区域形成机制、区域合作秩序与区域协调的基础

推进区域经济与社会的协调发展，是新世纪中国政府的重大方略。但是，与其他国家相比，作为一个地区间经济发展极不平衡的大国，尤其是处在计划经济体制向市场经济的转型阶段，中国的区域协调发展问题显得更为复杂和重要，也一直是社会经济发展面临的难题，同时还是一个国家管理体制的演化问题。只有通过国家管理制度改革，形成区域合作机制，促使资源要素的流动和合理配置，克服行政区划对资源配置效率的负面影响，推动政府职能的转变，才能有效推追区域间经济社会的协调发展。     

SOUTH AFRICA AND THE NEW PARTNERSHIP FOR AFRICA'S DEVELOPMENT: ECONOMIC SPIN-OFFS AND LINKAGES

The New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) is a concerted effort by Africa's political leaders to develop a comprehensive and integrated strategic policy framework to raise current levels of socio‐economic development and reduce high levels of poverty across the African continent. The NEPAD framework recognises the need for African countries to pool their resources together in order to enhance regional development and economic integration. To this end, NEPAD emphasises capacity building and also seeks to solicit and disburse funds towards infrastructural development programmes and poverty alleviation projects, among others. South Africa's involvement with the rest of Africa has increased significantly since 1994. Trade exports, foreign direct investment (both market and resource‐seeking in nature) and public‐private partnerships have mushroomed in many parts of the continent. Many South African firms are providing the financial impetus for the infrastructural development and rehabilitation of African economies. This paper discusses salient economic linkages between South Africa and the rest of Africa within the framework of NEPAD. South Africa is the economic hub of sub‐Saharan Africa (and indeed of the African continent), with significant agricultural, manufacturing and services capacity. South African firms have invested in the development of a number of sectors in the rest of Africa, taking advantage of the new investment incentives offered by the NEPAD framework. The target sectors range from mining, the hospitality industry, engineering and construction, finance to telecommunications. These investments and economic involvements are crucial to the development of African countries and the relevant sectors that are important for the realisation of some of the objectives of NEPAD.     

SDIs: Infrastructure,agglomeration and the region in industrial policy

This article reports on the initial findings of an Industrial Strategy Project Research Programme on a key current element of national industrial policy, namely Spatial Development Initiatives (SDIs). The ISP Research Programme is concerned with industrial investment. The operational industrial SDIs are examined against the backdrops of the pattern of contemporary industrial location in South Africa and the emergence of a regional industrial policy for the country; the long‐run experience with SDI‐type programmes internationally and in South Africa; and directions in current regional industrial development theory and practice, particularly those interventions aimed at strengthening the economies associated with regional/sectoral clusters or agglomerations typically embedded in metropolitan locations. The preliminary findings of research commissioned on long‐run industrial development in Richards Bay, and the current SDI processes under way in the Fish River SDI (Eastern Cape) and the West Coast SDI (Western Cape) are then presented These findings demonstrate that for the SDIs to meet their intentions in terms of maximising inward investment, creating jobs and catalysing durable regional economic development, the large opportunity present to use SDI processes to build the capacity and social infrastructure for economic development at local and regional level on — and between — both public and private sector sides should be grasped. To this end, it is also suggested that SDIs be closely linked to other government industrial promotion and support activities, notably the cluster initiatives and SMME support programmes, both of which may themselves need, at this point, far clearer regional focus.     

