Designs for estimating an extremal point of quadratic regression models in a hyperball

This paper is devoted to studying optimal designs for estimating an extremal point of a multivariate quadratic regression model in the unit hyperball. The problem of estimating an extremal point is reduced to that of estimating certain parameters of a corresponding nonlinear (in parameters) regression model. For this reduced problem truncated locally D-optimal designs are found in an explicit form. The result is a generalization of the results of Fedorov and Müller (1997) for onedimensional quadratic regression function in the unit segment. Received February 2002     

基于模糊理论的滚子活齿行星传动可靠性优化设计

文章利用模糊可靠性优化设计方法,综合考虑了滚子活齿行星传动中有关设计参数、约束条件的随机性和模糊性,建立了基于模糊可靠性分析的以材料最省为目标的优化设计模型,并进行了实例计算和结果分析。     

On optimal allocations for estimating the surface of a random field

In general, the construction of optimal designs is apparently a difficult task for the approximation of a random field indexed by more than one dimension. Besides the rate of convergence of the minimum achievable error hardly anything is known until now. However, if there is an immanent structure present in the random field, then, taking this structure into account, improved estimates can be obtained. For this situation we present adequate designs which show, at least, a nearly optimal performance. work supported by 313/ARC/VII/93/151 of the DAAD work supported by Ku719/2-1 of the DFG     

D‐optimal designs for a continuous predictor in longitudinal trials with discrete‐time survival endpoints

In designing an experiment with one single, continuous predictor, the questions are composed of what is the optimal number of the predictor's values, what are these values, and how many subjects should be assigned to each of these values. In this study, locally D‐optimal designs for such experiments with discrete‐time event occurrence data are studied by using a sequential construction algorithm. Using the Weibull survival function for modeling the underlying time to event function, it is shown that the optimal designs for a linear effect of the predictor have two points that coincide with the design region's boundaries, but the design weights highly depend on the predictor effect size and its direction, the survival pattern, and the number of time points. For a quadratic effect of the predictor, three or four design points are needed.     

抗震概念设计在建筑结构设计中的应用

针对目前建筑结构设计当中墨守成规的现象,提倡采用概念设计思想来促进结构工程师的创造性,推动结构设计的发展。工程技术人员在建筑、结构设计过程中必须充分运用抗震概念设计的优化准则及其相应的构造措施,确保工程质量。     

Estimation and testing of crossing‐points in fixed design regression

Many phenomena in the life sciences can be analyzed by using a fixed design regression model with a regression function m that exhibits a crossing‐point in the following sense: the regression function runs below or above its mean level, respectively, according as the input variable lies to the left or to the right of that crossing‐point, or vice versa. We propose a non‐parametric estimator and show weak and strong consistency as long as the crossing‐point is unique. It is defined as maximizing point arg max of a certain marked empirical process. For testing the hypothesis H₀ that the regression function m actually is constant (no crossing‐point), a decision rule is designed for the specific alternative H₁ that m possesses a crossing‐point. The pertaining test‐statistic is the ratio max/argmax of the maximum value and the maximizing point of the marked empirical process. Under the hypothesis the ratio converges in distribution to the corresponding ratio of a reflected Brownian bridge, for which we derive the distribution function. The test is consistent on the whole alternative and superior to the corresponding Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, which is based only on the maximal value max. Some practical examples of possible applications are given where a certain study about dental phobia is discussed in more detail.     

论产品生态设计与成本企画的结合

文章从环保产品开发的理念出发,阐述了产品生态设计的基本概念和设计流程,提出实施生态设计与成本企画方法结合的思想,作为企业进行环境成本管理的另一有效途径。     

基于排队网络理论的生产物流瓶颈识别与优化研究

针对制造系统多品种小批量生产模式下物流瓶颈转移的复杂问题,在对排队网络理论进行深入研究的基础上,建立了不同工站利用率和生产负荷的关系,并针对两类工件和四个工站的排队网络,对生产物流瓶颈转移趋势进行了分析,提出了用MVA近似分析法推算生产物流瓶颈的方法,该方法可以较好地计算瓶颈转折点的数值,能够有效处理生产物流瓶颈转移问题,为提高制造企业生产物流瓶颈管理水平创造了条件。     

