经济增长目标、公众参与及环境质量治理

本文分析了混合型经济增长目标、公众参与及交互项对环境的影响,结果发现混合型经济增长目标与环境污染之间呈倒U型关系。信访来信与电话投诉起到了抑制环境污染的作用,且具有明显的滞后效应。并且,受混合型经济增长目标影响,公众参与并未起到改善环境质量的作用。理论和实证研究均表明,混合型经济增长目标一定程度上恶化了环境,并且导致公众参与失灵,对进一步调整经济增长目标、完善公众参与制度具有重要的启示作用。     

产业结构调整、环境规制与经济增长——基于中国2005—2017年30个省域面板数据的实证研究

利用我国2005—2017年30个省域面板数据,实证检验了现阶段产业结构调整和环境规制对经济增长的影响。研究结果表明:(1)我国现阶段的产业结构调整抑制了经济增长;(2)环境规制与经济增长之间存在倒"U"型的曲线关系,现阶段环境规制促进了经济增长;(3)加入产业结构调整与环境规制强度的交互项后发现,环境规制可以有效减小现阶段产业结构调整对经济增长的负面影响。根据研究分析得出,现阶段的产业结构调整要避免出现快速"去工业化"的现象,经济发展依然要依托制造业的坚实发展等。     

我国省域碳排放量与经济增长、环境规制、产业结构和居民生活消费间关系的实证分析

利用1998—2009年我国30个省(自治区、直辖市)的相关截面数据,构建了固定效应面板数据模型,对我国省域碳排放量与环境规制、经济增长、产业机构和居民生活消费的关系进行了实证分析。结果表明:经济发展水平、产业结构、居民生活消费和环境规制均是影响我国碳排放量的重要因素,且前者均与后者正相关;我国的自发碳排放量存在一定的区域性差异,东部地区各省市的自发碳排放量低于全国平均水平,中部地区次之,西部地区最高。最后,结合我国实际提出具体的政策建议。     

我国东部地区经济增长与环境质量间关系的实证研究

利用1997—2009年我国东部地区的经济指标、环境指标的综列数据,采用面板回归方法,分析了我国东部地区的经济增长与环境质量之间的关系。研究结果显示:东部地区的工业三废排放与人均GDP之间的关系并不完全遵循倒U型的环境库兹涅茨曲线规律;经济增长、产业结构、技术要素、政府干预、对外开放度等因素对环境质量的影响程度不同;产业结构调整、技术进步、对外开放均会带来东部地区环境质量的改善。     

环境规制与我国经济增长关系的区域差异研究——基于东、中、西部地区三次产业部门的数据分析

本文以2001-2010年全国东部、中部和西部地区的面板数据为样本,将区域经济增长细化为三次产业经济的增长,通过建立面板数据模型,分区域研究环境规制对各产业部门的经济增长效应,研究发现环境规制水平对我国三次产业的影响呈现出明显的区域差异性。环境规制水平与东部和中部地区的第二、三产业呈显著的正向相关关系,对西部地区第二产业的发展有显著的正效应,而对东、中部地区的第一产业和西部地区的第一、三产业的增长无显著影响。因此,应当采取相应的政策措施,以促进各区域环境规制与经济增长的协调发展。     

Does Improved Environmental Policy Enhance Economic Growth?

The environmental impacts on an economy is studied over time using endogenous growth theory. Externalities from the environment on production are central in the analysis, and we examine whether an optimal path realizes more rapid economic growth. The paper focuses mainly on developing countries, where production is largely influenced by the environmental quality. The result of the analysis indicates that the economic growth rate may not depend on the internalization of the environmental externality, but rather on the internalization of the human capital externality. The level of economic activity, however, generally seems to depend on the internalization of both externalities.     

New Economic Theories

This paper analyses some of the most important spillovers of recent developments of economic theory into environmental economics. Attention is given to the anlaysis of sustainable economic development paths, where endogenous growth models are used; the implications of environmental dumping and more generally of policies concerning global environmental issues, where new trade theories are very useful; and, the effectiveness of environmental policy instruments when markets are imperfectly competitive, where industrial organisation theory is employed. The paper does not only note recent developments in environmental economics, but also relates these to the previous environmental economics literature. Thus, it can be assessed whether new results actually improve our knowledge of crucial economic and environmental issues.     