资源约束条件下中国区域经济的发展路径研究

在经济可持续发展的过程中,世界各国或地区经济的发展都受资源约束影响,中国在经济发展的过程中,同样遇到了资源约束瓶颈,而且问题越来越严重。本文在阐述区域经济发展中面临的资源约束现象的基础上,对中国的资源约束问题做出基本判断,重点剖析资源结构约束和资源存量约束条件下区域经济发展的路径选择问题。     

Thinking regionally: Aviation and development implications in the Karoo region,South Africa

This study focuses on regional economic development in South Africa, across provincial political jurisdictions. The article argues that remote hinterlands can be more usefully understood as forming an integrated whole, rather than functioning as the poor rural cousins of their provincial metropoles. This article considers three propositions: that key transport projects (such as airports) may unlock regional development; that this may stimulate regional spatial integration; and that this may spur the South African government to address its weak regional planning system. All three propositions are speculative, drawn from the international literature, but they contribute to an argument for greater spatial coherence in South African planning in rural regions. The argument is illustrated with reference to the Karoo region of South Africa, and the potential of a new airport to impact on regional economic dynamics. Furthermore, the article argues that such impacts will require new regional planning systems, which are currently absent from the South African political system.     

粤港澳大湾区绿色经济合作效率研究

区域协调发展战略是国家重大战略之一,粤港澳大湾区是践行区域协同发展战略进而引领全国高质量发展的重大空间载体。为了探究粤港澳大湾区内城市间合作潜力,文章基于各城市的政府工作报告,整理并提取可能的合作组合,借鉴Bogetoft and Wang(2005)提出的DEA合并效率测量方法,以“事前”评价角度对粤港澳大湾区城市的绿色经济合作效率及其分解效率进行测算。结果显示,从整体层面看,大部分城市合作组合都是技术效率和协同效率提升,但规模效率下降;合作效率提升主要是由技术效率带动的,合作效率下降则主要是由规模效率导致的。从个体层面看,珠海和江门,珠海、江门和中山,珠海和中山等组合的合作潜力被看好;合作效率提升最多的前10种资源流动路径的样本城市大部分是综合实力略微靠后的城市,这说明综合实力较弱的城市的合作潜力可能较大;合作潜力较高的组合基本都是双边合作,说明双边合作的获益潜力更大。将样本城市进行分类研究,一类是在资源流动前已处于技术边界的样本城市,另一类是在资源流动前处于技术边界以下的样本城市,结果和上述分析一致。研究表明,城市间合作问题纷繁复杂,涉及政治、经济等多方面因素,各城市本身发展存在...     

Profitability and factory-based cotton gin production in the antebellum south

Before 1820 Northern mechanics started factory-based cotton gin manufacturing to compete with traditional Southern “ginwrights.” Later, cotton gin production in factories was transferred to the South. This paper estimates the profitability of cotton gin makers in the antebellum industrial census. The Southern sector was more profitable than that of the North, explaining the regional migration of machine production resources. Besides transport cost protection, Southern firms had a cost advantage in sales and service networks. Specific factor investments in gin making limited further resource flows from North to South after 1840. It also reduced the industry’s impact on Southern economic development.     

Building a World Class Region: Regional Strategy in the South East of England

The South East of England sits uncomfortably within the English regional project. Public support for regional government is relatively low and political appetite for a debate on its future is limited. We argue that the South East poses a problem for English regionalism. The incorporation of this economic heartland is imperative if the project it is not only to be associated with economic development and regeneration in more deprived areas. However, the South East is fragmented and fraught with tensions that institutions of regional governance cannot easily overcome. In particular this relates to the highly differential economic trajectories of different economic sub-regions and to the institutional separation of the South East from London. The future of regional government in the South East of England and the role that the region plays in the wider English regional project remain highly uncertain.     

Conflict resolution and the deregulation of the South African transport sector

Transportation policy has achieved increasing recognition as a key variable influencing the development process in Southern Africa. The present paper explores the way in which the South African Transport Services have been forced to pursue two largely conflicting goals, namely to function as a commercial organisation while simultaneously obligated to further the economic and political objectives of public policy. It is argued that carefully planned deregulation provides a solution to the current impasse if certain preconditions for equal intermodal competition are established. The impact of such a policy of planned deregulation on industrial decentralisation and economic efficiency is examined, and an integrated approach is proposed to minimise any adverse effects on development.     

