An assessment of railway capacity

In this paper, we review the main concepts and methods to perform capacity analyses, and we present an automated tool that is able to perform several capacity analyses. Capacity is extremely dependent on infrastructure, traffic, and operating parameters. Therefore, an in-depth study of the main factors that influence railway capacity is performed on several Spanish railway infrastructures. The results show how the capacity varies according to factors such as train speed, commercial stops, train heterogeneity, distance between railway signals, and timetable robustness.     

高速铁路柔性时刻表编制研究

随着新兴信息技术与交通的不断融合发展,需求响应型交通已成为未来交通发展的新模式,而柔性时刻表编制问题是决定这一新模式能否在高速铁路应用的关键问题之一。基于旅客预约条件下的需求响应型高速铁路柔性时刻表编制问题,提出完全柔性和部分柔性2种编制模式,构建同时考虑列车开行收益和旅客平均偏差时间的双层优化模型,设计模拟退火算法求解,以厦深高速铁路为例进行案例分析。研究结果表明,柔性时刻表编制模型求解得出的时刻表能够较好地匹配旅客预约的出行时间,有效满足旅客预约需求,提高运营收益,对未来需求响应型高速铁路具有一定参考价值。     

依托区域优势和铁路优势加快铁路物流企业发展的实践与思考

结合安徽铁道发展集团有限公司的实践,阐述铁路物流企业发展面临的机遇和存在的不足;根据企业所处区域经济发展特点,探讨如何依托区域优势和铁路优势,延伸货物运输服务链条,大力发展铁路现代物流,全面拓展铁路物流市场,做大做强铁路物流产业,提高铁路物流企业市场竞争力和经济效益。     

中国高速铁路客运产品设计

以形成完整的中国高速铁路客运产品设计方法体系为目标，从分析客运产品层次及要素出发．提出客运产品设计原则与总体思路。研究客运产品的设计方法，从可达性、时效性、便捷性和经济性四方面研究列车开行方案设计及调整，从自助式、人性化、差异化等六方面研究服务产品设计，并提出中国高速铁路品牌战略。     

Testing the transport-induced environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: The role of air and railway transport

The airline and railway industry contribute immensely to economic development, however, its role in environmental pollution requires attention. Here, this study builds on the theoretical pedigree of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis to explore the contribution of the air and railway transportation sector and urbanization to the emission-growth argument. We utilized annual time-frequency data from 1995 to 2014 for a panel of top 10 air passenger carrier countries using robust panel estimators that control for cross-section dependence. The empirical analysis shows a positive significant relationship between emissions and economic growth, thus, economic growth is emission-embedded with limited green growth. The existence of the EKC phenomenon is affirmed for the investigated blocs — where economic growth is prioritized over environmental quality. Additional, while air transportation drives pollution, railway transportation and urbanization decline emission over the sampled period. The results underscore the need for clean and environmentally friendly energy sources for air sector operations.     

车流不均衡条件下编组站作业组织研究

以株洲北站为例分析了不均衡车流产生的原因及对编组站的影响,通过采取运输组织措施,以及加强设备能力、开行重载列车和反接列车等各项措施,降低编组站各系统的负荷,减少到解车列的等待时间,使株洲北站的中时达到平均7.4 h,并逐步稳定于此水平,最终达到弱化车流不均衡对编组站的影响。     

Study of the topology and robustness of airline route networks from the complex network approach: a survey and research agenda

Communication via air routes is an important issue in a world organized around a web city network. In this context, the robustness of network infrastructures, e.g. air transport networks, are a central issue in transport geography. Disruption of communication links by intentional causes (e.g., terrorist attack on an airport) or unintentional (e.g., weather inclemency) could be crucial for countries, regions and even the airlines affected themselves. Policymakers and the management of airlines and alliances should be able to reduce the effects of such interruptions in order to ensure good communication through air transport (i.e., maximize the robustness of their network at a reasonable cost). The literature review of the study of air transport route networks through an analysis of complex networks has highlighted a lack of contributions to the study of the topology and the robustness of such networks which contrasts, with advances undertaken for other transport networks or communication systems. This survey suggests areas in which research should be undertaken, based on the existing literature in other areas and from three different perspectives: global route networks, airline alliances, airlines and airports so as to help towards a better understanding of air traffic and, therefore, to be able to assess the potential damage of any airport being inoperative for a continent, country or airline.     

