Public expenditure and revenue in China,1990-2009

This study examines the long-ran equilibrium relationship between government expenditure and government revenue in China from 1990 to2009, using co-integration techniques. Meanwhile, it examines the direction of causality relationship between the variables through Granger causalitytest. Empirical findings show that there is a long run equilibrium relationship between govenunent exponditure and revenue. Granger causality test indi-cate there is no hi-directional causal relationship between the two variables.     

Investigating causality among unemployment,income and crime in Taiwan: evidence from the bounds test approach

This paper examines the long-run and causal relationships among unemployment, income and crime in Taiwan. The results clearly indicate that there is a long-run level equilibrium relationship among unemployment, income and total crime. There are also long-run relationships among unemployment, income and theft and among unemployment, income and economic fraud. The causality test results from the ECM-VAR and level VAR models indicate that there is a neutral relationship among unemployment, income and total crime, and a neutral relationship among unemployment, income and all three categories of crime. It is concluded that there is no strong evidence in favor of the unemployment-led crime (ULC) or the crime-led unemployment (CLU) hypotheses in Taiwan.     

中美股市间的联动性变化分析

将中国加入WTO后至今中美股市的数据以2005年为界划分为两部分,研究了中国入市后中美股市联动性的发展变化。研究结果表明,2005年以前中美股市没有显著的联动性,但2005年以后至今中美股市之间存在比较弱的联动性,而且表现出相互影响的特征。     

地方政府公共支出救助弱势群体的绩效、缺失与对策

社会主义市场经济条件下公共财政的公益性决定了其在弱势群体救助中的主体和主导作用。本文以陕西为例,从公共支出的研究视角,探析了地方政府救助弱势群体公共支出政策的绩效。同时也指出其存在公共支出救助弱势群体的能力不强;公共支出救助弱势群体的结构不合理;公共支出救助弱势群体的城乡失衡;公共支出救助弱势群体的效率低下等缺失。提出了增强公共支出救助弱势群体的能力;优化公共支出救助弱势群体的结构;构建公共支出救助弱势群体的机制;形成公共支出救助弱势群体的合力等对策建议,以期让公共财政的阳光普照更多的弱势群体。     

中国财政改革:政府层级、事权、支出与税收安排的思路

深化我国财政体制改革应考虑从1994年财税配套改革的成果出发,按照建立公共财政框架的方向,在适当简化政府层级的前提下,依照“一级政权、一级事权、一级财权、一级税基、一级预算、一级产权、一级举债权”的原则构造完整的多级财政,同时改进和完善中央自上而下的财力转移支付制度。     

中国税收增长率高于GDP增长率的公共支出因素分析

税收增长率高于GDP增长率是我国现阶段的一个特殊现象。文章首先梳理目前研究该现象的代表性观点,然后以政府职能为核心构建其与税收、公共支出和GDP的“四角关系模型”,并以此为基础分析税收和GDP的变化趋势;接着分析社会转型期,政府的政治、经济、文化和社会等基本职能以及运行职能不断扩张与膨胀导致公共支出大幅度增加,由于公共支出主要来源于税收,因而必然内在地要求和推动税收快速增长;最后得出结论,认为现阶段我国政府职能扩张所引致的公共支出大幅度增长,是税收增长率高于GDP增长率的最古蒋因素．     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

Population Ageing and Saving Rates in China,Japan and Korea: A Panel Granger Causality Analysis

Abstract

The world is ageing fast and East Asia is not an exception. Among the three major East Asian countries, Japan features the eldest society in the world, while China and Korea also witness a dramatic demographic transformation. One important impact of population ageing is on saving rates. In this paper we seek to investigate the causal relationship between demographics and savings in those three countries by employing a panel of data-set and innovative econometric technique – panel Granger causality test. On balance there is evidence supporting the argument that a growing younger population causes an increase in national saving, albeit not necessarily in household saving. The results are robust against different estimation procedures and parameters.     

陕西省服务业结构优化与经济增长之间的关系

选取陕西省2005-2014年服务业的统计数据,运用格兰杰因果检验、因子分析等计量经济学方法研究陕西省服务业结构优化与经济增长之间的关系,发现服务业发展是经济增长的格兰杰原因,找出服务业发展的主要影响因素,建立回归模型,分析结论,提出优化服务业内部结构、提高经济增长的相关政策建议。     

山西省民间金融与经济增长的因果关系检验

在金融发展日益昌盛的情况下,通过对山西省及北京市1999——2015年间金融发展与经济增长的数据研究,分析了山西省民间金融的发展现状。利用Granger因果关系检验,检验了山西省民间金融与经济增长之间的关系,结果显示山西省的民间金融发展不是经济增长的原因,但是山西省的经济增长是民间金融发展的原因。     

重庆市房地产价格变动与物价总水平变动的关系

1997-2012年的16年间,重庆房地产业发展迅速,已成为重庆国民经济的支柱产。本文选取1998—2012年的重庆市新建住宅价格指数NRPI和重庆市居民消费价格指数CPI作为分析数据,在平稳性与协整检验的前提下,对NRPI与CPI进行格兰杰因果分析,判断重庆市物价总水品变动与重庆市房地产价格的因果关系。     

