The Use of a Statement of Changes in Financial Position to Interpret Financial Data: An Empirical Investigation

This study provides empirical evidence on the use of a statement of changes in financial position by financial analysts to interpret and make judgments on information contained in annual reports. Analysts were required to answer five questions developed from claims made in a professional accounting standard about the purpose of the statement of changes in financial position. The results indicate that the statement of changes in financial position does not generally enhance financial analysis.     

银行理财产品业务快速增长的影响探析

近年来,我国银行理财产品业务发展迅速,目前国内银行理财产品存续规模已超10万亿元,这意味着银行理财已成为我国财富管理市场上仅次于信托业的第二大资产管理行业。一方面,快速增长的银行理财产品业务极大地改善了银行自身融资结构,优化了银行资产和负债的期限结构配置,增加了居民和企业的财产性收入,加快了银行业务经营转型升级步伐。但另一方面,银行理财产品业务的快速增长也带来了诸如存款理财化、银行同业理财过度所引发的银行间市场“钱荒”、银行理财产品的金融混业投资趋势所带来的金融风险隐患积聚等一系列问题,值得引起关注。本文在对以上两个方面的问题进行深入分析的基础上提出了有针对性的建议。     

Financial stability reviews: A first empirical analysis

Between 1996 and 2005 the number of central banks that publish a financial stability review (FSR) increased from 1 to 40. A FSR may contribute to financial stability, increase accountability of authorities responsible for financial stability, and strengthen co-operation between the various authorities. The occurrence of a banking crisis in the past, income per capita, and European Union membership increase the likelihood that a FSR is published. The content of FSRs differs widely; on average only 33% of the indicators as suggested by the IMF is actually published. The amount of information provided seems unrelated to the health of the banking system.     

Financial fragility of euro area households

Until recently, the lack of appropriate harmonized micro data covering both income and wealth has been the major obstacle in analyzing financial vulnerability of the household sector in the euro area. This data problem has been partially circumvented by the dissemination of the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS). Based on this unique data set, we put forward a stress testing method of household balance sheets in a consistent manner across euro area countries. To this end, we put forward a metric of distress which takes into account both the solvency and liquidity position of the household and demonstrate that this metric outperforms the most common metrics used in the literature, which do not take into account the households’ asset holdings. We calibrate this metric using the country level data on non-performing loan ratios and estimate stress-test elasticities in response to an interest rate shock, an income shock and a house price shock. We find that, albeit euro-area households are relatively resilient as a whole, there are large discrepancies in the impact of macroeconomic shocks across countries. Finally, we demonstrate that our framework could be used to assess some measures mitigating losses to the banks, such as engaging in the restructurings of loans that are at risk of defaulting.     

地区财政收入水平与质量评价及影响因素分析——以广西为例

财政收入水平主要指财政收入的数量水平,包括财政收入的名义量水平、相对潜在财政收入水平实际征收的量的水平、满足经济社会建设公共开支需求的量的水平等三方面含义。财政收入质量主要指财政收入内在属性的好坏,包括收入构成状况的好坏、收入真实性的好坏以及收入成长性的好坏。基于上述含义,构建评价地区财政收入水平与质量的指标体系。运用指标体系,对广西财政收入水平进行纵、横向评价并与国内相关地区进行比较。基于协整理论与ECM模型分析影响广西财政收入水平的因素。最后提出提高广西财政收入水平的对策建议。     

Exploring interactions between real activity and the financial stance

In this paper we empirically study interactions between real activity and the financial stance. Using aggregate data we examine a number of candidate measures of the financial stance of the economy. We find strong evidence for substantial spillover effects on aggregate activity from our preferred measure. Given this result, we use a large micro-data set for corporate firms to develop a macro–micro-model of the interaction between the financial and real economy. This approach implies that the impulse responses of a given aggregate shock will depend on the portfolio structure of firms at any given point in time.     

