人民币汇率走势的实证分析——基于1994-2001年数据的判断

本文以购买力平价理论为基础,以人民币汇率体制改革的1994年为基期,计算分析了人民币汇率的实际走势。研究表明,人民币有效汇率、人民币对美元的名义汇率和实际汇率自1994年以来总体上呈升值态势,但实际汇率升值幅度远大于名义汇率;1997年东南亚金融危机以来,名义汇率和实际汇率变动方向相反,实际汇率呈贬值趋势,体现出国内外价格水平对汇率的影响。     

关于加工贸易、实际汇率与经常账户的分析

考虑我国自然资源相对缺乏、加工贸易快速发展、实行固定汇率制度和强制结售汇制度等基本特征,建立了一个分析我国实际汇率和经常账户问题的计量模型,并对人民币实际汇率与经常账户的关系进行了实证研究。结果表明,我国经常账户持续顺差并非由汇率低估所致,人民币汇率调整难以根本解决经常账户持续顺差问题。资本管制放松、社会保障体系不健全和收入差距逐渐加大是我国1994年以来经常账户持续顺差的主要原因。在我国对外开放程度日益提高的情况下,妥善处理我国的经常账户持续顺差问题应从以下几个方面入手:稳定实际利率、名义汇率升值、加快社会保障体系建设和缩小居民收入差距。     

巴萨效应角度下的人民币升值与通货膨胀并存现象分析

2005年人民币汇率改革之后,人民币汇率经历着持续的升值,与此同时,我国国内物价持续走高,形成了人民币升值与通货膨胀并存的局面.巴拉萨-萨缪尔森效应解释了我国实际汇率变动的原因,实际汇率的变动是二者并存的主要原因.     

人民币实际汇率与贸易收支实证分析

对贸易收支与汇率间的相互作用进行理论分析，并使用计量方法分别对中美、日美间实际汇率与贸易收支差额之间的关系进行实证研究和比较，结果表明，日元升值并未改善日美间贸易差额，而人民币实际汇率与中美间贸易差额也不存在协整关系。因此，调整人民币汇率并不是改善中美贸易差额的有效政策工具，我们应汲取日元升值引致诸多负面作用的教训，保持人民币汇率的稳定。     

人民币汇率升值对我国经济的影响

自2005年7月21日以来,我国开始实行以市场供求为基础,参考一篮子货币进行调节,有管理的浮动汇率制度,人民币汇率持续走高.人民币的升值对中国的经济有着怎样的影响,本文通过从人民币升值的正面效应和负面效应分析这个问题.     

汇率水平与波动程度对外国直接投资的影响研究

本文首先采用外销比例指标,构建理论模型以研究汇率变动对不同类型FDI的影响,然后使用跨国数据进行实证检验,最后对人民币汇率的波动效应进行经验分析。研究表明,当东道国货币升值时,处于技术优势的跨国公司增加对外直接投资;双边实际汇率的波动程度对FDI的影响很弱,这是由于跨国公司采取了有效的汇率风险管理;由于汇率风险是影响外资企业出口的关键因素,实际有效汇率的波动程度对出口导向型FDI的影响较大;人民币升值和扩大人民币汇率的波动区间对市场导向型FDI的影响较弱,却能够显著促进出口导向型FDI。     

汇率水平与波动程度对外国直接投资的影响研究

本文首先采用外销比例指标,构建理论模型以研究汇率变动对不同类型FDI的影响,然后使用跨国数据进行实证检验,最后对人民币汇率的波动效应进行经验分析。研究表明,当东道国货币升值时,处于技术优势的跨国公司增加对外直接投资;双边实际汇率的波动程度对FDI的影响很弱,这是由于跨国公司采取了有效的汇率风险管理;由于汇率风险是影响外资企业出口的关键因素,实际有效汇率的波动程度对出口导向型FDI的影响较大;人民币升值和扩大人民币汇率的波动区间对市场导向型FDI的影响较弱,却能够显著促进出口导向型FDI。     

人民币升值的过程及其影响

人民币汇率改革与人民币升值紧密相关。近来,人民币升值速度加快,升值的预期也再次得到强化;对于人民币汇率的浮动区间及浮动弹性等问题仍然存在着争议。本文通过人民币汇率改革对经济影响的分析,提出了应对策略,并认为人民币大幅升值将不利于我国经济的长期发展。要避免重蹈日元升值的覆辙。     

