粮食期货市场对粮食现货市场价格的影响——以玉米为例

本文以蛛网模型为基础,从逻辑上考察粮食期货市场对粮食现货市场价格的影响机理,在此基础上以玉米为例,结合我国玉米“市场化收购+生产者补贴”政策实施前后市场表现进行相应的经验分析。研究结果表明,(1)粮食期货市场能够增加粮食现货市场需求价格弹性和降低供给价格弹性,当粮食期货市场足够发达时,粮食现货市场需求价格弹性大于供给价格弹性,粮食现货市场由“发散型蛛网”转化为“收敛型蛛网”,现货市场价格波动下降并趋于均衡;(2)我国玉米临时收储政策实施期间,玉米期货市场不活跃,难以有效发挥价格引领作用,而玉米“市场化收购+生产者补贴”政策实施后,玉米期货市场活跃度提高,在供给和需求价格弹性共同影响下,玉米现货价格波动幅度下降,玉米期货市场能够稳定现货价格。基于上述研究结果,今后应进一步完善我国粮食现货市场交易体系、丰富粮食期货市场交易品种、建立健全粮食期货市场交易和监管制度等。     

菜籽收储政策不变 上半年菜油市场或震荡筑底

<正>菜油期货价格在春节后两周的震荡筑底,为日后走强打下坚实的基础。接下来,如果加拿大油菜籽期货市场止跌企稳并展开强劲反弹,再加上进口到港菜油价格逐步走高,预计上半年国内菜油期现货市场或将逐步走出低迷。菜籽收储政策不变中央一号文件明确提出,2014年启动东北和内蒙古大豆、新疆棉花目标价格补贴试点,继续执行稻谷、小麦最低收购价政策和玉米、油菜籽、     

市场化改革背景下我国玉米供给反应实证研究基于2008—2019年东北三省省级面板数据

目的 我国玉米供需形势变化需要国内玉米供给适时作出调整,通过分析玉米供给的影响因素及其背后的农户行为,为国家制定政策并引导农户根据市场需求调整玉米种植决策提出建议。方法 文章利用2008—2019年辽宁、吉林、黑龙江三省省级玉米播种面积和出售价格的面板数据,加入替代作物比较效益和取消玉米临时收储政策虚拟变量,基于Nerlove 模型对玉米供给反应进行实证研究。结果 （1）东北地区玉米短期缺乏价格供给弹性,长期则富有弹性;（2）东北地区玉米播种面积短期内具有一定的刚性;（3）玉米与大豆、水稻的比较效益是影响东北地区农户玉米种植决策的重要因素;（4）取消玉米临时收储政策对东北地区玉米播种面积具有显著的负向影响。结论 短期内仅通过市场价格变化调整玉米供给能力有限,还需要一些配套支持政策及时引导农户调整种植决策;取消玉米临时收储政策后要加快建立优质优价机制,引导农户种植适应市场需求的玉米品种从而增加种粮收入;通过加大“两区”政策支持,将土地、资金、设备等生产要素向优势产区集中,提升优势产区产能。     

政策性收储对油料加工企业造成冲击

为了提高农民的收入和农民的种粮积极性,除执行小麦、稻谷等最低收购价政策外,国家从去年10月开始,先后启动了五批粮食临时收储计划,品种涉及玉米、大豆、稻谷、油菜籽等。     

图说十八大以来的粮食流通

正关键词组一供给侧改革粮食收储制度改革进展顺利坚持市场化改革取向与保护农民利益并重,分品种施策、渐进式推进粮食收储制度改革。继续实施并完善小麦、稻谷最低收购价政策,适当下调稻谷最低收购价格水平。2014年调整大豆临时收储政策,实行大豆目标价格改革试点,2017年大豆实行市场化收购     

最低收购价政策能稳定粮食价格波动吗

基于2002—2015年省级面板数据,采用双重差分方法估计了2004年以来实施的粮食最低收购价政策对粮食价格波动的影响。研究结果发现,在分离了供给、需求以及宏观经济因素对粮食价格波动的影响之后,最低收购价政策显著降低了政策执行区省份小麦价格波动率2. 4个百分点,发挥了稳定小麦市场价格的作用。进一步的分析表明,政策的长期效果较短期更为明显。但是,最低收购价政策对稻谷价格波动的稳定作用并不显著。这些结论具有较好的稳健性,对于进一步完善我国粮食最低收购价政策具有参考意义。     

政策性收储对油料加工企业造成冲击

为了提高农民的收入和农民的种粮积极性,除执行小麦、稻谷等最低收购价政策外,国家从去年10月开始,先后启动了五批粮食临时收储计划,品种涉及玉米、大豆、稻谷、油菜籽等.     