Accounting and Legal Implications of the Interposed Unit Trust Instrument

The application of a unit trust, within a complex group structure, to transact business and to hold other dependent operating instruments such as subordinate trusts, proprietary companies and investments in joint arrangements, raises issues touching the laws of trusts, income taxation and companies and exposes deficiencies in current accounting theory, practice and financial reporting. The use of unit trusts has off-balance sheet effects as both the trust itself and all subordinate instruments within its constellation may be effectively partitioned from those group results reported under traditional consolidation principles. The consequences of this partitioning distort the consolidation process and financial statements may then misrepresent a group's financial position. As yet, there is neither legislation nor accounting regulation providing direction in this complex area.     

Mortgage risks,debt literacy and financial advice

A limited understanding of mortgage contracts and the risks involved may have contributed to the outbreak of the 2007–2008 financial crisis. We developed a special questionnaire relating mortgage loan decisions to financial knowledge and financial advice. Our results demonstrate that homeowners appear to be well aware of mortgage risks. Large loans relative to home value are perceived as riskier, as are loans with large mortgage payments relative to income and loans linked to investment vehicles. Homeowners with riskier mortgages indicated that they could encounter financial problems should house prices or their income decline. Homeowners with relatively low debt literacy are more likely to take out traditional mortgages with principal repayments over the maturity of the loan. Riskier mortgages are more prevalent among homeowners with a better understanding of loan contracts. Financially less sophisticated homeowners consulting mortgage brokers, too, hold riskier mortgages.     

结构性金融衍生产品之探讨

结构性金融衍生产品是把固定收益金融产品和金融衍生品进行组合设计出的一种新型金融产品,种类繁多、结构多样。在美洲、欧洲和亚洲都有非常大的市场规模和繁多的产品种类。结构性金融衍生产品增加了资本市场的完备性、深化了市场的风险配置功能、增强了资本的流动性以及提高了金融衍生市场的信用水平。在我国结构性金融衍生产品首先以外币结构性存款的形式出现,自2003年以来得到快速发展。借鉴国际经验,应在鼓励结构性衍生产品发展的同时,着重加速金融衍生品交易所市场的发展。     

中国台湾全民健康保险财务危机论析

台湾全民健康保险从1995年实施至今取得了显著成效,但是,台湾健保也面临着严重的财务问题,目前已经爆发了3次财务危机。虽然采取开源节流、调整保险费率等一系列措施,但收效甚微,健保财务依然入不敷出。健保财务危机屡屡爆发,根源在于健保自身的制度缺陷。要达成健保的财务平衡,应该从健保的制度层面上做一番彻底而有效的改革。     

金融摩擦、收入风险与财富不平等

本文通过构建带有职业选择的两部门异质模型,探讨了个体面临的金融摩擦和收入风险对财富分配的作用机制。结果发现,经济中存在的金融摩擦会通过职业选择、自我保险和自融资来影响个人的财富积累,从而导致财富的集中和不平等。对模型模拟的结果表明:降低金融摩擦在总体上会降低财富不平等程度,但对不同财富阶层的影响不同,其在大幅减少前1%和前10%阶层财富份额的同时,虽然也会在一定程度上提升后50%阶层的财富份额,但提升幅度并不大,过高或过低的企业家收入风险,都会加大财富不平等程度,因而存在一个使经济中财富不平等程度最低的适度企业家收入风险水平;虽然金融摩擦和收入风险都会影响经济中的财富不平等,但收入风险本身对财富不平等程度的影响较小,其主要是通过金融摩擦放大了经济中财富不平等的程度。     

金融支持农民专业合作组织发展现状、问题及对策——以吉林省通化市为例

随着金融支持农民专业合作组织力度的持续增强,农民专业合作组织迅速发展,从而有效地提高了农民收入、推动了农村经济发展。然而,金融支持与农民专业合作组织发展现状还不能完全相适应,制约了农民专业合作组织进一步向高层次、规格化、专业化、产业化方向的发展。为此,本文以吉林省通化市为例,深入分析金融支持农民专业合作组织发展存在的问题及成因,并提出相关政策建议。     

完善金融衍生产品税制 促进金融市场健康发展

完善我国金融衍生产品税制对金融市场的健康发展有着重要意义.本文分析了我国金融衍生产品税收现状,比较了国际金融衍生产品的税收制度,并在此基础上提出要从三方面完善我国金融衍生产品税制:以法律法规形式明确金融衍生产品税收制度;降低签发和交易环节税负;完善所得环节税收制度.     

