长期股权投资会计处理方法及比较

长期股权投资损益如何确认是企业股权投资会计的一个重要问题。长期股权投资的会计处理方法有成本法和权益法两种。本文较为详细地阐述了这两种方法 ,并对它们作了比较     

股权投资差额的会计处理

在财政部颁布的《关于执行〈企北会计制度〉和相关会计准则有关问题解答（四）》中，对长期股权投资采用权益法核算时．初次投资产生了股权投资差额，追加投资时又产生新的股权投资差额，应如何进行会计处理这一问题作了说明，本文拟结合具体例题说明投资业务采用权益法核算时股权投资差额的新会计处理方法。     

权益法核算的长期股权投资顺逆流交易会计处理

长期股权投资权益法下,投资企业与被投资企业之间的顺流与逆流交易的会计核算一直是高级财务会计中的一个难点问题。本文在介绍该项会计处理所涉及基本概念的基础上．对长期股权投资业务中权益法下顺流交易与逆流交易业务会计处理原则制定的原因进行分析．对会计处理进行解析：在理论解析的同时．结合实例进一步说明该业务在会计上的处理方法．     

长期股权投资成本法转换为权益法会计核算探析

长期股权投资成本法与权益法的核算一直是会计学习的重要内容,而成本法与权益法的相互转换又是一个难点,文章结合实例就成本法转换为权益法的会计核算进行探析.     

长期股权投资成本法和权益法的变化及思考

在企业间相互联合进行经济活动的情况下,投资活动在企业之间日渐普遍,投资成为了企业最常进行的经济活动之一,而在投资中,长期股权投资又是投资项目中比较难以进行会计处理的一个项目.本文试图从长期股权投资成本法和权益法的历史演变开始,引出当今最主要的会计处理形式,进而提出一些自己的思考和看法.     

长期股权投资权益法核算中的亏损解读

本文拟对长期股权投资权益法核算中的亏损进行解读，通过举例的方式解析超额亏损的会计处理。     

会计准则与税法差异比较

文章从会计目标、核算基础、计量属性、会计信息要求等方面分析了准则和税法产生差异的根源,并深入分析了存货、长期股权投资、固定资产、无形资产、职工薪酬、收入等具体准则与税法的差异     

新会计准则下长期股权投资核算变化对企业财务报表的影响——以雅戈尔为例

新版的《企业会计准则第2号——长期股权投资》于2014年3月正式施行。新准则较旧准则,对长投的会计核算进行了改变。本文运用案例研究法,研究在长期股权投资新准则下,会计确认和计量的变化对财务报表的影响。首先,对新旧准则进行了对比归纳;然后,研究在新准则下,雅戈尔长期股权投资会计处理的变化,如长期股权投资核算范围的变化、金融工具模式与权益法之间的转换变化以及对企业财务报表的影响。最后,针对长期股权投资提出了一些相关建议。     

对广西斯壮股份有限公司其他股权投资权益法应用的分析

文章通过对广西斯壮股份有限公司其他股权投资和撤资的时间、股权比例、所选择的会计核算方法及其对其他股权投资的计量和对投资收益的计算、投资转让等内容的分析,认为其他股权投资采用权益法可以均衡各期损益,影响其他股权投资这项资产的计量,影响转让时投资收益的确认。因此,作为一种会计方法——权益法的应用虽然有利有弊,但我们应该扬长避短,使权益法更好地发挥作用。     

股权投资的会计处理与税务处理的差异

对于企业以部分非货币性资产投资、处置计税成本的确定、会计账面价值的调整、股权投资收益的确认、股票股利股权投资差额处理等存在的差异,应依照会计制度进行不同的股权投资会计处理和依照税法处理.     

个人所得税税前扣除与税收公平原则

税收具有筹集财政收入和调节经济、调节分配的职能。个人所得税既影响着一个国家的财政收入,又与国民生活质量息息相关,是各国政府十分重视的问题。由于我国在个人所得税领域的税前扣除项目采取的是完全不考虑纳税人的自然状况、家庭负担的扣除方式等,导致了对税收公平原则的违背,直接影响我国建设和谐社会的宏伟目标。对之,一些国家的做法值得我们借鉴。     

论对非法所得课税的法律规制

能否对非法收入征税是一个在世界范围内都颇受关注的问题。目前,除英国等少数国家外,美国、德国等大多数国家都认为应当对非法收入征税。我国对此问题仍然没有形成统一的看法,但目前多数学者都认为应当对非法收入征税,笔者对此也持肯定态度。因此,该论文对非法所得课税问题进行了理论上的分析,并在借鉴国外经验的基础上提出了对我国非法所得课税的立法建议。     

The Elasticity of Taxable Income: The Case of South Africa

A key tax policy parameter that has received much attention in the international literature, but about which there is substantial uncertainty, is the overall elasticity of taxable income. The size of this parameter is central to the formulation of tax and transfer policy, as well as for the study of the welfare implications of tax decisions. This paper uses a panel of individual tax returns for the period 2009–2013 and the phenomenon of “bracket creep” to construct instrumental variable estimates of the sensitivity of income to changes in tax rates. Estimates suggest that the overall elasticity of taxable income is approximately 0.3, while that of broad income is significantly lower. The overall response is primarily driven by the elastic response of taxable income for high‐income earners, who have an elasticity of closer to 0.4. Using the elasticity estimates within an optimal tax framework, it is determined that the optimal marginal tax rate for the top 10% of income earners is broadly in line with the current income tax schedule. However, results also suggest that there is little scope for raising marginal rates on high‐income earners further without inducing a negative revenue response.     