基于VAR和灰色关联度的海南旅游业发展影响因素分析

利用2011年1月-2015年12月共60个月数据,建立以海南旅游业总收入、地方基础性投入、投资、游客消费能力、旅游接待规模为内生变量的VAR(3)模型。经过Granger 因果关系检验,发现地方基础性投入、投资水平、游客消费能力、旅游接待规模四个因素都是海南旅游业总收入的Granger原因,同时,旅游业总收入也是基础性投入和旅游接待规模的Granger原因。根据VAR(3)进行脉冲响应分析和方差分解,得到各因素对海南旅游业总收入影响的差异性以及动态变化规律,通过灰色关联分析,发现对海南旅游业总收入影响程度从高到低依次是投资水平、旅游接待规模、地方基础性投入和游客消费能力,与VAR模型互为补充,使结论分析更科学、全面,为海南旅游业发展相关政策的制定提供一定参考。     

河南省金融支持、技术创新与产业结构变迁研究

河南经济发展进入加快产业转型的新阶段,如何有效利用金融发展和技术创新提升产业层次是值得研究的话题。利用河南省1987-2018年的相关数据,从金融效率、金融规模、金融结构以及技术投入和产出等角度,利用VAR模型和VEC模型,考察了金融支持和技术创新对产业结构变迁的影响。结果表明,促进金融创新,有效地将存款转换为贷款,提高短期贷款对长期贷款的比重,将有利于提高第三产业比重,从而促进产业升级。提高直接融资比重则有利于技术创新,利用技术创新能够推动产业结构合理化和高级化。     

2000年以来广东四大区域财政收支差异演变态势初析

通过分析2000年以来广东省财政收支差异的演变态势,同时与全国及江苏省的财政收支差异演变情况进行比较,本文发现广东珠三角人均财政支出水平低于我国西、东北部区域。广东四大区域财政均等化程度仍然较低,且缩小进程慢于全国,也低于江苏等省区,突显广东省地区财政的均等化程度低的严峻性;进而提出建议：必须深化广东财政转移支付体制改革,加大对粤东西北地区的财力支持,加快缩小区域财政收支差距、区域投资差距、区域城镇化水平差距、区域产业结构差距和区域公共教育设施及水平差距。     

AVAR Analysis of the Impacts of Company Tax Rates on Foreign Direct Investment and other Macro-economic Variables in Australia

Abstract

Taxation policy has been recognized as a main determinant of foreign direct investment (FDI). However, the effect of taxation policy on other key macro-economic variables of interest has received little attention in the literature. This paper seeks to establish the long-run effects of a change in the Australian company tax rate on inbound FDI and other Australian macro-economic variables using vector autoregression (VAR) analysis to account for the interrelatedness of the variables under consideration. Results indicate that FDI, real gross domestic product (GDP) and trade with the rest of the world are all responsive to a change in the company tax rate.     

安徽省各地市核心竞争力比较研究

文章为了弄清楚私人投资和公共支出对安徽省GDP的动态影响,建立了三变量向量自回归(VAR)模型。由模型结论作者认为安徽省公共支出在短期内对GDP的影响是负向的,长期内是正向的,而且公共支出的边际影响大于私人支出;公共支出对私人投资具有很强的互补性,但公共支出的增长机制却是随着自身的需求和GDP的增长而增长。     

FDI, exports, and GDP in East and Southeast Asia—Panel data versus time-series causality analyses

Using time-series and panel data from 1986 to 2004, this paper examines the Granger causality relations between GDP, exports, and FDI among China, Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand, the eight rapidly developing East and Southeast Asian economies. After reviewing the current literature and testing the properties of individual time-series data, we estimate the VAR of the three variables to find various Granger causal relations for each of the eight economies. We found each country has different causality relations and does not yield general rules. We then construct the panel data of the three variables for the eight economies as a group and then use the fixed effects and random effects approaches to estimate the panel data VAR equations for Granger causality tests. The panel data causality results reveal that FDI has unidirectional effects on GDP directly and also indirectly through exports, and there also exists bidirectional causality between exports and GDP for the group. Our results indicate that the panel data causality analysis has superior results over the time-series causality analysis. Economic and policy implications of our analyses are then explored in the conclusions.     

现行废旧物资税收政策的弊端及解决对策

大力推进废旧物资的回收利用，是实现循环经济的关键环节；国家现行废旧物资税收政策在积极促进该行业发展的同时，也存在着一些不客忽视的问题。从现行废旧物资税收政策实施过程中引发的矛盾入手，论述了现行税收政策改革的必要性，并提出了初步的解决对幕。     

Covid-19, Economic Growth and South African Fiscal Policy

Following years of fast-rising debt levels, we show that the Covid-19 crisis worsened an already deteriorating fiscal position in South Africa. To restore fiscal sustainability in the aftermath of the crisis some commentators argue that higher government expenditure will grow GDP sufficiently to stabilise the debt/GDP ratio. We reject this, showing that although a real increase in expenditure stimulates economic growth (a short-run, once-off effect), the public expenditure/GDP ratio exceeds the level at which an increase in the ratio positively impacts growth. We then explore the past efforts of government to maintain or restore fiscal sustainability by estimating a fiscal reaction function using a Markov-switching model. Following the impact of the Covid-19 crisis on the budget, we subsequently establish the deficit, expenditure and revenue adjustments that the government will have to make to restore fiscal sustainability. Finally, we consider the merits of introducing a debt ceiling.     

突破结构瓶颈是盐城工业持续发展的关键

企业家政府是一种新型的政府管理模式 ,是政府再造的最终目标。其将利润概念、竞争机制引入到政府管理领域中 ,无疑扩大了行政管理的视角 ,丰富了政府治理的手段。本文简要介绍企业家政府的原则和理念 ,希望能有助于中国公共行政的发展。