IPO公司关键审计事项提供了增量信息吗——基于IPO抑价的经验证据

基于2018-2019年度A股1PO公司新审计报告中披露的关键审计事项特征,实证检验IPO公司关键审计事项对抑价的影响,结果表明,IPO公司关键审计事项向投资者传递了增量风险信息,关键审计事项的披露显著提高了IPO抑价水平.关键审计事项披露越多,其抑价率越高;而IPO公司主要通过收入确认或资产减值等关键审计事项向投资者传递其增量风险信息,但"十大所"相比"非十大所"更能有效控制关键审计事项传递的增量风险,故"十大所"能有效约束IPO公司关键审计事项对抑价水平的提升效果.因此,投资者应理性解读关键审计事项传递的信息以进行投资决策;政府监管部门应重视培育会计师事务所规模和声誉,充分发挥会计师事务所的鉴证效力.     

内部控制审计报告、实际控制人性质与权益资本成本

以2011—2012年A股上市公司为样本,采用PEG模型检验权益资本成本是否会受企业披露出的内部控制报告的影响.研究表明,披露内部控制自评报告的企业的权益资本成本不会有显著的降低,但是企业披露内部控制审计报告可以作为一个积极的信号,能够明显降低权益资本成本.与此同时,实际控制人性质在一定程度上也影响了投资者对企业的财务报告质量和经营风险的评估,为内部控制信息披露的质量提供保证,降低权益资本成本.     

关键审计事项披露能抑制大股东掏空行为吗？——来自掏空关键事项的证据

借助新审计报告关键审计事项中的掏空事项文本信息,文章以2017—2019年中国A股上市公司为样本,从掏空关键事项的视角考察关键审计事项披露对大股东掏空行为的有效性。研究发现,与掏空相关的关键审计事项披露能够减少大股东掏空行为。当与掏空相关的关键审计事项披露力度越大、风险匹配度越高或越是利用专家工作时,其对大股东掏空行为的治理效用越大;掏空关键审计事项披露机制对大股东掏空行为的治理效应主要是通过增加公司行政关注成本和市场监督压力实现的;从体现大股东代理问题的股权制衡环境来看,掏空关键审计事项披露所发挥的大股东掏空抑制效应在股权制衡氛围较弱的公司中更明显。文章对强化新审计报告准则实施与其他行政监管及市场监督机制的合力威慑效用和协同治理具有重要意义。     

关键审计事项披露能否抑制公司违规行为?——来自我国上市公司的经验证据

通过选取2013—2019年我国A股上市公司为研究对象,实证考察了关键审计事项披露对上市公司违规行为的影响及其作用路径。研究发现,在标准审计报告中沟通关键审计事项能够抑制上市公司违规行为,且这种抑制作用在民营企业的样本中更为显著。此外,通过分析研究关键审计事项披露对公司违规行为的作用机制,结果表明关键审计事项披露能够通过降低信息不对称程度、提升内外部治理水平抑制上市公司违规行为,即存在“信息效应”和“治理效应”。同时,相比于存货类和固定资产类,公司更关注收入类和应收账款类的关键审计事项披露。在进一步细分公司违规类型后发现,关键审计事项披露仅对信息披露违规行为和领导人违规行为表现出抑制作用,而在经营违规行为的样本中不显著。研究结论不仅拓展了关键审计事项披露微观经济后果的研究框架,也为政府相关部门评估新审计准则政策效果提供了重要参考价值。     

审计师性别对关键审计事项披露的影响——基于商誉减值关键审计事项的证据

以中国2017-2019年沪深A股上市公司为样本,研究发现在客户公司并购标的未达预期业绩时,女性审计师比男性审计师更有可能披露商誉减值关键审计事项.在控制了会计师事务所特征后仍发现审计师性别对关键审计事项的披露有显著影响.进一步研究表明,女性审计师性别对于关键审计事项披露的影响随着女审计师任期的增长而减弱.经过一系列稳...     