Water,energy and sustainable economic development in South Africa

The interaction between macroeconomics and sustainable development is important to all countries. This relationship is of particular concern to developing countries where the economic and natural resource bases are often more closely intertwined than in industrialised nations. A research programme for investigating these issues in South Africa was initiated by the Macroeconomics Programme Office of the World Wide Fund for Nature (Washington, DC, USA), funded with a grant from GTZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit). It was carried out by a number of local research teams under the guidance of a broad steering committee and under the management of the Development Bank of Southern Africa. For the purposes of a manageable research project, two areas were selected where the South African economy and environment strongly interact - water and energy - together with a number of important economic sectors that use water and energy as key inputs in their production processes. The research examined macroeconomic and environmental interactions in these complexes of sectors, with particular emphasis on the effects of changing pricing and regulatory regimes for water and energy. This article presents and discusses first the analytical framework, followed by the results in each sector, and closes with some general policy conclusions with regard to the macroeconomy and the environment.     

北京市南窖沟域产业转型发展路径研究

创新沟域经济建设模式,对资源型地区实现经济顺利转型和发展具有重要意义。本文通过对房山区南窖沟域深入调研,总结并阐述了在煤矿产业退出后,该沟域通过科技创新助力,构筑产业基础;依靠文化创意推动,培育产业融合关键节点;实施生态工程带动,优化人居环境及调动内外因素积极性,推动区域经济转型,实现了沟域经济发展和农民增收。尽管如此,南窖沟域面临经济下滑趋势、环境和基础设施薄弱、历史遗留事件未能有效解决等问题。应继续加大财政转移的支付力度、动员社会力量参与经济建设、巩固农业基础产业、强化政府服务职能,以促进沟域健康可持续发展。     

“南太行”区域旅游资源整合研究

旅游资源的整合是在市场新形势下旅游资源开发的一种新模式,它是塑造区域旅游新形象、提高区域旅游知名度、提升区域旅游品牌形象的重要途径。本文通过对"南太行"旅游区旅游资源开发现状的评价分析,提出旅游资源整合模式,从而促进南太行旅游区的全面发展。     

卫生均等化对居民健康和经济增长的影响——基于江苏面板数据的实证研究

文章将卫生服务均等化多维结构因素引入人力资本分析框架,构建2000-2012年江苏区域面板协整模型,考察财政卫生投入均等化、卫生资源配置均等化因素对居民健康及经济增长的影响。结果显示:考察期间江苏卫生均等化水平对区域发展存在短期长期差异性效应:从短期看,江苏区域卫生均等化尤其是卫生投入均等化发展水平有所改善,对民众健康发展与区域经济增长发挥了一定的促进作用;从长期看,江苏卫生领域暴露出总体投入不足、资源配置结构性失衡、服务与市场竞争意识不强以及卫生人才战略滞后等问题,制约了江苏长期卫生均等化水平的提升发展以及对区域居民健康及经济增长的长效促进。     

Satellite and resource accounting as tools for tourism planning in southern Africa

The potential for improvements to tourism planning through development of tourism satellite accounts (TSAs) to measure economic activity, and tourism asset resource accounts (TARAs) to measure the natural asset base, was studied in southern Africa. It was concluded that economic efficiency in tourism development would be enhanced if all the countries pursue plans to develop TSA, TARA and economic models for tourism planning. Basic TSA, including consumption, production, supply and use, employment and capital tables are required. TSA development should take place step by step, with specific data collection surveys and agreements between the stakeholders. Surveys should be focused on both tourists and the suppliers of tourism products, and should be carried out by central tourism agencies in collaboration with national accounting agencies. TARAs should involve both physical accounts for specific resources, such as water or wildlife, as well as land accounts for general tourism activity and potential. TSAs and TARAs should be integrated with input-output/social accounting matrix modelling tools. Countries should match the rigour of their TSA and TARA development with their anticipated capacity for analysis and planning. Donors could assist in the process, especially in a regional context.     