中国—荷兰中欧班列货源结构时空演化研究

欧盟一直是我国最重要的贸易合作伙伴之一,荷兰则是我国在欧盟的前三大贸易伙伴之一,中荷贸易关系是中欧贸易关系中重要的一环,中欧班列的区域货源结构对中欧班列功能定位和发展规划意义重大。为明确中荷贸易背景下货源结构动态演化过程、特征及机制,在模糊C均值基础上,结合邻接矩阵对聚类分析结果进行修正,将各离散点货源数据进行合并聚类,剖析其时间和空间层面的演变及原因,探究货源结构时空演化趋势。结果表明:2014—2018年,中荷之间货源数量整体呈上升趋势,货源时空布局呈现空间集聚效应,表现为“由整到散”“西高东低”的演化态势。最后提出相关政策建议。     

大风条件下货车篷布和绳网试验分析

在南疆线前百公里风区和兰新线百里风区,进行了3次大风条件下的货车篷布、篷布绳索和绳网试验。试验结果表明:D型篷布主要技术指标优于X型篷布;篷布的强度指标能够满足大风条件下的运输安全要求;挡风墙和防风网可以有效降低篷布绳索受到的气动力;最大平均风速达到32 m/s以上时,篷布、篷布绳索和绳网均出现损坏,影响运输安全;篷布绳网可以有效降低篷布绳索气动力;弹力绳可以有效解决货物沉降造成的篷布松懈问题。     

Model of passenger behavior choice under flight delay based on dynamic reference point

Flight delay has always been a concern of scholars, but in previous studies, there has been little discussion of passenger behavior choice after flight delay. The paper based on the prospect theory, taking the Beijing-Shanghai route as an example, constructs the passenger behavior choice model under flight delay, and in order to explore the decision-making behavior of passengers with different attributes under different delay scenarios. The results show that the reference point of passengers' behavioral decision-making is dynamic due to different delay scenarios and passengers' attributes. For the same reason, passengers have different behavioral choices when encountering flight delay. Through empirical analysis, it is found that the choice of passengers based on prospect theory is in line with the actual choice of passengers. The choice model proposed in the paper can effectively describe the passenger's choice behavior.     

3种移动闭塞模式下列车延迟传播规律的研究

介绍了移动空间闭塞、移动时间闭塞、完全移动闭塞3种移动闭塞模式,模拟讨论了3种模式下的列车延迟传播现象及其规律。模拟结果表明,在相同的初始延迟时间下,完全移动闭塞模式晚点列车总数最少,总的列车晚点时间最小;移动空间闭塞模式晚点列车总数最多,总的列车晚点时间最大。     

“一带一路”倡议下广东省开行中欧班列对策探讨

中欧班列对推动形成陆海内外联动、东西双向互济的开放新格局具有重要作用,日益成为"一带一路"倡议的重要载体。在对广东省开行中欧班列现状进行分析的基础上,针对广东省开行中欧班列制约因素,即整体规划滞后、协调机制不畅,政府引导不足、平台亟待升级,参与主体众多、资源配置低效,园区发展缓慢、难以形成支撑,提出加强政府统筹、加快业务创新、增强辐射带动、完善基础设施、强化服务支持等广东省开行中欧班列对策,以实现中欧班列高质量发展。     