农产品定价机制改革破冰

<正>今年,全国范围内取消棉花、大豆临时收储政策,启动目标价格补贴试点——6月25日召开的国务院常务会议确定,在保护农民利益前提下,推动最低收购价、临时收储和农业补贴政策逐步向农产品目标价格制度转变。从大豆和棉花入手,分品种推进补贴试点,当产品市场价格低于目标价格时,补贴农民,保证农民基本收益。今年,我国正式取消棉花、大豆临时收储政策,启动新疆棉花、     

为什么要开展目标价格改革试点

改革开放以来,我国坚持推进农产品市场化改革,陆续放开了大部分农产品价格,2004年全面放开了粮食市场和价格。放开农产品价格后,为保护农民利益,稳定农业生产,2004年以来,国家对主产区稻谷、小麦实行最低收购价政策,2007年以来,先后对主产区玉米、大豆、油菜籽、棉花、食糖等实行临时收储政策。当主产区市场价格低于最低收购价格或临时收储价格时,由国家指定企业直接入市收购,引导市场价格回升。     

从套期保值视角看大豆目标价格政策

<正>2008年国际市场上粮食价格暴跌,为稳定粮食生产,国家开始实施临时收储政策。具体到大豆来说,为保护农民利益,国家在内蒙古自治区、辽宁省、吉林省、黑龙江省实行大豆临时收储政策。近年来,随着国内外市场形势的变化,出于     

最低收购价政策调整对我国粮食安全的影响以稻谷为例

[目的]最低收购价政策实施以来,在稳粮价、促生产、保粮安的同时,也产生了显著的负面影响,探索以市场机制为核心的粮食价格支持政策改革势在必行。[方法]文章以稻谷为例,通过构建局部均衡模型,模拟逐渐下调最低收购价、取消最低收购价、取消最低收购价并大幅增加农业补贴等方案对我国稻谷的产量、总消费、库存和净进口等方面的影响,进而探究最低收购价政策调整对我国粮食安全的影响。[结果]（1）下调稻谷最低收购价,对稻谷市场价格、总产量和总消费的影响较小,而对库存和净进口量的影响较大;（2）取消最低收购价,虽然能大幅度减小国内外差价、库存量和进口量,但短期内也会显著减少稻谷产量,对我国的粮食供给安全带来了巨大冲击;（3）取消稻谷最低收购价,并大幅度提高了农业补贴后,稻谷总产量下降水平明显减少,既解决了托市收购带来的负面影响,也降低了取消托市收购对粮食供给安全的冲击。[结论]最低收购价政策的支持效应显著,为充分保障国内粮食安全,在推行粮食市场化改革时,应首先考虑小幅度下调最低收购价,而不是一次性取消最低收购价政策;同时,要配套相应的补贴政策,优化农业补贴结构,来保障粮农的种植积极性。     

我国粮食市场风险的度量与评估  ———基于风险价值法的实证分析

该文利用风险价值法,以我国小麦、玉米、粳稻、早籼稻、晚籼稻、大豆的市场价格为研究对象,度量了我国粮食市场的风险大小,评估了我国粮食市场风险的发生程度。结果表明:我国粮食市场是一个风险发生频率较高的市场,并且还是一个高风险市场;不同品种粮食市场风险的发生大小有所不同,其中大豆的市场风险值最大,其次为玉米、粳稻、早籼稻、晚籼稻,小麦的市场风险值最小;粮食市场价格下跌风险与市场价格上涨风险的发生频率基本相当,两者同等重要,在重点关注粮食价格上涨风险的同时,更应重视粮食价格下跌所产生的风险。     

Futures markets and price stabilisation: An analysis of soybeans markets in North America

The objective of this paper was to determine whether the futures markets have a stabilising or destabilising impact on soybean's spot prices in North America. Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are used to test for causality between futures prices, spot prices and ending stocks, followed by time series econometric analysis. The DAGs point to the two-way causal link between futures and spot prices and a lack of a causal link between inventory/stocks and spot price volatility. Time series results, including cointegration, vector error correction, impulse response and variance decomposition analysis, indicate a large impact from futures markets on the level and volatility of soybean spot prices in both the short and long run. These results have potentially important implications, as the impact of commodity price volatility is typically asymmetric across different actors. Farmers, for example, unlike speculators, utilise price risk management (PRM) instruments such as futures markets to mitigate price risks and appear to suffer from intensified volatility precisely because of their use of these instruments. Therefore, additional policies to cope with commodity price volatility, such as direct price controls or mitigation of consequences, can have critical stabilising functions supporting farmers' welfare and regional (rural) development.     

Futures Markets and Spot Price Volatility: A Case Study

Futures markets, where they exist, can play a crucial role in determining the storage decision in the underlying spot (physical) market. The futures market acts as a conduit for market information and is a gatherer of agents' expectations about the future prospects for the spot market. As such, it is able to provide both price insurance and price discovery roles, the latter of which generates information for spot market traders and allows them to make rational storage decisions. If this were to be the case, then the efficiency of storage is improved which can potentially lead to a reduction in the volatility of spot prices over the marketing season. The existing literature is ambiguous as to whether futures markets can help spot markets price more efficiently. This paper seeks to examine whether this is the case in the British maincrop potato market by evaluating the volatility of spot prices over the period 1969–96 in a “before-after” analysis of the impact of the introduction of futures trading in 1980. The results suggest that the introduction of the futures market has led to a reduction in price volatility, despite some problems in the operation of the futures market itself.     

