Treatment of Fixed Capital in the Sraffian Framework and in the Theory of Dynamic Input–Output Models

This paper is concerned with a comparison of the treatment of fixed capital in some multi-sectoral models. First, the dynamic Leontief model is investigated. Scrutiny shows that this model suffers from conceptual misconceptions which result from restrictive assumptions concerning full-capacity production and the transferability of capital in place, and from the definition of technical coefficients. Whereas most input–output (IO) models are based on the assumption of infinite life of fixed capital, the Sraffian concept is to treat used fixed capital items as ‘intermediate’ goods, which appear as joint products until they are worn out. To compare that approach with some IO models, an application of the concept of a ‘plant’ is provided. Finally, it is demonstrated that Leontief's model, as well as some recent generalizations, are special cases of a Sraffa-von Neumann type of model.     

利用线性规划优化企业竞争模拟实践课程中的生产计划

在企业经营模拟相关课程中,生产计划是该课程的重要环节之一。生产计划的安排直接影响经营结果,其本质是在既定目标下,实现人力,物力和财力的优化配置。文中将通过理论结合案例的形式,详细解释利用线性规划模型来优化模拟经营状况下的生产计划,以达到帮助学生将理论知识用于实践的作用。     

基于线性规划的生产计划优化研究

根据企业各种资源的限制，利用线性规划方法建立生产排产计划数学模型，通过解模型对企业生产做出最优化的安排，使企业利润最火化。     

对西方经济学中生产理论下厂商总收益最大化问题的探讨及思考

西方经济学按照研究对象不同分为微观和宏观经济学,并且认为微观经济学是宏观经济学的基础。但是在具体的内容安排上又把其严格分为两部分,两部分基本保持独立,内容上基本没有关系。例如:在生产理论中,只研究单个厂商的总收益最大化条件(资源利用问题),而没有同时联系宏观经济学考虑资源配置问题和联系消费者行为理论考虑消费者的效用最大化问题以及联系商品价格弹性问题考虑厂商的价格决策。本文拟就此问题作以探讨。     

基于精益生产的物流系统应用研究

在分析精益生产与物流系统关系基础上,从实施应用角度对精益生产物流系统目标、结构和功能进行研究,结合案例说明精益生产物流系统的作业管理实施过程,总结了典型的精益生产物流运作过程,从一个侧面诠释精益生产,对精益生产的应用和研究有很好的启示意义。     

理实一体化模式在发酵生产设备的运行与维护教学中的应用

"理实一体化"教学作为高职院校专业课教学的一种新型的教学模式,在教学场地、授课教师、教学方式、课堂管理、考核方式等方面都与传统教学模式有所不同,本文就以《发酵生产设备的运行与维护》课程教学为例,来探讨理实一体化教学过程中需要注意的一些问题。     

Production,Prices and Time: A Comparison of Some Alternative Concepts

This paper compares alternative concepts of production and prices with a special emphasis on time. First, it is demonstrated that the point-input point-output representation of processes used in von Neumann-Sraffa models is not restrictive and can be derived from general flow-input flow-output processes. Second, the concept of long-period positions, which can be traced back to the work of the classical authors, is discussed. Third, the von Neumann-Sraffa approach is compared with the neo-Austrian model and the flow-fund model developed by Hicks and Georgescu-Roegen respectively. It turns out that these latter two models are, at best, a special case of the former. Finally, some problems and intricacies concerning observable input-output coefficients are discussed and, as an alternative, a possibly applicable method to determine coefficients for general flow-input flow-output processes is presented.     

基于证据理论的建筑企业安全生产事故应急管理能力评价

建筑企业安全生产事故时有发生。为了完善生产事故应急管理体系,利用证据理论对应急管理能力进行能力评估。选取应急准备、应急响应和应急恢复作为一级指标,选取危险源分析、指挥协调、事故调查等作为二级指标,通过评价分析,发现该企业在应急管理方面存在安全意识不强、应急装备存在不足等问题。     

The Dynamic Leontief Model and the Theory of Endogenous Growth

This paper shows that the dynamic Leontief model can be interpreted as a linear model of endogenous growth. The long-term rate of growth is determined within the economic system - either as the outcome of the saving and investment behaviour of agents or as the outcome of some planner's maximization of some objective function.     