国铁企业市场化经营机制建设探讨

建立市场化经营机制是深化铁路改革的重要方向,也是提升企业核心竞争力的迫切需要。在分析国铁企业市场化经营现状及面临问题的基础上,提出国铁企业建立市场化经营机制的总体思路,即理顺国铁企业与政府部门、国铁企业与市场、国铁集团与所属企业3个方面的关系,从进一步落实国铁企业市场主体地位、建立铁路公益性运输补贴机制、加强铁路基础设施网络建设、提升铁路运输服务质量和水平、推进铁路客货运价市场化改革、着力提升国铁资本运作能力、推进国铁资本授权经营体制改革、完善国铁现代企业制度建设等方面阐述国铁企业建立市场化经营机制的重点任务,为深化铁路改革提供参考。     

国铁企业法律纠纷案件管理机制优化策略研究

国铁企业法律纠纷案件管理是铁路法治建设的重要组成部分,为全面提升法律纠纷案件管理水平,切实维护铁路合法权益,亟需针对相应管理机制进一步创新和优化,以适应国铁企业改革发展的需要。在对国铁企业法律纠纷案件管理机制现状及优化因素进行分析的基础上,提出创新主动维权方式、构建区域会商新模式、优化重点领域案例应对指引的国铁企业法律纠纷案件管理机制优化策略,通过制定主动维权工作指引、扩大案件区域会商参与主体范围、编写重点领域法律纠纷案件应对指引等措施,完善国铁企业法律纠纷案件管理体系,实现法律事务工作与铁路生产经营活动的深度融合。     

国铁企业员工持股实施路径探析

伴随着国有企业改革的深入推进,国家持续完善员工持股相关制度,不断扩大试点企业范围,支持和指导国有企业推进员工持股。通过阐述国有企业试点情况、国有企业试点属性、员工持股方案和员工持股平台等国有企业员工持股试点推进情况,从符合国家政策要求发展趋势、提升国铁企业市场竞争能力、适应国铁企业经营发展要求和激发国铁企业员工活力等方面,剖析国铁企业员工持股实施优势,提出国铁企业员工持股实施路径,即:争取国家政策支持,精选国铁企业试点,健全试点企业制度,制定试点操作方案,完善运作监管机制,提高国铁企业市场化经营的竞争力。     

Carrier collaboration with endogenous networks: Or,the limits of what carrier collaboration can achieve under antitrust immunity

Airlines maintain complex networks that are to large extents complementary. Therefore, some passengers need to change aircraft and airlines to fly from their origin to their final destination. The present study captures pricing problems in terms of double marginalization but goes one step further by incorporating network choices. The model involves a two-stage game with two carriers who choose their complementary networks in the first stage and fares in the second stage. Each carrier's network involves one or two links that are distributed geographically or distributed in time. If both carriers maintain two links, then transfer passengers can choose between two alternative connections which they consider as imperfect substitutes. There are only transfer passengers, and maintaining a link is costly. The analysis reveals that carrier collaboration and antitrust immunity can eliminate double marginalization and create incentives to extend networks. Our results indicate that the scope for the improvement of carrier networks via antritrust immunity can be rather limited relative to the social desirability of more extensive carrier networks. A possible policy lesson is that airlines should be granted antitrust immunity conditional on network expansion and/or frequency obligations.     

Modeling the effects of wage premiums on airline competition under asymmetric economies of density: A case study from Brazil

This paper investigates the effects of wage premiums on the competition between Full Service Carriers (FSC) and Low Fare Carriers (LFC) in the airline industry. We study the impact of changes in the labor market and the resulting effects on performance in the product market and examine the role of economies of density. We develop an oligopoly model of airline competition with endogenous wages and simulate increases in labor costs. We apply the model to the case of the most important domestic route of Brazil using airline/route-specific demand and costs data. Our chief contribution relies on the empirical model of asymmetric economies of density for the competing business models. We estimate that LFCs have higher economies of density than FSCs. With the empirical models of demand, costs and wages, we compute the wage-elasticities of price-cost markups. We find that, on account of the higher sensitivity of marginal costs to labor costs of the FSCs, their markups are more affected by wage premium increases than the markups of the LFCs. The results are attenuated by higher economies of density, but amplified by higher price-elasticities of demand and lower economic growth.