On Impatience, Economic Growth and the Environmental Kuznets Curve: A Dynamic Analysis of Resource Management

The paper presents a dynamic analysis of natural resource management and investigates some key factors that affect optimal management and resource conservation.Using a recursive specification of time preferences, we show how endogenous discounting and impatience can affect the motivation for both capital investments and environmental preservation. We examine the relationships between economic growth and environmental quality. Endogenous discounting provides new insights in the economic dynamics underlying the environmental Kuznets curve. By treating growth as endogenous, we examine how externalities and economic growth interact with each other. We investigate how economic development can contribute to an increased demand for environmental preservation. As an important new result, we also show how poverty can contribute to environmental degradation.     

Transboundary Externalities in the Environmental Transition Hypothesis

The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) is a hypothesis which implies that it is possible to grow out of environmental degradation. Most theoretical models of the EKC relation have not accounted for transboundary and intergenerational externalities nor have empirical studies provided evidence that validates an inverted U shaped relation between environmental degradation and economic growth for pollution problems where the effects are far-displaced or are long-delayed.This paper integrates the theory of transboundary externalities into the most common theoretical framework applied to the EKC hypothesis. It shows that where a significant proportion of the environmental impacts of economic activity occurs outside the territories in which those activities take place, the de-linking of growth and environmental degradation is less likely to happen. This proposition is demonstrated by assuming that decisionmakers have a Nash-type non cooperative strategic behavior.     

Does Environmental Policy Necessarily Discourage Growth?

This paper analyzes the long-run impact of an environmental policy on economic growth. A growth model with vertical innovation is modified by including intermediate goods as a source of pollution. Taxation on pollution reduces profits of intermediate firms as well as final outputs. However, it increases their mark-ups and alleviates profit losses. In this setting, profit losses are offset by the general equilibrium effect; thus, the tax enhances R&Ds which drive economic growth while it reduces pollution. If the government provides an R&D subsidy, the growth rate will be accelerated.     

由环境工程项目看环境绩效审计

随着国际上对环境问题的日益关注，环境工程项目的实施和开展也已成为社会需要，环境工程项目的绩效审计与监督将成为我们工作重点。本文主要围绕环境工程项目及其绩效问题与新发展，提出了环境绩效审计的迫切性，阐述了环境绩效审计作为一种新型环境管理工具与众不同的特性。     

Channels of transmission of environmental policy to economic growth: A survey of the theory

Economists generally hold that environmental regulations impose constraints on the production possibilities set and are therefore potentially harmful to economic growth. In recent years, however, it has been recognized that environmental regulation can enhance the prospects for growth if improved environmental quality increases the productivity of inputs or the efficiency of the education system. It is also held that environmental regulation promotes pollution abatement activity and can lead to the exploitation of increasing returns to scale in abatement. Furthermore, expectations of a better environment may encourage households to save. Finally, it has been conjectured that environmental regulations can stimulate innovation because R&D is a relatively clean activity and because the market share of clean innovations increases. Future empirical research should shed light on the relative importance of these different channels of transmission of environmental policy to the growth rate of the economy.     

我国东北地区经济增长与环境质量间关系的实证研究

利用1997-2010年的数据,通过主成分分析构建经济系统、环境系统的综合发展水平指数,利用回归分析方法,对我国东北地区的经济增长与环境质量的关系进行了实证研究,并利用模糊数学隶属度函数计算了经济系统与环境系统的协调度。实证结果表明:我国东北地区的环境质量与经济发展之间存在EKC关系;在目前及今后一段时期内,随着经济的发展,环境系统承受的压力仍将逐渐增大;东北地区环境系统与经济系统的发展基本处于弱协调状态。     

Factors Behind the Environmental Kuznets Curve. A Decomposition of the Changes in Air Pollution

The environmental Kuznets curve theory suggeststhat economic growth in the long run may reduceenvironmental problems. In this article, we usea decomposition analysis to isolate eightdifferent factors, in order to investigate theorigins of changes in emissions to air over theperiod from 1980 to 1996. Among these factorsare economic growth, changes in the relativesize of production sectors and changes in theuse of energy. Given constant emissions perproduced unit, economic growth alone would havecontributed to a significant increase in theemissions. This potential degradation of theenvironment has been counteracted by first ofall more efficient use of energy and abatementtechnologies. In addition, the substitution ofcleaner for polluting energy types and othertechnological progressions and politicalactions have reduced the growth in emissions.Consequently, the growth in all emissions hasbeen significantly lower than economic growth,and negative for some pollutants.The results indicate that policymakers mayreduce emissions considerably through creatingincentives for lower energy use andsubstitutions of environmental friendly forenvironmental damaging energy types, inaddition to support environmental friendlyresearch or to conduct direct emission reducingactions, such as abatement requirements orbanning of environmental damaging products.This is particularly relevant to countries andsectors with relatively high energy intensitiesand low pollution abatement.     