内部控制缺陷披露对资本成本的影响研究--基于沪深两市A 股的经验数据

文章选取我国A股上市公司2011-2012年披露的年报及相关信息为样本数据,建立多元回归分析模型分别对沪深两市178家样本上市公司2012年的权益资本成本和债务资本成本进行检验。研究结果显示：披露内部控制缺陷的样本公司存在较高的资本成本,缺陷的披露与权益资本成本和债务资本成本呈现显著正相关,权益资本成本对缺陷信息的披露敏感度更高。对控制变量回归分析,发现股权投资者更有动力积极获取公司经营管理信息,而债权投资者更关注财务指标信息。总体来看,我国资本市场对内部控制缺陷信息的披露作出了较为稳定的资本成本定价,内部控制缺陷的披露对资本市场来说具有重要价值。     

内部控制缺陷披露对资本成本的影响研究——基于沪深两市A股的经验数据

文章选取我国A股上市公司2011--2012年披露的年报及相关信息为样本数据,建立多元回归分析模型分别对沪深两市178家样本上市公司2012年的权益资本成本和债务资本成本进行检验。研究结果显示：披露内部控制缺陷的样本公司存在较高的资本成本,缺陷的披露与权益资本成本和债务资本成本呈现显著正相关,权益资本成本对缺陷信息的披露敏感度更高。对控制变量回归分析,发现股权投资者更有动力积极获取公司经营管理信息,而债权投资者更关注财务指标信息。总体来看,我国资本市场对内部控制缺陷信息的披露作出了较为稳定的资本成本定价,内部控制缺陷的披露对资本市场来说具有重要价值。     

企业气候风险信息披露与机构持股

气候风险信息披露是企业树立良好声誉,提高环境绩效,降低资本成本、融资约束以促进低碳化转型的重要举措。以2012—2021年我国A股上市公司社会责任报告和可持续发展报告为样本,利用扎根理论的方法构建气候风险披露指数,衡量企业的气候风险信息披露水平,探究企业气候风险信息披露与机构持股之间的关系。研究发现,企业气候风险信息披露水平与机构持股比例正相关,且相关性显著。进一步分析发现,该相关关系在不同行业中不存在显著差异,但对于不同类型的机构投资者存在显著差异,压力抵制型机构投资者更能被气候风险信息披露所吸引。该研究结论为企业完善气候风险信息披露、应对气候风险、实现低碳化转型提供了重要的理论和实践基础。     

行业环境、食品质量安全信息披露与权益资本成本

食品安全信息披露能否降低非系统风险、减少信息不对称、增加企业声誉,从而降低企业的权益资本成本？以2011年～2014年深沪证券交易所137家食品类上市公司为样本,实证分析我国上市公司食品质量安全信息披露对权益资本成本的影响,发现食品质量安全信息披露与权益资本成本显著负相关,且这种相关关系在国有产权性质企业和行业竞争程度高的企业更为显著.披露食品质量安全信息是企业的理性选择,政府的职责是基于风险视角合理配置资源以及创造优良的竞争环境,以促进企业披露高质量的食品安全信息.     

新审计准则关键审计事项信息披露问题研究

根据形势发展的需要,2016年年底,财政部颁布第1504号审计准则,我们目前将之称为新审计准则。新审计准则对对审计报告中关键审计事项的披露提出了新的要求。新审计准则的改革与国际审计标准国家靠近,是我国审计准则国际化的一大步,是对审计报告规则的突破性要求。本文研究新审计准则关键审计事项披露问题,以及对审计报告质量的影响,分析对并购使用者决策的作用,目的是帮助正确理解与评价关键审计事项、提高审计师的职业能力。     

仁义礼智信忠孝新论

仁、义、礼、智、信、忠、孝是儒家伦理学中的基本概念，也是中国古代化中的基本概念．本立足于这些概念的字学基础，通过逻辑思辩的方法，试图给它们以新的阐释。     

第一是位置，第二是位置，第三还是位置

工业园区、经济特区在一个国家经济稳步快速发展中发挥着不可忽视的作用，这样的例子比比皆是，越南也不例外。到目前为止，越南国内已经建有154家注册在案的工业园区，多集中在北、中、南重要经济区域内。虽然这些工业园区对越南经济发展贡献巨大，但是，其中许多家正式投入运营多年，园内仍空空如也，只有少数工业园区的使用面积比率和发展速度达到开发商预计的目标。     