论情感设计在产品设计中的基础因素

情感设计对于产品设计领域,已经不是一个陌生的概念了,相对于上世纪所流行的功能设计以及质量设计等设计潮流,情感设计作为上世纪末本世纪初所发展的全新的设计思维,打破了人机关系中冷酷的使用和被使用的关系,把人对于产品的感受融入到产品设计的自身当中,体现了一种温暖关怀的设计理念,很快就领导了全球化的设计潮流。     

小议卫生间的设计

卫生间是一幢建筑物中必不可少的组成部分,文章针对一般建筑物卫生间的结构,探讨了卫生间的设计。     

生态城市规划设计研究

文章从基于建设生态城市的观点出发,对生态城市规划中的重要组成部分——实现城市生态系统动态平衡、调控人与环境关系等进行了详尽的阐述,并在此基础上针对城市生态规划的内外原则及规划依据进行了研究。     

城市中心区的街道设计策略

城市郊区化和街道荒漠化是当前城市建设所面临的重要问题.为了避免城市中心区的衰退,建设富有活力的街道空间,提高城市公共空间品质,需要调整现行的技术主义的街道交通设计策略,实施城市主义的街道设计策略,使得街道空间真正成为能够结构社区的市民生活空间.     

浅析数控曲轴连杆轴颈车床夹具设计的有效改进

数控曲轴连杆颈车床用来加工一般四拐曲轴的连杆颈,该夹具已使用多年,但随着近年来新产品开发数量的增多,已远不能满足使用要求,本文就CF-702数控曲轴连杆轴颈车床的夹具设计,进行有效的改进,具有一定的参考价值。     

数据仓库设计方法研究

文章描述了数据仓库(DW)设计过程的几个常规阶段并给出了改进。类似于传统的数据库设计,数据仓库设计过程分为4个阶段。第一阶段指定相关操作型数据库的属性;概念设计把需求分析和规格说明的结果转换为满足第三多维范式的事实图;逻辑设计阶段采用概念设计生成的图表并产生一组视图定义;最后一阶段为数据仓库的物理设计阶段。     

数字化设计和制造标准研究

计算机辅助设计和制造(CAD/CAM)技术能够体现先进制造的发展方向,为提高数字化设计和制造的系统应用水平,提高工程软件的使用能力,文章论述了基于三维设计和制造的标准体系,规范了数字化信息的标准化,经过企业实践证明了标准化的有效性,提高了设计的效率和信息的共享。     

弹药产品反求设计分析

文章针对当今世界弹药产品迅猛发展、发达国家先进武器不断商品化的现状,一般性地分析了弹药产品反求设计的前提——国际环境、学科基础,并从一般特点、设计原则、基本步骤、反求方法等几方面对弹药产品反求设计进行了分析,提出了弹药产品反求设计的目的——再创造、科学反求。     

浅析环境心理学在饭店设计中的应用

文章简要介绍了环境心理学,在具体分析宾客对饭店环境需求的基础上,探讨了如何将环境心理学应用到饭店设计中。     

论建筑方案设计中的造价控制

随着建筑业改革的逐步深入,建筑市场日益完善,招投标制和合同制的逐步推行,以及我国加入了WTO,与国际接轨,建筑市场开始参与更激烈的国际竟争,项目的经济性越来越受到重视,全过程造价控制已成为趋势。建筑方案设计阶段造价控制是全过程造价控制中的重要组成部分,因此,如何有效地对其加以控制已成为当前急需解决的一个实际问题。     

On the inclusion of bivariate marked point processes in graphical models

Graphical models use graphs to represent conditional independence relationships among random variables of a multivariate probability distribution. This paper introduces a new kind of chain graph models in which nodes also represent marked point processes. This is relevant to the analysis of event history data, i.e. data consisting of random sequences of events or time durations of states. Survival analysis and duration models are particular cases. This article considers the case of two marked point processes. The idea consists of representing a whole process by a single node and a conditional independence statement by a lack of connection. We refer to the resulting models as graphical duration models.     

山区变电站竖向设计初探

文章阐述了变电站总图设计中竖向设计的4种形式和影响变电站竖向设计的因素,并通过实例分析指出适宜山区变电站采取的竖向布置形式。