U.S. Farm Policy and the Volatility of Commodity Prices and Farm Revenues

A dynamic three-commodity rational-expectations storage model is used to compare the impact of the Federal Agricultural Improvement and Reform (FAIR) Act of 1996 with a free-market policy, and with pre-FAIR policies. Results suggest that FAIR did not lead to significant increases in long-run price volatility or revenue volatility. The main impact of pre-FAIR, relative to the free-market regime, was to substitute government storage for private storage in a way that did little to support prices or to stabilize farm incomes. Results also indicate that U.S. grain market volatility in 1995–2000 was due to fundamental market forces and not to FAIR.     

Destabilizing role of futures markets on North American hard red spring wheat spot prices

The objective of the paper is to determine if the futures prices of hard red spring wheat (HRSW) have stabilizing or destabilizing impact on spot HRSW price in North America. Several important results emerge from thorough empirical analysis. First, both Granger causality tests and directed acyclic graph algorithms (DAGs) point to two-way causality between futures and spot HRSW prices and thus endogeneity in both prices formation. To the contrary, both procedures suggest that ending stocks are exogenous to spot and futures HRSW prices. Both vector error correction model and impulse response functions point to a large and long-lasting impact of a shock to futures price on spot price level. Finally, variance decomposition analysis indicates that futures prices are responsible for the bulk of spot price volatility in both short and long run. Our result is consistent with those of theoretical models suggesting that when production (supply side) is the dominant disturbance, spot price is destabilized in both the short and the long run by futures prices. An important implication of this research is the need for alternative market mechanisms or alternative farm policy measures that would mitigate price risk and ensure sustainable farming of American HRSW farmers.     

新一轮国际粮食价格上涨：原因及对中国市场的影响

[目的]随着中国粮食进口不断增加,国内外市场联系越来越紧密。2020年下半年以来,国际市场粮食价格快速上涨,对国内粮食市场产生一定影响,分析国际市场价格上涨的原因和影响对确保国内粮食供应稳定、保障国家粮食安全具有重要意义。[方法]文章分析了2019年以来小麦、大米、玉米、大豆4种粮食产品的国内外价格走势,从供需状况、贸易政策、气候变化等因素分析国际市场价格波动的原因,并探讨了国际价格对国内价格的影响。[结果]当前全球主要粮食品种供应充足,库存仍处于较高水平,此轮国际粮食价格上涨主要是受到美国等发达国家宽松的货币政策以及疫情后全球消费逐步回暖的影响;但国际市场价格上涨对中国市场的影响总体有限,国内小麦、大米、玉米价格上涨的主因是国内消费回暖和生猪产能恢复带动的饲用需求快速增长,油用大豆受国际市场的影响较大。[结论]为稳定国内粮食市场,避免国际市场的冲击,中国要进一步提升粮食综合生产能力,强化科技支撑,加强粮食储备管理,健全政策支持体系,并引导居民建立科学的消费观念。     

中国粮食价格支持的政策优化与未来走向*——基于美国指控中国粮食价格支持过度的分析

[目的]分析2015年美国DTB联合公司(DTB Associates,LLP)针对中国粮食(仅包括小麦、大米和玉米)的价格支持力度过度的指控是否合理,并明确我国实际的粮食市场价格支持情况。[方法]文章根据市场价格支持水平的基本计算公式以及我国向WTO的通报文件和公开资料,对2013/2014年度我国小麦、大米和玉米的实际市场价格支持水平进行了重新测算,并将测算结果与指控内容进行了对比分析和讨论。[结果]测算结果表明,2013/2014年度,我国对小麦、大米和玉米的实际市场价格支持水平分别为168亿元、-221亿元和36亿元,远远低于DTB联合公司的公布结果。[结论]美国DTB联合公司对我国粮食市场价格支持过度的指控不实,主要是指标选取有误和数据选取不合理导致了其对我国粮食价格支持力度过高的判断。为从容应对以后可能面临的国际指控和调查,我国需要在支持手段、支持领域等方面进一步优化粮食市场价格支持政策。     

Information-rich wheat markets in the early days of COVID-19

This paper uses the information implicit in commodity futures and options prices to infer market beliefs about the impact of early-stages COVID-19 on commodity market fundamentals. The particular commodity examined is soft red winter (SRW) wheat, and the timeframe is early February to late March 2020. The analysis highlights various adjustments in the cash and futures price of SRW wheat in light of surging short-run demand from consumer hoarding of staple food products, and a weakening long-run market from growing wheat stocks and an emerging global recession. This split is causing the forward curve to flatten and basis levels to invert. The change over time in the price of options on wheat futures reveals increased price volatility in response to growing uncertainty about the COVID-19 impacts. Similarly, changes in the skewness of the option's volatility smile illustrate a shift in traders’ perception about risk in the right versus left tail of the price distribution.