Safer piping: Awareness training for the process industries

The ‘Safer Piping’ video training package was produced by the International Process Safety Group (IPSG) to meet the urgent need for training material to stem the ever–growing number of accidents directly caused by piping failures. The IPSG, then under the Chairmanship of Bob Mill, Exxon Chemical Corporation, identified piping as the single most important cause of concern in a process plant. The aim was to raise safety standards by changing people's attitudes to piping.     

Boiler and machinery protection through control of piping reactions

The effect of the three main classes of mechanical piping reactions (sustained, displacement, and dynamic), and the significant problems of accurate calculation, proper construction, operation, and maintenance.     

化工排污管道工程方案优选

通过对化学化工排污管道工程方案的分析比较 ,探讨了运用技术经济分析择优选用最优经济方案的方法。     

An ammonia storage tank study

An in-depth hazards review and subsequent field work on a 20-year-old ammonia tank are discussed, as well as a new method used to change tank valves. Included are a risk assessment of critical piping and a fracture mechanic study of the tank.     

浅析检测机构对工程质量控制的重要性及存在问题

分析了检测机构对工程质量控制的重要性,并在此基础上总结了建筑工程的检测机构、工艺管道无损检测的检测机构、电气试验的检测机构的工程检测在工程质量监管中存在的问题,提出了相应的解决方法。     

水煤浆气化装置管廊管道布置研究

水煤浆气化装置管廊的合理设计及布置对于节约成本,降低能耗,安全生产,具有十分重要的意义。本文主要对水煤浆气化装置管廊上几种运送特殊介质的管道的布置进行探讨。     

灯泡贯流机组流道检修排水管管径的合理确定

灯泡贯流机组检修排水时 ,流道内的水通过排水管自流排入排水廓道 ,利用积分计算其自流排水时间 ,从而核算流道检修排水管管径设计是否合理 ,使之与所选的检修排水泵生产率相适应 ,达到优化管路及设备的目的     

焊接钢管产品生产许可证和压力管道元件制造许可取证的比较与分析

结合实际操作过程中积累的经验,对石油天然气工业用焊接钢管相关的国家行政监督检验与许可进行叙述,在综合比较、分析焊管产品生产许可证和压力管道元件制造许可规定要求与区别的基础上,提出了统一归口、平稳过渡、保证质量的原则意见,使企业对申请与取证的方式更加明确。     

Specification of flame arresting devices for manifolded low pressure storage tanks

The current regulations and accepted recommended practices relating to the use of mechanical flame arresting devices on low pressure, flammable liquid storage tanks will be reviewed. The applicability of these recommendations to typical manifolded tank and closed piping vapor recovery systems, as opposed to the more common “stand alone”, venting to atmosphere storage tanks, will be examined with particular emphasis on the widely varying service conditions that mechanical flame arresting devices may encounter. The limitations placed on the use of commercially available Factory Mutual Approved and Underwriters Laboratories Listed flame arresters will be explained.     

Flashback from waste gas incinerator into air supply piping

A waste gas incinerator experienced a flashback with a pressure wave in the Suction Vent Gas (SVG) system. Extensive damage resulted to the SVG flame arrestor, SVG fan, SVG valves, and incinerator piping. There were no injuries. The primary cause of the incident is believed to have been a fuel rich SVG stream that was rapidly introduced into the incinerator creating a “puff.” This “puff” allowed flame from the natural gas ring burner to blow back into the windbox igniting the fuel rich SVG. The combustion of gas in the ducting then created a pressure wave that blew apart the flame arrestor and caused the remainder of the damage.     

民国旗袍的装饰研究

民国是旗袍发展的鼎盛时期,无论何种阶层、何种年龄的女性几乎都拥有旗袍,由此可见旗袍的普及性之高,适应性之强。民国旗袍丰富的装饰手法在旗袍流行和普及过程中起着关键的作用。通过对民国时期旗袍装饰手法的研究,着重介绍一些典型的装饰实例,包括海派蕾丝花边旗袍、宽滚边旗袍、几何图形旗袍、"薄露透"旗袍以及"新外观"旗袍。并且主要从流行原因和装饰效果方面来阐述和介绍。研究旗袍的装饰十分有意义,研究成果可以运用到现代旗袍的设计中,使得旗袍文化能够更好地传承和发扬光大。     

A simple technique for the optimization of lay-out and location for chemical plant safety

A computer program to optimize the use of land and ensure safe operation of plant. A logical process flow is maintained, while the position of plant items is optimized using a hill-climbing technique. A number of quantitative techniques exist for the measurement of hazard values for comparison of process routes in chemical plant design and operation. Such numerical values can also be used as a basis in lay-out considerations. There is a need for a simple technique, which allows for the optimization of separation distances between plant by determining the minimum requirement for safe operation. This requirement determines the cost of land and that of piping and control lines. It is then possible to carry out economic comparisons between using separation distances and the installation of mobile and fixed prevention and protection systems. An optimization technique based on a modified hill-climbing method is described.     

