金融机构的内在脆弱性分析

本文认为,信息不对称所导致的储户信心以及金融机构资产选择中的内在问题使得金融中介机构具有内在脆弱性或不稳定性,从而使得金融风险不断产生和积累,并最终可能引发金融危机。增强金融机构的稳定性是金融监管的核心,而通过监管增强金融机构的稳定性,可从五个方面入手,即建立金融机构经营的安全网,尽量减少道德困境,加强金融监管以限制银行承担过度的风险,强化信息披露标准以增强金融机构经营的透明性以及开展金融监管的国际性合作。     

国际金融危机背景下的中俄石油合作

国际金融危机对全球经济格局的影响是广泛而深刻的,就中俄两国来说,石油合作对于两国有着极其重要的意义。本文基于对俄罗斯能源战略及其金融危机后面临的新格局的分析,提出在上海合作组织的框架下,中国与俄罗斯建立新的石油合作战略联盟,以更好地加强两国在石油领域的合作。     

中外农村合作金融组织比较研究

建国以来,我国农村金融组织经历了曲折复杂的发展过程,目前仍在深化改革之中。与发达国家、特别是与德国相比,我国农村金融组织无论是在发展模式、组织体系、监管框架、兼业状况、制度建设以及政府扶持政策等方面,都应该全面加以调整。尤其要强化合作金融的法制化和规范化建设;要通过强化制度建设保证对农村金融组织的政策扶持;金融组织自身要立足三农、明晰产权关系、完善治理结构,因地制宜、发展多样性的合作金融模式,构建自下而上、自成体系的合作金融组织体系;要完善监管体系和建立行业自律协会组织,从而促进农村经济的发展。     

Financial versus Monetary Mercantilism: Long‐run View of Large International Reserves Hoarding

The sizeable hoarding of international reserves by several East Asian countries has been frequently attributed to a modern version of monetary mercantilism – hoarding international reserves in order to improve competitiveness. From a long‐run perspective, manufacturing exporters in East Asia adopted ‘financial’ mercantilism – subsidising the cost of capital – during decades of high growth. They switched to hoarding large international reserves when growth faltered, making it harder to disentangle the monetary mercantilism from the precautionary response to the heritage of past financial mercantilism. Monetary mercantilism also lowers the cost of hoarding, but may be associated with negative externalities leading to competitive hoarding. From this viewpoint, this paper makes three observations on the East Asian reserve accumulation. First, the recent large hoarding of reserves in Japan and Korea occurred in the aftermath of the growth strategy that combined export promotion and credit subsidisation (financial mercantilism). Second, whether the ultimate motive is mercantilist or precautionary, the ongoing reserve hoarding in Asia contains an element of competitive hoarding, which is likely to have negative externalities among countries involved. Finally, China's hoarding of reserves partly reflects the precaution against the financial fragility that is likely to follow the slowing of economic growth.     

“一带一路”倡议下会计高等教育国际化战略研究

“一带一路”经济合作的快速实施,促使经济全球化深入推进.国际化的经济合作需要国际通用的商业语言会计来支持,为了实现各国财务信息互联互通,在实践中就要实现会计国际化,其中高校的任务就是要实现会计高等教育国际化。然而目前我国会计高等教育国际化程度不高,这就有必要对此进行研究。本文结合“一带一路”倡议,分析我国会计高等教育国际化发展现状,最后提出“一带一路”倡议下高校会计高等教育国际化战略,为实现会计高等教育国际化提供参考依据。     

后危机时代全球金融秩序调整、发展趋势研究综述与评论

本文在综合多位学者论述的基础上对当前的国际金融危机进行研究和评论,认为,美国次贷危机引发的金融流动性危机,逐渐演变为全球性金融危机,其后果的严重性,引发我们对目前全球金融格局及金融秩序的关注。后危机时代的国际金融秩序已不再适合当今全球经济的健康、可持续发展,调整不合理的全球金融秩序已不可避免。而金融秩序调整过程中可能会出现的问题以及调整的趋势,也需要更多的思考。在后危机时代,中国在完善金融监管制度以保证国家金融安全的基础上,还应把握全球金融秩序调整的良好契机,调整国内产业结构,转变经济增长方式,适当调整财政、税收和汇率政策,加强国际金融合作与监管,积极推进人民币国际化进程,参与国际金融体系建设,将中国制造转变为中国创造,提升政治、经济地位。     