跨国农业垄断公司对中国农业产业链的多维渗透及破解思路

近年来,以ABCD四大粮商和孟山都等为主要代表的跨国农业垄断公司加速从资本、技术和服务领域对中国农业产业链进行渗透。在资本方面,跨国农业垄断公司已在中国进行深耕,并开始进入更多细分市场;在技术方面,对核心技术的高效转化和集中掌握使其占据了农业产业链的制高点;在服务方面,对贸易、加工、仓储等服务环节的渗透使其获得了高额利润。中国农业企业是抵御跨国农业垄断公司渗透的根本,但目前中国农业企业的竞争力整体上低于跨国农业垄断公司,未能掌握核心技术、因投资回报率低而不愿深耕农业以及市场机制被扭曲是中国农业企业竞争力不足的主要原因。面对跨国农业垄断公司的多维渗透,中国应加强“监督审查”以构筑农业产业发展安全网,强化“创新引领”以打造农业企业核心竞争力,主动“扎根县域”以厚植农业企业的国内发展根基,积极“乘船出海”以拓展农业企业的全球发展空间,坚持“市场主导”以优化农业企业运营市场环境,进而谋求中国农业企业与跨国农业垄断公司的竞争均势。     

Alliance competence, resources, and alliance success: Conceptualization, measurement, and initial test

This research examines the effect of an alliance competence on resource-based alliance success. The fundamental thesis guiding this research is that an alliance competence contributes to alliance success, both directly and through the acquisition and creation of resources. Using survey data gathered from 145 alliances, empirical tests of the hypotheses provide support for the posited explanation of alliance success. The findings indicate that an alliance competence is not only antecedent to the resources that are necessary for alliance success but also to alliance success itself. C. Jay Lambe (Ph.D., The Darden School at University of Virginia) is an assistant professor of marketing in the Pamplin College of Business at Virginia Tech. For 10 years prior to entering academe, he was engaged in business-to-business marketing for both Xerox and AT&T. His research interests include business-to-business marketing, relationship marketing, marketing strategy, and sales management. He has publications in theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, theJournal of Product Innovation Management, theEuropean Journal of Marketing, theJournal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, theInternational Journal of Management Reviews, theJournal of Business-to-Business Marketing, and theJournal of Relationship Marketing. He also serves as a reviewer for theJournal of Business-to-Business Marketing. Prior to joining the faculty at Virginia Tech, he was one of five Texas Tech University faculty members chosen in 1999 from the entire university for the annual Outstanding Faculty Member Award by the Mortar Board and Omicron Delta Kappa (Texas Tech University student organizations that recognize excellence in teaching). Robert E. Spekman is the Tayloe Murphy Professor of Business Administration at the Darden School at the University of Virginia. He was formerly a professor of marketing and associate director of the Center for Telecommunications at the University of Southern California. He is an internationally recognized authority on business-to-business marketing and strategic alliances. His consulting experiences range from marketing research and competitive analysis, to strategic market planning, supply chain management, channels of distribution design and implementation, and strategic partnering. He has taught in a number of executive programs in the United States, Canada, Latin America, Asia, and Europe. His executive program experience ranges from general marketing strategy, to sales force management, to channels strategy, to creating strategic alliances, to business-to-business marketing strategy, to a number of single-company and senior executive management programs. He has edited and/or written seven books and has authored (coauthored) more than 80 articles and papers. He also serves as a reviewer for a number of marketing and management journals, as well as for the National Science Foundation. Prior to joining the faculty at the University of Southern California, he taught in the College of Business at the University of Maryland, College Park. During his tenure at Maryland, he was granted the Most Distinguished Faculty Award by the MBA students on three separate occasions. Shelby D. Hunt is the J. B. Hoskins and P. W. Horn Professor of Marketing at Texas Tech University, Lubbock. A past editor of theJournal of Marketing (1985–87), he is the author ofModern Marketing Theory: Critical Issues in the Philosophy of Marketing Science (South-Western, 1991) andA General Theory of Competition: Resources, Competences, Productivity, Economic Growth (Sage, 2000). He has written numerous articles on competitive theory, macromarketing, ethics, channels of distribution, philosophy of science, and marketing theory. Three of hisJournal of Marketing articles—“The Nature and Scope of Marketing” (1976), “General Theories and Fundamental Explananda of Marketing” (1983), and “The Comparative Advantage Theory of Competition” (1995) (with Robert M. Morgan)—won the Harold H. Maynard Award for the best article on marketing theory. His 1985Journal of Business Research article with Lawrence B. Chonko, “Ethics and Marketing Management,” received the 2000 Elsevier Science Exceptional Quality and High Scholarly Impact award. His 1989 article, ”Reification and Realism in Marketing: in Defense of Reason,” won theJournal of Macromarketing Charles C. Slater Award. For his contributions to theory and science in marketing, he received the 1986 Paul D. Converse Award from the American Marketing Association, the 1987 Outstanding Marketing Educator Award from the Academy of Marketing Science, and the 1992 American Marketing Association/Richard D. Irwin Distinguished Marketing Educator Award.     

