探讨足球运动员的抢截球意识

足球比赛是一项整体的对抗项目,需要运动员不但具备良好的身体素质和团队的紧密配合,更需要每个人都有过硬的技术本领,同时要求运动员具有优良的足球意识。文章通过对足球比赛中的抢截球技术结构和特点的分析,阐明了如何培养运动员具备抢截球意识并在比赛中合理的运用该技术,从而提高比赛的获胜几率。     

Tackling age discrimination in employment in Singapore

In a country with an ageing work-force, a decline in the number of new entrants to the labour market and an acute labour shortage, it would be reasonable to assume that employers would encourage older workers to remain in employment for as long as possible. In the case of Singapore, however, private sector employers often retired employees at age 55 and hired younger workers in their place. In many cases older workers re-hired had to accept lower pay and lower grade jobs. In an attempt to tackle this sort of age discrimination in employment, the government passed the Retirement Age Act in 1993. Prior to its enactment, the government urged employers to raise the retirement age voluntarily, but the response was poor, especially in the non-unionized sector. This paper argues that employers resisted the extension of the retirement age because they perceived older workers in stereotypical terms. The main issues which gave rise to the Retirement Age legislation are discussed. So also is the possible impact of the legislation on some HRM practices. The paper also proposes some future directions for research on older workers in Singapore.     

ACCO公司在采购管理中存在的问题及策略研究

就当前全球采购中出现的问题,以ACCO(美国富俊)公司为调研主体展开论述.通过访谈、实地走访、企业资料查阅等调研方法对本公司在中国本土采购中面临的上游供应商产品准时交货率低、质量合格率差、采购产品品种多批量少、采购成本核算模糊等问题进行了长达5年的跟踪与调研.通过深入分析,从中发现问题,进而提出解决的策略,为跨国公司在中国采购工作的顺利进行打下了良好的基础.     

潘口水电站溢洪道出口防冲段边坡锚索成孔施工技术

潘口水电站溢洪道出口防冲段边坡布置有预应力锚索,由于地质条件差,地下水丰富等原因,锚索成孔非常困难。实际施工过程中,采取了固壁灌浆法及跟管钻进法进行成孔作业,顺利完成了锚索成孔。     

市场治理机制对产品价格影响的研究

经济系统由于嵌入了制度或者一些非经济关系,导致了企业产品的价格并非纯粹由供求关系所决定.在考虑专用性的情况下,可剥夺准租或剩余的谈判成为产品价格决定的一个组成部分,本文研究的重点在这种状况下对产品价格的影响.     

Gender influences on purchasing negotiation objectives,outcomes and communication patterns

This paper compares the objectives, results obtained and communication patterns used by men and women in 1159 purchasing role plays over a period of 18 years. Results show statistically significant, but weak relationships, which should be considered as tendencies only. Male negotiators set higher objectives than female negotiators, specifically under conditions of high competitiveness. Women on the other hand are more realistic and strive for mid-range objectives. The outcome of the observed negotiations is higher for female negotiators, specifically under conditions of high and slightly less under conditions of medium competitiveness. Male negotiators are more likely to obtain mid-range results. Female negotiators are more likely to reach no deal at all. Although women more and more take on identical roles as men, the observed differences in negotiation results do not seem to diminish over time. Women finally use fewer tactics and more open communication patterns.     

A multi-agent-based model for a negotiation support system in electronic commerce

This study proposes a multi-agent-based model for bilateral multi-objective negotiation in electronic commerce trading. The function and behaviour of several types of agents are discussed. These agents interact with each other in our negotiation support system model to create the most appropriate solution for both negotiating parties. In particular, we are concerned with a win-win negotiation approach in which agents seek to strike a fair deal that also maximizes the payoff for everyone involved. That is, if the opponent cannot accept an offer then the proponent should endeavour to find an alternative to make a trade-off. Against this background, a utility model based on fuzzy constraint satisfaction problems is proposed to ensure that these agents reach a solution that is fair for both negotiating parties if such a solution exists. The model uses prioritized fuzzy constraints to indicate how concessions should be made when necessary. In addition, by incorporating the notion of a negotiation argument into our evaluation model, the agents can sometimes reach agreements that would otherwise be impossible. Finally, a numerical example is given to display the applicability of the proposed approach for electronic trading assistance.     

2005改革年回眸:改革攻坚取得新突破

党中央、国务院高度重视改革工作,把2005年作为改革攻坚的关键一年,并于年初做了总体部署.一年来,我国改革攻坚取得新的进展,特别是一些多年酝酿的重点领域和关键环节的改革有所突破,主要是:农村综合改革试点取得重大进展,国有经济战略性调整取得明显成效,非公有制经济发展的体制和政策环境进一步改善,国有资产和金融监管体制不断完善,人民币汇率形成机制改革顺利实施,上市公司股权分置改革进展平稳,国有独资商业银行股份制改革迈出重要步伐,行政管理体制改革力度显著增强.改革在各领域的有序展开,有力地促进了经济平稳较快发展与社会和谐进步.     