双循环新发展格局下我国影子银行的监管

影子银行作为正规金融体系的有益补充,是发展直接融资的有效渠道,在我国金融业助力双循环新发展格局构建中的作用不容忽视。目前,与其他主要经济体相比,我国影子银行资产规模占GDP比重排名比较靠后,整体体量较小,未来发展空间很大。不过,我国影子银行长期处于监管盲区,传统监管体制无法实施及时而有效的监管,既不利于我国金融系统安全稳定,也不利于双循环新发展格局的构建。特别是金融业内外循环扩大了法律关系模糊带来的消极影响,放大了刚性兑付带来的金融资源循环受阻问题,增加了监管缺乏带来的金融系统不稳定因素,导致我国影子银行监管缺位问题进一步凸显。影子银行是金融系统性风险的一个重要来源,尽管我国已经建立了以中国银行保险监督管理委员会为主体的影子银行监管体系,但分散管理的弊端依然比较明显。为充分发挥影子银行积极作用,助力我国双循环新发展格局构建,应从顶层着手设计有效的监管制度,规避影子银行可能带来的风险。具体而言,一是建立科学完善的全面统计制度,掌握内外循环中的金融家底;二是建立健全规范而有效的管理架构,防范内外循环中的金融风险;三是积极主动参与国际规则制定,实现国内与国际规则的全面接轨以及内外循环规则的连通;四是引入监管负面清单制度,平衡金融创新保护与金融风险防范。     

武汉城市圈金融创新：问题分析与对策研究

目前,武汉城市图的金融发展已经进入一个自主创新的活跃期．圈域金融业人力资源较丰富,市场化程度较高,金融电子化技术较发达,金融组织体系较完备,信贷合作也初具规模,金融协作发展势头良好。但是,城市圈经济金融创新也存在一些不容忽视的问题,如外源融资能力弱小、分工定位不准、人才流动不活等,特别是金融创新乏力显得尤为突出。因此,武汉城市圈既要着眼于圈内各城市内部经济金融的良性发展,又要放眼于圈内经济金融的高度合作,基于此,必须充分发挥金融创新的能动作用。     

国际金融危机对延边州对外劳务合作的影响研究

金融危机对延边地区的劳务合作影响明显,但延边地区又存在着特殊性,有着得天独厚的地域优势和人缘优势,充分发挥延边地区的优势,不仅可以使其免受国际金融危机的影响,还可以进一步完善延边地区对外劳务合作的机制.     

Effect of financial development on international trade in Africa: Does measure of finance matter?

Although improving international trade on the back of financial sector development is one of the preoccupations of countries in Africa, empirical literature on financial development-trade nexus has not been rigorous in examining how finance shapes trade. In this study, we examine the effect of financial development on international trade in Africa relying on data for 46 countries over the period 1980–2015. Results from our system generalized method of moments reveal differential effects of finance on trade. In particular, we notice that, private credit does not promote trade while domestic credit positively affects trade. These effects are robust to measures of trade. Thus, improving the level of private (domestic) credit dampens (amplifies) exports and trade openness. However, we also find a U-shaped relationship between private credit and trade measures suggesting that financial sector development may be detrimental (helpful) to trade for economies with low (high) level of private credit.     

Information costs and home bias: an analysis of US holdings of foreign equities

We test extant hypotheses of the home bias in equity holdings using high quality cross-border holdings data and quantitative measures of barriers to international investment. The effects of direct barriers to international investment, when statistically significant, are not economically meaningful. More important are information asymmetries that owe to the poor quality and low credibility of financial information in many countries. While a direct measure of information costs is not available, some foreign firms have reduced these costs by publicly listing their securities in the United States, where investor protection regulations elicit standardized, credible financial information. A proxy for the reduction in information asymmetries—the portion of a country’s market that has a public US listing—is a major determinant of a country’s weight in US investors’ portfolios. Foreign countries whose firms do not alleviate information costs by opting into the US regulatory environment are more severely underweighted in US equity portfolios.     

Inflation targeting rules and welfare in an asymmetric currency area

This paper studies the effect on monetary policy of differing degrees of competition and differing degrees of nominal rigidity between the members of a monetary union. In particular, we assess the welfare loss brought about by the use of a simple interest rate rule that does not take into account such structural differences. Our results show that, ceteris paribus, to maximize welfare the central bank should react more strongly to inflation pressure generated by the more competitive economies. Our work extends the results of Benigno [Benigno, P., 2004. Optimal monetary policy in a currency area. Journal of International Economics 63, 293-320] by showing that, if the degree of competition differs between countries, the optimal rule could involve placing a greater weight on the more “flexible” countries. Our study suggests that the size of the welfare losses generated by failure to take account of these asymmetries depends crucially on the actual combination of the various asymmetries. As a consequence, we show that, if the optimal weights are chosen under incomplete information regarding the extent and type of asymmetries, the resulting level of welfare could be lower than that produced by the symmetric rule.     

The General Agreement on Trade in Services: Doomed to Fail? Does it Matter?