新疆经济增长中的能源消费与环境污染

本文的研究目的在于分析新疆经济增长与能源消费、环境污染之间的数量联系机制。文章首先对新疆经济增长过程中的能源消费与环境污染现状做了详细的描述性统计;然后基于1985年～2007年的时序数据,建立经济增长与能源消费、环境污染的协整方程。研究发现,新疆存在从能源到经济的单向格兰杰原因,为能源依赖型经济体系;新疆经济增长、能源消费、对外贸易构成环境污染的单向格兰杰原因;在影响新疆环境污染程度的各因素中,对外贸易对环境污染的影响是很大的。     

生态环境、环境税与可持续经济增长

如何实现经济和生态环境的和谐发展,已经成为全球关注的焦点。文章把生态环境纳入生产函数和效用函数,构建一个考虑环境税的内生增长模型,运用最优控制方法求解模型的最优均衡解。并在此基础上,进一步探讨了生态环境与可持续经济增长的关系以及环境税对最优增长路径的影响。发现环境税的开征降低了最优增长路径上的经济增长率,却提高了人们的最优消费水平。而人们环境意识的提高可以帮助减小因环境税给经济增长率带来的冲击。     

经济增长与环境质量——基于山西省环境库兹涅茨曲线的实证检验

本文根据山西省1991～2006年经济与环境统计数据,采用6种具有代表性的环境质量指标与人均实际GDP建立了山西省环境库兹涅茨曲线的计量模型,并据此分析了山西省经济增长与环境质量变化之间的关系。结果表明,主要环境指标模型的环境库兹涅茨曲线特征并不明显,各污染排放量与人均实际GDP仍处于同步上升阶段,说明山西省环境质量随着经济增长仍处于恶化阶段。     

Growth and conflict in the developing world: Neo-liberal narratives and social-economy alternatives

The last quarter of the 20th century saw an increase in violent conflicts across the globe. With connections between growth, poverty and conflict increasingly difficult to ignore, research has begun examining economic dimensions of conflict. This paper reviews and critiques this new research, much of it conducted by the World Bank. The research argues that war results from poverty, and poverty from misguided economic policies, so that reducing conflict requires redoubling efforts to promote growth via neo-liberal reforms. I criticize the conceptual underpinnings of this argument, including its overemphasis on individual incentives and its claim that social and economic injustices do not contribute to violent conflicts. Instead I argue that social economics provides valuable alternative perspectives on conflict that take seriously its social dimensions, especially problems of economic justice and the common good.     

环境规制差异、创新驱动与中国经济绿色增长

运用2008—2015年中国30个省(自治区、直辖市)的面板数据,基于Malmquist-Luenberger指数模型测算了考虑能源消耗和非期望产出的中国省域绿色全要素生产率,利用所构建的创新驱动能力评价指标体系测度我国各省区的创新驱动能力。将环境规制划分为行政型、市场型和公众参与型三类,运用面板数据模型考察了不同类型的环境规制、创新驱动及两者的交互项对绿色全要素生产率的影响。结果表明:不同类型的环境规制对中国经济绿色增长的影响具有区域差异;创新驱动对中国区域经济绿色增长有显著的促进作用;在促进中国经济绿色增长方面,环境规制与创新驱动不仅发挥了各自的积极作用,而且两者还显示出一定的协同效应。     

Foreign trade, environmental protection and sustainable economic growth in China

Since the 1990s, China has exhibited growth in both foreign trade and the economy. Promoting environmental protection and sustainable economic growth are main concerns in the academic profession in the country. This paper makes an empirical analysis of trade and environmental pollution, and discusses the inherent relationship between foreign trade, environmental protection and sustainable economic growth. In addition, this paper makes several policy suggestions with a view to adjusting trade structure, enforcing environmental protection and promoting sustainable economic growth in China.