巴萨效应角度下的人民币升值与通货膨胀并存现象分析

2005年人民币汇率改革之后,人民币汇率经历着持续的升值,与此同时,我国国内物价持续走高,形成了人民币升值与通货膨胀并存的局面。巴拉萨一萨缪尔森效应解释了我国实际汇率变动的原因,实际汇率的变动是二者并存的主要原因。     

人民币升值对我国经济的影响

人民币汇率改革与人民币升值紧密相关。近来．人民币升值速度加快,升值的预期也再次得到强化;对于人民币汇率的浮动区间及浮动弹性等问题仍然存在着争议。本文通过人民币汇率改革对经济影响的分析．提出了应对策略。并认为人民币大幅升值将不利于我国经济的长期发展。要避免重蹈日元升值的覆辙。     

The role of demography in the long-run Yen/USD real exchange rate appreciation

This paper aims to measure the contribution of an aging population to explain the real appreciation experienced by the Yen–US Dollar since 1980s. We develop a two-good overlapping-generation model of a semi-small open economy to highlight the link between the birth rate and the real exchange rate. In a creditor (debtor) country, an aging population causes a real exchange rate appreciation (depreciation) due to a positive (negative) wealth effect. Structural parameters are estimated by GMM using quarterly data between 1960 and 2001. Then, numerical simulations show that the long-run relationship between population growth and real exchange rate is negative between 1960 and 1971 and positive between 1971 and 2000. The decrease in population growth may account for a large part of the real appreciation experienced by the Yen/USD between 1971 and 2000.     

Financial crises,exchange rate linkages and uncovered interest parity: Evidence from G7 markets

This paper examines the dynamic linkages among major exchange rates during the Global Financial Crisis and Eurozone Sovereign Debt Crisis. We extend the previous literature on volatility spillover linkages among the currencies by taking into account the uncovered interest-rate parity hypothesis for 2004–2015. The results indicate that the Canadian Dollar and Great British Pound were affected mainly by the US Dollar across the two crises due to strong financial and economic ties among the three economies, while the Japanese Yen shows evidence of a safe-haven currency. We also provide evidence of varying vulnerability of currencies to both crises, implying increased portfolio diversification benefits, since holding a portfolio with diverse currencies is less subject to systematic risk. These results show that the policy makers need to adopt a stricter form of monetary policy coordination among central banks, since the different vulnerability of currencies across turbulent periods reveals possible non-cooperative monetary policies.     

人民币与欧元、美元、日元之间的汇率联动分析

利用向量自回归模型和多变量GARCH模型,对人民币汇率改革以来人民币、欧元、美元和日元之间的收益溢出效应和波动溢出效应进行了研究。结果显示欧元、美元和日元对人民币存在显著的收益溢出效应和波动溢出效应,但是人民币对其他几种货币的收益溢出效应和波动溢出效应并不显著。研究结果表明,人民币汇率形成机制改革以来,人民币汇率正在融入世界主要货币汇率市场,但是人民币汇率市场尚不成熟,目前我国仍然应该实行有管理的浮动汇率制度。     

Financial flows and economic growth in developing countries

This paper assesses the impact of financial flows and their composition on the real exchange rate and on economic growth for a sample of low- and middle-income countries over the period of 1980–2012. Financial flows can directly support economic growth by relaxing constraints on domestic resources, but can also indirectly weaken growth through appreciation of the real exchange rate. We use the generalized method of moments (GMM) for dynamic panel. Results show that net financial flows affect economic growth both directly and indirectly: (i) a one percent increase in total financial flows appreciates the real exchange rate by 0.5 percent; (ii) the real exchange rate appreciation effect of remittances is twice the effect of aid and ten times greater than the effect of Foreign Direct Investments; (iii) financial flows stimulate economic growth regardless of the development level. An increase of $10 per capita financial flows leads to a gain of 0.08 points of annual growth. This gain amounts to 0.15 when we control for the negative impact of the real exchange rate. Instability of market-oriented flows, such as FDI and portfolio investments, exacerbates instability of the economic growth rate.     