基于QFD的生产与运作管理课程顾客需求分析

论文首先对高校顾客进行识别,并对重要顾客加以分析,然后以QFD理论为指导,利用问卷调查的方法对《生产与运作管理》课程的重要顾客进行需求调查,在此基础上利用亲和图方法对该课程顾客需求进行分析。     

浅析线性规划方法在半导体制造计划中的应用

半导体制造业中产品种类繁多,工序复杂,对设备的利用率要求较高,因而相对于其它制造也来说,生产计划的优化也较为复杂。本文讨论了目前半导体行业中常用的启发算法和基于线性规划的优化方法。     

Nonparametric Dynamic Production Analysis and the Theory of Cost

While the dynamic theory of production provides little insight towards identifying a specific functional form for the firm's technology, dynamic production analysis has been explored traditionally in a parametric framework. A nonparametric dynamic dual cost approach to production analysis is developed in this article. Recovering technological information from intertemporal cost minimizing behavior is possible without imposing a parametric functional form on the firm's technology. Nonparametric tests to analyze the structure of a dynamic technology are presented from a dynamic cost minimizing perspective. The empirical implementation of these tests is illustrated for a balanced panel data set of Pennsylvania dairy operators during the time period 1986–1992.     

基于约束理论和网络计划的生产物流研究及实证

运用约束理论来考察生产物流对企业实际产品生产的影响,将生产物流假定为影响企业高效运作的制约环节,再运用网络计划方法,分析并选定生产企业产品制造的关键工艺流程路线,为企业找出生产物流中的制约因素。以金秋农药有限公司为例进行实证分析,以期为制造企业的生产物流合理化提供一个具有普遍意义的研究方法。     

线性规划在金钼股份备货运输方面的应用

以金钼股份现实问题为例,利用线性规划相关知识和理论,以节约费用为目标,在分析各个影响变量的基础上,运用数学模型,求解出运输费用最低的前提下的产量和运输路线。     

基于关键路线法和约束理论的生产物流工序流程的优化

引入偏序图来绘制企业生产物流的工序流程图,然后采用关键路线法对工序流程图进行优化,得到一个关键进程图,再结合约束理论的思想,从关键进程图的瓶颈工序入手,时企业的生产物流工序流程进行优化.     

A note on distortions from estimating the regional impacts of exogenous changes in output

This paper demonstrates both theoretically and empirically that when outputs instead of final demands are exogenously predetermined, the traditional Leontief final demand model overestimates economic impact, and even more so in a multiregional context. We assess this premise vis-à-vis the Leontief output model using the 2013 interregional input–output table of the Republic of Korea. We find that from a multiregional perspective the standard Leontief final demand model yields substantially biased output multipliers for Chungbuk Province.     

Production frontier estimation to measure efficiency: A critical evaluation in light of data envelopment analysis

The ranking and measurement of efficiency of decision-making units by two methods—data envelopment analysis and frontier production function—may not always lead to identical results. In this framework we attempt here a critical evaluation of the frontier production function theory in terms of theoretical and empirical implications. It is shown that under certain conditions the two approaches to effciency measurement may lead to identical results.     

某航空紧固件公司单元生产改善案例

以某航空紧固件公司紧固件生产线为研究对象,通过对航空紧固件生产线的设备布局、工艺流程进行分析,提出了航空紧固件生产线的整合方案,重新进行了车间设备布局,同时产品生产实行单元生产方式,以实例说明紧固件生产线的改善效果,证明单元生产方式是提高紧固件生产线生产效率,缩短生产周期,提高产品品质的有效解决方案。     

安全生产影响因素理论模型构建

本文通过对文献的研究和对国家权威机构的公布结果,归纳出影响安全生产的四个要素分别是安全文化、安全责任、安全法制和安全投入,并通过分析各要素与安全生产的关系及要素间彼此的相互作用,由此推导出安全生产影响要素的理论。通过理论模型及要素间的相关分析,得出安全文化、安全法制、安全责任、安全投入四个要素都与安全生产呈正相关的关系,由此得出安全生产要素模型。     

探究行政管理理论在企业经济管理中的运用

在企业发展过程中需要面对不同方面与层次的管理工作,对企业来说最为重要的就是经济管理,而行政管理是对经济管理影响最大的,行政管理水平直接决定企业发展速度。行政管理理念适用于企业经济管理,当前陆续有企业尝试在经济管理过程中应用行政管理理论。基于此,论文探究行政管理理论在企业经济管理中的应用价值,分析行政管理理论在企业经济管理中的应用对策,以期提升企业整体经济管理水平。