城市规划中的公众参与——以南昌为例

本文概述了国外公众参与的主要理论和国内公众参与的现状 ,以南昌市在城市规划展示中引发的公众参与为例 ,探讨了公众参与的方法和途径     

环境影响评价中公众参与有效性研究

文章在介绍环境影响评价中公众参与内涵的基础上,阐述了体现公众参与有效性遵循的原则和公众参与环评的内容,并对提高公众参与有效性的方法进行了探讨,由此得出,提高公众的代表性、选择有效的调查方法、采取有效的参与形式、设计科学的调查内容、增强统计方法的有效性、合理公正地处理反馈意见,才能真正发挥公众参与在环境影响评价中的有效性。     

The influence of financial participation and participation in decision-making on employee job attitudes

This study investigates the direct and indirect effects of financial participation (FP) and participation in decision-making (PDM) on employee job attitudes. The central premise is that both financial participation and participation in decision-making have effects on job attitudes, such as integration, involvement and commitment, perceived pay equity, performance-reward contingencies, satisfaction and motivation. After reviewing the theoretical and empirical literature and testing two theoretical frameworks, developed by Long (1978a) and Florkowski (1989), a new model was constructed to consider a combined effects of both FP and PDM, herein referred to as employee participation (EP). The underpinning of the model is based on the assumption that both (a) the combination of financial participation and participation in decision-making (‘employee participation’), and (b) participation in decision-making produce favourable effects on employee job attitudes. The test of the new model showed that employee participation does not produce more favourable effects on employee job attitudes, than does participation in decision-making on its own. The data were gathered from a questionnaire study administered in a large British retail organization that operates two types of ownership schemes – profit-sharing and SAYE schemes.     

Equilibrium participation in public goods allocations

We consider a notion of voluntary participation for mechanism design in public goods economies in which mechanisms select public goods allocations and individuals then choose whether or not to submit their requested transfer to the central planner. The set of allocations that are robust to non-participation is shown to be sub-optimal in a wide variety of environments and may shrink to the endowment as the economy is replicated. When agents become small as the economy becomes large, any non-trivial mechanism suffers from non-participation when agents cannot be coerced to contribute.     

城市规划公众参与系统结构及运行机制

针对城市规划中的公众参与问题,首先阐述了公众参与对提升城市规划品质、构建现代和谐城市的重要意义,并就目前我国城市规划公众参与现状与存在的问题进行了分析,认为城市规划中公众参与体系主要受经济发展水平、法制体系健全程度及民众整体文化素质等因素的影响,其内部系统可分为实体子系统、制度子系统和公众意识子系统.三个子系统之间的关系是:实体子系统是根本,制度子系统是关键,公众意识子系统则既是实体子系统、制度子系统的共同结果,又会对它们产生制约或促进作用;根据其运行机制,提出了我国城市规划中公众参与具有可操作性的运行程序,并提出了相应的保障措施.     

Entrepreneurial intervention in electronic markets: the influence of customer participation

In electronic markets, web 2.0 is emerging in a disruptive way. In this work we conceptualize web 2.0, identifying all its functionalities and firm applications. We describe technological and social changes that should brought in the firm to take benefit of the advantages of the web 2.0, as well as its relationship with knowledge management. We explain how knowledge transfer in the firm can create value through web 2.0 applications. Finally we develop a model who relates the web 2.0 and its potential to create value in the firm, adapting Amit and Zott (Strategic Management Journal 22: 493–520, 2001)’s dimensions to the web 2.0 particular case.     

论我国城市规划的公众参与

以西方国家城市规划的公众参与理论发展与实践活动为背景,就我国城市规划公众参与的现状与问题,对公众参与的法的依据与保障、公众参与主体、公众参与的社会化功效、公众参与模式等方面进行了分析与探讨.     

城市公共产品供给决策中的公众参与

实现城市公共产品的有效供给,为城市发展提供良好的基础条件,是提升城市综合发展能力的关键所在。由于缺乏系统完善的公众参与机制,在城市公共产品供给决策领域,存在着公众参与层次较低、公众参与失灵等问题。城市公共产品供给决策中公众参与的作用能否得到实现,离不开公众参与子机制作用的有效发挥。实现城市公共产品供给决策过程和实现过程与公众参与的系统整合,以此构建城市公共产品供给决策中公众参与机制的运作模型。     

利率调整如何影响公司投资——基于上市公司数据研究的发现

本文以沪深两市1999年到2006年制造行业上市公司的面板数据为基础,研究了制造企业投资率与政府政策利率之间的关系.研究发现,公司投资率与公司债务利率负相关,公司债务利率与政府政策利率正相关.这说明我国上市公司投资率与政府政策利率之间的关系适合凯恩斯学派理论,而麦金农和肖的"金融抑制"和"金融深化"理论对我国上市公司投资不适用.     

关于城市规划公众参与的反思及机制构建

城市规划作为一项公共政策,公众参与是实现其价值取向的重要方式。在公众参与制度的建设过程中,随着城市化的推进、社会经济体制的转型、市民社会的兴起,公众参与制度也面临着新的挑战和困境。以效率与公平为分析视角,探讨在《城乡规划法》颁布之后,城市规划编制的公众参与制度的建设问题。基于西方公共管理理论,认为提高公众参与的有效性,是平衡与缓解城市规划中的效率与公平矛盾、改善城市规划编制与决策绩效的有效途径,并从工作程序、工作方式、组织保障机制等方面提出了具体策略。     

公民参与对公共利益界定的价值

公共利益的实体界定是难以实现的,为此从程序上对公共利益进行界定成为必要的选择。公民参与对公共利益的界定,符合现代民主理论与实践的要求,并有利于各方对公共利益的接受、实现实质法治、控制行政裁量权。为实现公民参与对公共利益的界定,有必要进行制度上的建构及作出合理的限制。     