人民币升值的市场压力分析

中国长期以来的经常项目和资本项目双顺差使人民币面临了巨大的升值压力,而中国外汇市场的非市场化没有将这种压力转化为价格的上升。最近两年来,美元的贬值进一步加大了人民币升值的外部压力。中国目前这种汇率形成机制带来了许多弊端,政府应当做的是进一步提高外汇市场的市场化程度,改进人民币汇率的形成机制。     

人民币实际汇率与中国经济增长的关系研究——基于边限检验法的巴拉萨-萨缪尔森效应检验

以Faria和Leon—Ledesma简化的巴拉萨-萨缪尔森模型为基础,运用Pesaran、Shin和Smith的边限检验法实证分析了1980—2007年期间人民币实际汇率与中国经济增长之间是否存在长期稳定关系。研究发现：改革开放以来,中国经济增长并没有伴随着人民币实际汇率的升值,巴拉萨-萨缪尔森效应在中国不成立。产生这一结果的原因在于：对高估的汇率进行贬值是中国经济高速增长的前奏,非市场化的劳动力市场阻断了BS效应中价格传递机制的发生。但是,如果中国经济保持较高的增长率,人民币实际汇率在长期中将经历一个升值过程。     

Overnight exchange rate risk based on multi-quantile and joint-shock CAViaR models

Overnight risk of exchange rate is more and more important because the exchange rate trading time of various countries is inconsistent. Drawing on the multi-quantile CAViaR model for two markets, this study proposes a multi-quantile CAViaR model for three markets and a multi-quantile CAViaR model for joint shock. The two new models are used to measure the impact of the U.S. Dollar index and the Euro on the overnight risk for the exchange rate of the Japanese Yen, Hong Kong Dollar, and Chinese Renminbi. The results show that, first, a lag risk affects the overnight risk of the three exchange rates, of which the Renminbi exchange rate is subject to the largest risk. Second, the U.S. Dollar index and Euro exchange rate risks impact the overnight risk of the three exchange rates and this effect is highest for the overnight risk of the Yen's exchange rate. In addition, the impact of the U.S.Dollar index risk is greater than that of the Euro. Third, the Euro and U.S.Dollar index produce a joint shock on the overnight risk of the three exchange rates, and here, the Yen's exchange rate suffers the biggest shock. Finally, the multi-quantile CAViaR model for joint shock is more accurate than that for three markets, particularly when the Hong Kong Dollar exchange rate has a 5% VaR. These empirical results have meaningful implications for regulatory authorities.     

Structural Change in Current Account and Real Exchange Rate Dynamics: Evidence from the G7 Countries

Previous studies decompose the current account and the real exchange rate into temporary and permanent shocks and argue that a temporary shock creates the combination of a current account surplus (deficit) and real exchange rate depreciation (appreciation). The present paper extends their framework by examining a possible structural break in current account and real exchange rate dynamics. Using G7 country data for 1980–2007, we find structural changes in two‐variable dynamics for all G7 countries during the 1990s. Temporary shocks have not been the main source of fluctuation in the current account since the 1990s. Our empirical results imply that the conventional mechanism has played a limited role in explaining the dynamics of the two variables.     

汇率变动、研发投资与经济增长

关于汇率对经济增长的影响及影响机制研究由来已久,汇率变动可以通过价格效应、利率效应以及财富效应来影响经济增长。除此之外,汇率变动还可以通过研发投资效应影响经济增长：汇率升值将使国内企业的研发投资下降,研发投资的下降使得企业生产的边际成本增加,从而带来国内市场的产出下降以及产品价格的上升,不利于本国经济增长。因此,对于当前正处于升值通道的人民币汇率,如何避免过度升值,最大程度降低升值的负面影响,显得尤其重要。     

Asymmetric impact of monetary surprises on exchange rate

This paper examines the asymmetric response of exchange rate to monetary surprises. After controlling the type, direction and origin of the news as well as business cycle phase, a new asymmetry is found in the response of the exchange rate to news surprises. In specific, the US Dollar depreciates against major currencies as the response to the negative monetary surprises in the 2001 recession, while the Dollar appreciates responding to similar negative monetary surprises during the 2008 recession. The paper further explores possible causes and finds that time-varying status of the currency with higher financial returns may contribute to the new asymmetry.