Relational interaction processes in project networks: The consent and negotiation perspectives

This article seeks to describe and understand relational interaction processes in project networks, and suggests that there is a connection between the characteristics of a project network and the type of interactions within it. We suggest that time, legitimacy and power structure determine the type of interaction processes that occur. Four case studies of service-producing project networks show that relational interaction processes tend to change over time—shifting between the dimensions of consent and negotiation. Project networks seeking to acquire legitimacy are characterised by consent-based interaction processes such as mapping by rhetoric and maintaining an element of vagueness. Legitimate project networks are, on the other hand, characterised by negotiation-based interaction processes such as meetings between the representatives of different interests. Thus, actors in different types of project network adopt different interaction strategies in managing project networks with a view to creating legitimacy or mutual commitment.     

从三鹿事件浅析我国上市公司内部控制存在的问题

文章从公司治理结构、风险意识、信息传递与沟通、监督4个方面剖析三鹿集团内控失效原因,并提出了完善内部控制的相关措施.     

建设工程业主与承包商招标后合同价格谈判的博弈分析

本文目的在于对业主和承包商在招投标后的合同谈判机理进行研究。对于经过招标的合同谈判,招标活动分两种情况,第一种情况为公开招标,第二种情况为邀请招标。对公开招标,本文指出了垄断性围标对于业主的风险,并且将存在寡头及多头竞争的公开招标并入邀请招标进行研究。在邀请招标情况下,假设业主根据各方报价和技术标得分,选定某一家单位作为合同谈判对象。对在各种信息对称、不对称情况下,对于双方的序贯博弈过程进行分析。     

Tackling selection bias in sentencing data analysis: a new approach based on a scale of severity

For reasons of methodological convenience statistical models analysing judicial decisions tend to focus on the duration of custodial sentences. These types of sentences are however quite rare (7% of the total in England and Wales), which generates a serious problem of selection bias. Typical adjustments employed in the literature, such as Tobit models, are based on questionable assumptions and are incapable to discriminate between different types of non-custodial sentences (such as discharges, fines, community orders, or suspended sentences). Here we implement an original approach to model custodial and non-custodial sentence outcomes simultaneously avoiding problems of selection bias while making the most of the information recorded for each of them. This is achieved by employing Pina-Sánchez et al. (Br J Criminol 59:979–1001, 2019) scale of sentence severity as the outcome variable of a Bayesian regression model. A sample of 7242 theft offences sentenced in the Crown Court is used to further illustrate: (a) the pervasiveness of selection bias in studies restricted to custodial sentences, which leads us to question the external validity of previous studies in the literature limited to custodial sentence length; and (b) the inadequacy of Tobit models and similar methods used in the literature to adjust for such bias.     

Tackling Social Exclusion in the European Union? The Limits to the New Orthodoxy of Local Partnership

This article is based on recent transnational research on partnership‐based initiatives to promote local development and regeneration and combat social exclusion in the EU. The increasing reliance on partnership as the basis for local policy initiatives is first situated in the context of contemporary debates about social exclusion. The main part of the article then draws on the literatures on local governance and urban regime theory to examine three issues critical to the impact of the ‘new orthodoxy’ of local partnership: the capacity of partnerships as interorganizational forms of local governance; their inclusiveness; and the extent of outcomes which can be attributed to partnership as a distinctive mode of local governance. On all three issues, the evidence points to the limited claims that can be made for most local partnerships as ‘inclusion coalitions’ capable of effectively tackling social exclusion, and suggests that structural features of the currently dominant version of partnership entrench a model of elite rather than inclusive governance. Local partnership is associated with weak rather than strong discourses of social exclusion and inclusion, and its significance lies as much as anything in the way in which the practice of partnership tends to foreclose the sphere of debate and action, excluding more radical options. Cet article se fonde sur une récente étude transnationale concernant l'UE et portant sur les initiatives de partenariat visant à promouvoir le développement et la régénération sur le plan local, tout en combattant l'exclusion sociale. Le recours croissant au partenariat comme base des initiatives de politique locale est d'abord resitué dans le cadre des débats contemporains sur l'exclusion sociale. L'article, qui s'inspire des travaux sur la gouvernance locale et les régimes urbains, examine trois points essentiels pour l'influence de la ‘nouvelle orthodoxie’ du partenariat local: la capacité des partenariats en tant que formes de gouvernance locale inter‐organismes, leur nature inclusive, ainsi que la part des résultats qui leur revient au titre de mode distincif de gouvernance locale. Sur ces trois aspects, les faits soulignent la portée limitée que peuvent revendiquer la plupart des partenariats locaux comme ‘coalitions d'inclusion’ capables de traiter efficacement l'exclusion sociale; les résultats suggèrent en outre que les caractéristiques structurelles du partenariat, dans sa version dominante actuelle, enracinent un modèle élitiste plutôt qu'une gouvernance inclusive. Le partenariat local est associéà des propos sur l'exclusion et l'inclusion sociale plus complaisants que percutants, et sa place tient tout autant à la manière dont son exercice tend à figer la sphère de débats et d'actions, excluant toute option plus radicale.     

部委之争

在职能归并不到位的情况下,部委之争势所难免。以越来越多部门利益争夺呈现的大部制运行现状,折射出中国改革进入疲劳期的普遍共识     

Lagrange multipliers in incentive-constrained problems

Some recent work on dynamic incentive constraints poses the question of existence and regularity of Lagrange multipliers in optimization problems in infinite dimension with infinitely many-side constraints, which may not be concave. We provide sufficient conditions for Lagrange multipliers to exist and be represented by a sequence.