Abstracts/Résumés

This paper examines whether credit analysts utilize the information contained in the difference between book and taxable income in analyzing a firm’s credit risk. Increased book–tax differences may be informative for credit rating agencies as they may signal decreased earnings quality or changes in the firm’s off–balance sheet financing. Results suggest a significant negative association between positive changes in book–tax differences and ratings changes. This evidence is consistent with large positive changes in book–tax differences signaling decreased earnings quality and/or increased off–balance sheet financing. We also find that large negative changes in book–tax differences result in less favorable rating changes, consistent with these changes signaling decreased earnings quality. In additional analyses, we find that the association between changes in book–tax differences and rating changes is attenuated for high–tax‐planning firms (e.g., where book–tax differences more likely reflect tax planning than decreased earnings quality).     

Trade‐offs between Tax and Financial Reporting Benefits: Evidence from Purchase Price Allocations in Taxable Acquisitions

Under U.S. GAAP, firms recognize assets acquired in business combinations at fair value. Similarly, in taxable asset acquisitions firms adjust the tax basis of assets to fair value. Managers can increase the present value of future tax savings by allocating a greater portion of the purchase price to shorter‐lived assets than to goodwill or indefinite‐lived intangibles. However, this tax planning strategy imposes a financial reporting cost because it reduces book income following the acquisition; all else equal, allocations to shorter‐lived depreciable assets increase book depreciation expense, whereas allocations to goodwill and indefinite‐lived intangibles do not increase book amortization expense. We exploit the features of taxable asset acquisitions to investigate trade‐offs between tax and financial reporting incentives. We predict and find greater allocations to depreciable versus intangible assets when managers have strong tax incentives and weak financial reporting incentives. However, we also find that strong financial reporting incentives moderate the effects of strong tax incentives. These findings contribute new evidence to the literature on the importance of nontax costs in tax planning decisions     

Strategic Tax and Financial Reporting Decisions: Theory and Evidence*

This paper examines the effect of book‐tax differences on the probability that a transaction is audited and the probability that additional taxes are collected. It constructs a stylized model in which the taxpayer reports both financial accounting income and taxable income. The government observes both reports before deciding whether to conduct an audit. The analysis of the equilibrium yields two hypotheses. First, the probability that the government will audit a transaction is higher if the transaction generates a positive book‐tax difference (e.g., an expenditure that is deducted for tax purposes but capitalized for financial reporting purposes) than if the transaction generates no book‐tax difference. Second, conditional on being selected for audit, transactions with and without book‐tax differences are equally likely to have detected understatements of tax liability. These hypotheses are tested using Internal Revenue Service (IRS) data from the Coordinated Examination Program. The empirical tests are consistent with the predictions of the strategic tax compliance model.     

江苏农村金融发展与农民收入的关系研究

回顾农村金融发展理论和农民收入增长理论。对江苏农村金融发展与农民收入进行格兰杰因果关系检验,发现农村金融是农民收入的格兰杰原因,而农民收入不是农村金融发展的格兰杰原因。这说明农村金融发展能促进农民收入增长。通过建立截面数据的一元回归方程得出不同区域的农民收入标准值,进而分析金融发展对收入促进的区域差异。     

农村金融发展与农民收入的关系:山东例证

利用山东省1978～2006年的时间序列数据,对农村金融发展与农民收入的关系进行了实证研究。结果表明,山东省农村金融发展与农民收入之间存在着稳定的协整关系,农村金融信贷促进了农民收入的增长,而农村储蓄对于农民收入的增加具有负效应。应采取增加农业贷款的支农力度,强化财政支农的力度,以及避免农村资金倒流等措施,促进农民收入的增加。     

对江苏省农村金融与农民收入之间关系的实证分析

本文首先提出了农村金融发展水平指标即金融相关比率,然后实证检验了农村金融与农民收入的格兰杰因果关系,再以生产函数为基础构建了农民收入影响因素模型。通过历年数据实证了农村金融与农民收入之间的关系,进而对增加农民收入,我们应提供怎样的农村金融支持,提出了相关的政策建议。     

农村资本投入对农民收入影响的实证分析

本文通过衡量农业贷款、乡镇企业贷款、财政支农资金等不同资本投入对农民收人的影响,说明农村金融发展与农民收入增长之间的关系,认为:需要通过金融深化消除妨碍农民收入增长的金融抑制。