技术效率、技术进步与食品业区域专业化生产

基于2004-2010年省际面板数据,运用DEA-Malmquist指数法测算了我国食品业三个子行业的TFP及其分解指标,并实证研究了效率改善、技术进步以及资源禀赋对于食品业区域专业化生产的影响。研究结果显示,食品业三个子行业都实现了集约型增长,全要素生产率增长主要依靠技术进步贡献,农副食品业TFP增长明显落后于食品制造业和饮料制造业。东北部和西部的TFP增长要优于东部和中部。TFP增长对于食品业区域专业化生产有正面促进作用,效率改善作用强于技术进步作用,农业资源和劳动力成本等资源禀赋因素也是食品业专业化生产区域形成的重要影响因素。     

市场化、南北差距及其根源——基于作物性质的政治经济学考察

中国经济发展的区域差异及其根源，一直备受学界关注。其中，市场化发育的区域差异是解释经济发展差距的重要线索。然而，市场发育区域差异的生成根源却未能得到恰当的处理与阐释。文章试图从作物性质的政治经济学维度，构建"政府管制-作物性质-逃避策略"的逻辑框架，探讨区域经济发展差距背后市场发育的决定机理。文章认为，如果将市场化进程视为政府管制放松的过程，那么管制放松就可以区分为主动管制放松与被动管制放松。由可实施逃避策略所决定的被动管制放松及其所触发的市场化进程往往具有不可逆性。由此，逃避策略选择的区域差异性，将导致区域市场化发育程度的不同进而带来经济增长的差异。基于全国1997-2016年面板数据的实证分析表明：由"无政府主义"的作物种植所表达的管制逃避策略，能够显著促进市场化的发育程度；作物种植差异及其所蕴含的种植文化特性，共同决定了南北市场化差异；源于2013年全面开展的农地确权，进一步强化"南强北弱"的管制逃避，导致南北经济差异不断扩大。本研究有助于为中国区域经济增长差异提供新的洞见，从而为缓解不平衡不充分发展问题并推进中国区域经济的协调发展提供政策依据。     

区域公共管理视角下“泛珠三角”政府合作探析

文章论述了区域公共管理内涵及其作用,结合实际分析了"泛珠三角"区域经济发展中区域公共管理面临的挑战,最后提出了"泛珠三角"区域公共管理创新建议。     

An integrated planning model for investment in urban infrastructure and pricing municipal services

This viewpoint proposes an iterative, cyclical and incremental model for preparing and pricing a capital investment programme and budget for municipal infrastructure services. South African towns and cities are used as case‐studies. The model links capital investment, operation and maintenance (supply) to the prices offered or paid by the beneficiaries (demand). Ignoring the conventional framework for the development of an area, this viewpoint concentrates on how capital investment for municipal infrastructure services could be planned and programmed and prices or tariffs determined. Given that socio‐economic trends in most municipalities in South Africa are unpredictable, short‐ to medium‐term capital investment planning is emphasised.     

The case for social security in South Africa: An economic perspective

Sound economic arguments exist for social security in a market system, since it can promote efficiency and equity. Furthermore, social security can reduce the risks of economic insecurities caused by unemployment, poverty and the new international economic environment to individuals and society. For a developing country, South Africa has a relatively well-developed social security system. However, it cannot address all the needs without major fiscal adjustments. The most viable approach may be to target only the most vulnerable groups, although such an approach may be criticised from an equity perspective. An important limitation of the South African social security system is that many unemployed individuals go without coverage, which may contribute towards instability. It may be necessary to revisit public works programmes in conjunction with the private sector.     

税收结构、政府支出与经济增长

本文构建包含税收结构和政府支出的内生增长理论模型,运用我国1998-2017年31个省市自治区数据,通过固定效用面板数据模型,研究税收结构与在预算平衡下政府支出对长期经济增长影响,并详细分析了东中西部地区间的差异。主要结论有:1.将增值税纳入理论模型之中,研究发现,税收对长期经济增长没有影响,政府支出用于提供公共技术品时会有长期增长效应。2.在满足预算约束平衡时,虽然税收对长期经济增长没有影响,但税制结构具有配置效应。3.不同税种对东中西三个区域具有差异性,需要通过制定合理的税制结构政策来促进区域的经济发展。