The experience of EMAS in three European countries: a cultural and competitive analysis

EMAS, the European Eco‐Management and Audit Scheme, has been open for participation for six years now. Looking at registrations per country, a concentration of registrations in northern European countries is evident. The first part of this article investigates potential reasons by applying two popular models. Geert Hofstede's four cultural dimensions are used to explain favourable or unfavourable conditions for EMAS in a country. Michael E. Porter's national diamond is used to investigate determinants for national competitiveness and their influence on environmental management. These two frameworks are applied to Germany as a benchmark and France and Spain as representatives of southern European countries. In the second part of the article conclusions are drawn from this investigation on the influence of national culture, conditions and incentives for EMAS in these countries. Lastly actions for increased participation in EMAS of southern European countries are presented. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment     

衡量上市公司信息披露程度研究综述

在对近半个世纪以来(1961-2008)国内外相关文献研究的基础上,文章着重论述了西方国家研究者所采用的衡量上市公司信息披露程度的研究方法,分析了区分自愿性、强制性或混合性披露的研究选择、衡量披露程度的指数构造以及对披露指数的加权(或不加权)与赋值处理等,归纳了有关衡量上市公司信息披露程度的研究在内容、范围和数据来源等方面的发展态势以及未来可能的研究方向。     

影响公共参与强度的主体性因素分析

作为民主理念的现实体现,公共参与的强度、范围和真实性在宏观上受国家市场经济发展和公民社会成熟程度的直接影响,在个体层面则与公民的社会经济地位、受教育程度等因素密切相关,这一结论对于宏大社会历史发展的过程显示出强大的理论解释力。但不可否认的是,公共参与是一个时间性和空间性很强的理论课题,尤其在微观层面,在相同的历史时段与相同的经济背景下,影响公共参与强度的因素呈现出多角度、多层面的复杂性特征。管理者和公众对公共参与本质的不同理解,对公共参与功能的多种期待,对其自身掌控政策能力的预期,以及不同治理主体之间的复杂关系等,都会对治理过程中公共参与的强度和效果产生直接而深刻的影响。     

Fundamental impossibility theorems on voluntary participation in the provision of non-excludable public goods

Groves and Ledyard (Econometrica 45:783–809, 1977) constructed a mechanism attaining Pareto efficient allocations in the presence of public goods. After this path-breaking paper, many mechanisms have been proposed to attain desirable allocations with public goods. Thus, economists have thought that the free-rider problem is solved, in theory. Our view to this problem is not so optimistic. Rather, we propose fundamental impossibility theorems with public goods. In the previous mechanism design, it was implicitly assumed that every agent must participate in the mechanism that the designer provides. This approach neglects one of the basic features of public goods: non-excludability. We explicitly incorporate non-excludability and then show that it is impossible to construct a mechanism in which every agent has an incentive to participate.     

公共事务治理中的公民参与——以广东“无假药社区”建设为例

地方公共事务治理越来越离不开公民积极有效地参与。通过对广东省"无假药社区"建设的调查发现,公民参与公共事务治理的意识在不断增强,同时也面临着参与渠道狭窄、参与方式被动、参与内容单一和效能感不高等突出问题。因此,培养公民参与公共事务治理的意识和能力,完善公民参与公共事务治理的渠道与环境,创新公民参与公共事务治理的制度和机制,是提升地方公共事务治理绩效的重要课题和必然路径。     

劳资和谐对公营事业民营化推动的影响

文章主要论述了劳资和谐对公营事业民营化推动的影响,通过对台湾地区中钢公司资深员工的深入调查,并经调查资料分析,证明中钢公司民营化顺利原因主要在于劳资和谐,而且中钢公司民营化最重要的做法是保障员工的权益,最后文章提出可行性建议,供有关单位及人员参考。     

The influence of poll results on public opinion: Examining the personal consequences of the poll topic

A laboratory experiment examined the effect of reporting poll results on opinions regarding a legislative proposal affecting higher education. The results indicated that exposure to poll results was more likely to change opinions when the proposal had few personal consequences, and when the majority position in the polls was counter to the opinions held by most subjects. Under these conditions, a ‘bandwagon effect’ resulted wherein subjects tended to switch to the majority position reported in the polls. However, when the personal consequences of the proposal were substantial, and/or the majority position was consistent with the views of most subjects, poll results had little or no impact on opinions. These results suggest that, in certain circumstances, reported poll results are viewed as an acceptable basis for opinions on government policies, and that governments can use poll results strategically to sway the opinions of voters - especially voters who are relatively unaffected by the policy.     

公民参与之热情与愿望调查——以扬州市为例

通过对扬州市为民办实事项目社会评价调查资料的分析发现,缺少公民参与的决策项目往往与公民的真实愿望存在明显的差距,导致社会满意度偏低,现代社会公民有较高的参与社会公共事务决策的热情和愿望,社会性别差异是政府决策时不能忽视的重要因素。因此,政府要进行制度创新,珍视民众的参与热情,提高自身的执政能力,重视性别差异对公共需求的影响。     

上市公司信息透明度对股票流动性的影响——来自深市上市公司2004～2006年的经验证据

研究我国上市公司信息透明度与股票流动性的关系,对促进监管部门完善信息披露政策、加强监管和促进上市公司努力提高信息透明度具有积极意义.实证研究表明,上市公司信息透明度的提高可以增强股票的流动性,对减少投资者投机行为、持续稳定发展资本市场具有积极作用;深交所的信息披露考评工作是有成效的,上交所也应该披露此类信息披露考评结果,同时应该进一步完善信息披露考评体系,使考评结果更加科学化.