国有企业人力资本与所有权安排的政策研究

文章提出中国国有企业人力资本与企业所有权的制度设计、目标模式和具体政策建议,以此加快推进国有企业建立现代企业制度的进程。     

日本企业所有权安排的演变研究

二战后至今，日本经济从迅速发展到陷入长期低迷。这给日本的企业所有权安排带来了影响，使之发生了深刻的变化。究其变革的原因，则正如企业所有权状态随机依存理论所指出的那样：企业所有权安排随企业效益的变化而变化，即随企业的经营状态不同而呈现出不同的模式。战后日本经济的高速发展，体现了战后日本企业所有权安排的合理性；而90年代后日本经济长期低逃，企业原有的所有权安排模式已不再能满足现代市场的竞争要求，面对重重压力，改革势在必行。日本的经济、社会、文化环境与中国虽有差异，但在当今中国国有企业在所有权安排亟待变革的情况下，日本企业所有权的演变仍对我国国有企业有着重要的启示。     

对营口市国有企业资本结构优化的思考

对营口市国有企业资本结构优化的思考●白东卫李守营一、资本结构现状及存在的问题首先，从产权结构看，由于传统下的计划经济体制影响，我市企业在所有权结构安排上，仍然过份强调公有制体制，致使国有产权和法人产权比重过高；产权关系不明晰，许多企业缺少决策自主权和...     

加强对国企经营者约束机制的完善

一、明晰产权关系，强化对国企经营者的所有权约束。按照现代企业理论，所有权约束是指企业的所有者对企业拥有剩余控制权和完成各项合同之后的剩余收入索取权。它是产权清晰的必然要求。当前我国应针对国有企业“所有者缺位”、产权不清的情况，建立新的国有企业产权组合模式：一是实行国家最终所有权和企业法人所有权的分离。国家作为全民的代表，拥有对资产的法律上的终极所有权以防止发生全盘西化。     

企业理论与企业产权结构

本文在分析新古典厂商理论的基础上,总结了现代企业理论的核心问题与学术流派;认为对企业所有权从而对企业内外部产权结构的研究是企业理论的主体内容,而马克思亦从经济形态演变的角度提出了自己的企业产权结构理论。这些理论对深化我国企业改革特别是国有企业改革有重要的启示意义。     

马克思主义企业产权理论在国有企业改革中的运用

本文简要地回顾了国有企业改革的四个重要阶段,研究了马克思主义产权理论在国有企业改革中的具体运用,并提出了以下观点,1、马克思企业产权理论为国有企业改革提供了方向;2、马克思揭示的商品所有权规律为企业法人财产所有权提供了理论基础。;3、马克思揭示的商品所有权两重性的规律,为我国国有企业两权分立、政企分开提供了理论基础。     

没有市场经济就没有真正的股份制

目前,理论界大都选择了股份制作为向社会主义市场经济过渡的道路。主张通过股份制(确切说应该是法人企业制度)对国有企业的产权关系进行界定,实现最终所有权与法人所有权的分离,使国家拥有最终所有权、企业拥有法人所有权,成为法人企业,从而成为市场主体。政府也选择了股份制作为转换企业经营机制,增强国有企业活力的政策目标,陆续开始了全国范围内的股份制试点工作。毫无疑问,股份制是一种适合于社会化大生产的极好的企业制度。然而,问题的关键在于,在现行     

政府再造:企业家政府的原则及理念

国有大中型企业改革与脱困目标的基本实现 ,是坚持深化改革的成果。这个成果是阶段性的 ,是基础性的 ,必须积极推进国有经济的战略性调整和国有企业的战略性改组 ;必须加强国有企业的现代企业制度建设     

我国国有企业改革:历程、思路与展望

2008年是改革开放30周年,同时国有企业改革也走过了30年.总结我国国有企业改革的历程,反思改革过程中理论思路,发现主导我国改革的实际上是对在所有权和经营权中,何者是决定企业效率的决定因素的理解上.我国的改革在开始的阶段是以不改变所有权基础上的企业经营控制权的改革为主导,而在后一阶段则是以所有权改革来推动企业经营控制权的改革为主导的.     

试揭企业所有权内涵及其归属的真面目——兼评不完全合同企业所有权理论的局限性

企业不存在不完全合同理论指出的那种虚无的即实际无所有的所有权，也不可能存在基于这种“企业所有权”解释的治理结构。真正的企业所有权其实是指人们传统认识到的企业出资者所有权．它的内涵是指对企业物质资本和产品的所有权。这个企业所有权是出资者用它自己投入企业的资本承担经营风险而形成的．所以它归属出资者。由此还可得出，真正的企业最一般的结构就是资本雇佣劳动结构．现代企业的结构演化也必须立足于这一基础来解释．     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上,尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能,资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标,以求真实反映银行经营的成果,有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系,从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.      

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.