Little progress has been made to date in using the GATS framework to lock-in already implemented unilateral reforms, let alone in inducing new liberalization. The same is true for rule-making efforts. A number of potential explanations for the lack of traction are identified and assessed. These include limited feasibility of using the reciprocity mechanism to mobilize domestic export interests; less need for reciprocity to achieve global welfare improvements in policy; weaknesses in domestic regulatory capacity; and uncertainty/asymmetries regarding the magnitude and distribution of costs and benefits of policy reforms. All these factors play a role in reducing the scope for the GATS to be an effective instrument to help governments overcome domestic and international policy externalities. Changes in negotiating modalities and focus could help strengthen the relevance of the GATS as an instrument of multilateral cooperation.     

Eindämmung von Finanzmarktkrisen durch erhöhte Regulierungsintensität? Ein Update

The recent financial crisis challenged policymakers to create better supervision for both banks as well as international financial markets. Due to different political and governmental orientations, for instance, an overarching approach in European countries is unlikely. Where it to succeed in finding a conceptually closed and integrated approach in the coming years, the financial architecture of the Economic and Monetary Union could serve as an example for other parts of the world. However, the authors suspect an increasing fragmentation of regulatory elements and a potential return to special national regulation are more likely outcomes.     

Financial integration and international risk sharing

Conventional wisdom suggests that financial liberalization can help countries insure against idiosyncratic risk. There is little evidence, however, that countries have increased risk sharing despite widespread financial liberalization. We show that the key to understanding this puzzling observation is that conventional wisdom assumes frictionless international financial markets, while actual markets are far from frictionless: financial contracts are incomplete and contract enforceability is limited. When countries remove official capital controls, default risk is still present as an implicit barrier to capital flows. If default risk were eliminated, capital flows would be six times greater, and international risk sharing would increase substantially.     

Trade policy, cross-border externalities and lobbies: do linked agreements enforce more cooperative outcomes?

We analyze whether linking international cooperation in trade policy to environmental policy (or other issues with nonpecuniary externalities) promotes more cooperation in both policies, or whether cooperation in one is strengthened at the expense of the other. In the context of self-enforcing agreements, we show that if the policies are independent in the government's objective function, then linkage promotes cooperation in one policy at the expense of the policy that is easier to enforce under no-linkage. However, if the linked policies are not independent and if these policies are strategic complements, then linkage can sustain more cooperation in both issues than no-linkage. The policies are strategic complements only if (i) the production externality has cross-border effects; (ii) the weight on the externality cost is high; (iii) import competing lobbies are not “powerful”.     

Testing for convergence in bank efficiency: a cross-country analysis

This paper empirically investigates a possible convergence among the operational efficiency of financial institutions across countries. We explore (i) the relative performance of banking industries in two samples (European and global) over time, and (ii) whether banking industries are likely to attain the same level of efficiency in the long run as implied by international financial integration. We find that convergence in bank efficiency is incomplete and limited to European banking industries. Differing level of bank efficiencies across the globe may offer opportunities for international investors who would like to capitalize on such market imperfections. Our findings also have implications for policy makers who are concerned with the full integration and the stability of the global financial system.     

拼凑式金融监管模式的无缝化修正

金融危机后,各国金融监管广受诟病.欧美等发达国家开始转换金融监管思路,从东道国监管和母国监管之争转向对监管契合问题的探索,并从这个角度提出了拼凑式金融监管模式的主流研究概念,认为其固有的监管隔断和空隙的危害性是造成此次金融危机蔓延发展的主要原因.本文试图通过形成超级监管形式、以监管互律来促进监管合作、分层次统一监管等方式,讨论拼凑式金融监管模式的无缝化修正.     

跨国公司企业社会责任国别差异性的原因与对策

人们通常认为跨国公司在母国和东道国会同样好地履行企业社会责任义务.但研究表明,跨国公司企业社会责任的表现可能在不同国家中存在明显的差异性.存在这种差异性的原因主要是企业内部成本压力、内控困境、外部制度偏差、政府监管缺陷和法律环境差异等,建议通过完善相关法规,建立国际合作和交流机制,加大监督、检查和执法力度,加强宣传教育与媒体报道等措施加以有效应对.     

提高金融产业竞争力 确保金融产业安全

本文认为,通过二十多年的金融改革,我国金融产业竞争力有了很大提高,银行业、证券业、保险业都取得长足发展,但我国金融业的国际竞争力还相对较低,主要表现为金融创新相对落后.提高金融产业竞争力是确保金融产业安全的重要举措.文章提出,金融业最终要提高国际竞争力,必须关注自身的发展.首先,要正确处理金融创新和金融监管的关系,既要充分发挥金融创新在提高金融效率、降低金融风险方面的作用,又要使金融监管合理、合法、适度、有效,切实防止过度投机.其次,要正确处理虚拟经济和实体经济的关系,大力发展银行业、证券业、保险业等虚拟经济.第三,要培养具有国际化视野、能够参与国际竞争的人才.第四,要尽快提高信息化水平,尤其要加强信用体系建设.第五.要注重引进能够在市场、技术、管理上对企业有所帮助的战略投资者.