我国服务贸易发展中的问题、成因和对策研究

改革开放以来,我国对外服务贸易取得了快速增长。但由于服务贸易发展的基础不牢、服务产业结构不合理等原因,致使我国的服务贸易发展存在总体发展规模相对滞后、贸易商品集中于传统领域等问题。促进我国服务贸易又好又快发展,需要社会各界,特别是有关政府部门、相关企业及行业协会等各类主体相互配合、共同努力。     

理解凭单制:渊源、机制、模式及运用

凭单制作为政府改革工具,实质是在公共服务中引入市场机制的一种制度安排。它渊源于新自由主义经济学,从消费者角度通过强化其选择权而巧妙植入市场竞争机制。凭单制存在公平导向、效率导向及公平与效率兼顾等不同政策取向及模式。尽管它在公共部门需要一定的运作条件,但能广泛运用于包括食品、住房、医疗、教育、幼儿保健等具有融合特征的"福利物品"提供领域。     

Child labor legislation: effective, benign, both, or neither?

This paper explores the relationship between the state-specific child labor legislation and the decline in child labor that occurred in the US between 1880 and 1900. The existing literature that addresses this question uses a difference-in-difference estimation technique. We contribute to this literature in two ways. First, we argue that this estimation technique can produce misleading results due to (a) the possibility of multiplicity of equilibria and (b) the non-linearity of the underlying econometric model. Second, we develop an empirical strategy to identify the mechanism by which the legislation affected child labor decisions. In particular, besides establishing whether the legislation was effective or not, our analysis may determine whether the legislation constituted a benign policy or not, i.e., whether the legislation constrained the behavior of families (not benign) or whether it changed the labor market to a new equilibrium in which families voluntarily respected the law (benign).     

Materialism, status signaling, and product satisfaction

The consumer satisfaction literature has not, for the mos part, integrated individual values into the product evaluation process. Yet a comprehensive understanding of consumer satisfaction can best be attained by including both consumer and product factors. To demonstrate the usefulness of including individual values, this research focuses on one consumer value, namely, materialism. The authors empirically explore how this individual value is linked to consumers’ evaluations of products they have purchased. Using surveys, the authors collected data from a sample of college students (n=211) and a sample of adults (n=270). Across these two studies, using divergent samples and products, they find consistent evidence that materialism is negatively related to product satisfaction in product categories with high potential for status signaling, but unrelated to product satisfaction in product categories with lower potential for status signaling. The consumption goals that produce these product evaluations are empirically addressed Jeff Wang (jianfeng76@yahoo.com; PhD, City University of Hong Kong) is an assistant professor of marketing in the Faculty of Business at the City University of Hong Kong. This work was conducted when he was a doctoral student of marketing in the Eller College of Management at the University of Arizona. His research interests include social networks and consumer behavior, consumer satisfaction and well-being, materialism and consumption meanings, and consumer interests and public policy issues. His dissertation studies credit card debt as a socially embedded phenomenon and investigates how consumers leverage their interpersonal ties as they accumulate and repay their debt. Melanie Wallendorf (mwallendorf@eller.arizona.edu) is Soldwedel Professor of Marketing in the Eller College of Management at the University of Arizona. She holds an MS in sociology and a PhD in marketing from the University of Pittsburgh. Her articles on the sociocultural aspects of consumption have been published in theJournal of Consumer Research, Journal of Marketing Research, Advertising and Society Review, Addiction, Journal of Macromarketing, andAmerican Behavioral Scientist, among others. Her coauthored article on “The Sacred and Profane in Consumer Behavior” won theJournal of Consumer Research Best Article Award in 1992. Her research has been featured in theWall Street Journal, The Washington Post, The New York Times, American Demographics, andFortune, and has been funded by the Marketing Science Institute, the Arizona Disease Control Research Commission, and the Office of Earth Science at NASA.