推进人力资源的系统开发

当前,推进人力资源开发,对于经济社会发展具有重要意义。从系统观点看,从我国经济社会发展的实际出发。需要着眼于人力资源开发的全过程,关注人力资源开发的全方面,增强人力资源开发的系统性。为此,需要在提升主体性过程中推进人力资源开发,在改进管理模型中推进人力资源开发,在教育培训中推进人力资源开发,在文化建设中推进人力资源开发,在人才使用中推进人力资源开发,在市场化的进程中推进人力资源开发,在提升社会资本的过程中推进人力资源开发,在完善机制过程中推进人力资源开发。     

油气田开发项目平均投资利润率和利税率的确定

行业平均投资利润率和行业平均投资利税率是投资者进行投资机会选择的主要参考依据之一，是投资者对其投资项目收益的最低期望要求。从投资者角度来讲，恰当地确定平均投资利润率和行业平均投资利税率是一个相当重要而又比较棘手的问题。文章主要讨论了如何确定油气田勘探开发项目经济评价中平均投资利润率和行业平均投资利税率的一种简单方法。     

Which one is more valuable in coordinating the online and offline distribution? Service support or online price coordination

Nowadays effective mechanisms to coordinate the online and offline distribution become increasingly important in the business market. In this research, we first propose two mechanisms (i.e. the offline service to the retailer and the online price coordination) for the manufacturer and the retailer to employ. Our results show that the online price coordination does help coordinate the online and offline distribution and bring higher profits to the manufacturer-retailer supply chain and thus both the manufacturer and the retailer, while the offline service to the retailer does not; comparing to the offline service to the retailer, the online price coordination is a better strategy to be utilized to alleviate the online to offline competition. Furthermore, we investigate if a novel coordination mechanism, which combines the offline service to the retailer with the online price coordination, can help coordinate the online and offline distribution better and becomes the optimal coordination mechanism. Surprisingly, our results show that compared to both the offline service to the retailer and the online price coordination, this combination coordination mechanism does show a dominant competitive advantage to bring highest profits to all parties.     

The small- and medium-sized firm as a channel for technology transfer between nations

Managers of small- and medium-sized firms are often unwilling to enter into agreements with firms in other countries to share knowledge developed in their own R & D efforts. They see such arrangements as being primarily withing the normal activities of the larger companies and restrict their own participation to the local market. These smaller firms, however, have much to offer in new technological ideas. Managers willing to establish multinational ties can find them to be advantageous to home and host countries and to lead to greater success for their enterprise.     

Research findings in strategic management with implications for R&D management

Abstract
The author has reviewed the literature, predominantly North American, on the relationships between corporate strategy and corporate performance.
The general context is the question of where and how a firm should diversify. The author considers three areas of decision: corporate strategy, (where to compete), business strategy, (how to compete), and corporate organization (receptiveness to diversification). It appears that the most advantageous corporate strategy is to diversify into a high-profit area but to maintain a substantial relatedness to existing businesses; the best business strategy is to have a market-related perspective, to use R&D to develop new products with a marked competitive advantage rather than new processes, to minimise investment but to enter the market on a sufficiently large scale. This last condition presupposes a high degree of top-management commitment to the venture. Furthermore, consideration has to be given to whether the organizational culture is such as to nurture rather than stifle the venture by insisting on administrative controls appropriate to the firm's traditional base.
The author points to three areas deserving of further investigation: How a firm in a mature industry can find a related area that is sufficiently attractive; how to fix on the correct scale of an entry taking into account the long lead times before the venture shows a net return; and how to ensure that the corporate culture will be able to accommodate novel interests and procedures.
All the above matters pose questions for the management of technology and the direction of R&D.     

建设项目自组织智能管理模式研究

在工程实践和理论研究基础上,为提高建设项目的管理水平尝试性地提出了自组织智能管理模式(SOIMP),它是管理者面向建设项目的一种统一工作平台或系统工作方法。研究沿着管理系统获得、处理项目信息和管理系统动态特征的分析思路展开。选择岗位作为项目和项目管理系统之间的界面（接口）,全方位、全过程、全纵深地跟踪项目,通过岗位的特征属性无遗漏地刻画和表征项目。通过知识发现模型自组织地处理项目信息、发现项目知识,将项目转化为可以量化描述和研究的数学系统。在系统层次上分析管理模式的自组织机理,即对管理系统在对建设项目信息的捕捉和处理过程中表现出来的系统运动特征和规律的研究。     

解构主义在服装设计中的应用

解构理论以德里达的哲学理论为基础,其核心理念就是推翻固有的模式,建立新的秩序。服装中的解构分为理念和技巧两方面的运用。设计手法表现为:(1)拒绝"综合"观念,改向"分解"观念;(2)拒绝传统的使用与形式间的对立,转向两者的叠合或交叉;(3)强调碎裂叠合及组合,分解服装系统的界限,提出新定义。当下的服装设计中显现出三种伪解构主义:(1)对解构的不理解;(2)文本的意义代替了设计;(3)消极的理论倾向。解构的设计要发展,首先有赖于对解构设计的了解,及设计师对思维的高度要求的共同努力,以及对解构的积极方向的导引。解构在服装中已成为主流之一,并将继续流行。随着人们对理性的回归,解构作为理念将适度回转。解构作为技巧必将走向成衣化,最终成为服装设计的常用手段。     

创建ZPEB钻井名牌的实践与认识

通过分析国内外钻井市场的形势，总结了企业与国际管理的差距，提出企业应提升技术与装备水平，加强文化的深层次建设，创新人力管理机制，创立起好的技术创新机制，推广项目管理体系，探索新的质量管理方法等，使企业成为更具竞争力和活力的组织，促进ZPEB的名牌战略实施和不断壮大。