Financial outreach and household financial constraint

This paper analyses how financial outreach affects the probability of households having financial constraint (i.e. being ‘discouraged’ and ‘rejected’ for loan applications). We show that households residing in communities with more bank branches are less likely to be financially constrained. Using the distance to the closest fruit and vegetable (open) market as an instrument for financial outreach, we address the potential endogeneity problem and find our results remain robust. We further provide evidence on the negative relationship between the number of bank branches nearby and the probability of loan rejection, in particular for middle‐income young households.     

普惠金融、收入分配和贫困减缓——推进效率和公平的政策框架选择

本文从县域和省际两个层面,采用OLS最小二乘法和DID双重差分法检验了普惠金融的政策效应。研究发现,普惠金融发展初期,能够缩小城乡收入差距,但是这种效应仅在集中连片特困区显著,受资源倾向性配置的效率损失、农贷的“精英俘获”以及金融知识匮乏的影响,银行服务包容性的提高没有反映出明显的益贫性;在产品市场、要素市场和中介市场发育程度较高、对生产者和消费者合法权益保护程度较强的地区,良好的制度环境可以对金融资本扭曲配置行为加以约束,纠正普惠金融对贫困减缓的负面效应;银行、保险等正规金融机构忽视弱势群体的资源配置结构是导致包容性金融体系无法实现减贫的根源。因此,兼顾广泛包容、特定配比和商业可持续的制度框架才能扭转正规金融机构现有效率和公平皆损的局面;构建信息化普惠金融体系,能够克服正规金融机构高门槛、服务成本高以及逆向选择等问题,成为对社会帕累托最优的政策框架选择,促进收入分配公平和减缓贫困。     

浅议商业银行的财务危机及其化解策略

财务危机是指商业银行经营过程中由于费用成本过大,收入减少,或资产出现严重损失,造成财务亏损或资不抵债的一种经济现象。化解商业银行财务危机的紧急有效措施是采取减员增效、压缩节支等手段,而从根本上解除财务危机在于不断提高商业银行的经营质量,做到既好又快地发展。     

金融资源不平衡、金融效率与城乡收入差距——基于省级面板数据的实证分析

本文利用1990-2004年中国29个省市的面板数据,运用系统GMM估计方法,实证分析了金融资源不平衡、金融效率与地区收入差距之间的关系。得出结论是：金融资源分配的不平衡和金融效率水平的差异是导致我国城乡收入差距拉大的主要原因。因此,解决我国城乡收入差距,实现整个国家的和谐发展和共同繁荣,应当改变目前金融资源分配不平衡的现状,统筹城乡金融均衡发展。     

企业集团财务控制:一个理论分析框架

从契约理论角度看,财务控制是对初始契约的不完备性所进行的修正,这恰是企业集团财务控制的逻辑起点.在企业集团复杂的代理关系中.母公司处于核心主导地位,是企业集团财务控制的主体.通过均衡代理成本争财务协同效应使财务控制的制度安排净收益最大化不仅是企业集团财务控制的目标,同时也蕴涵财务控制的机理.因此反映上述特征的企业集团财务控制完整架构应由目标层、治理层和管理层所组成.     

A Financial Reporting Model for Dependent Market Economies

This paper attempts to assess the extent to which the conventional income statement fulfils the information needs of the investor in developing countries. Evidence of imperfections in the market in these countries is examined, and it is demonstrated that the conventional income measure does not necessarily permit an assessment of the economic efficiency of enterprises in developing countries. An alternative measure based on the dichotomization of reported income into income due io protection and income at world prices is presented and defended as a suitable model for financial reporting in these countries.     

浅析我国衍生金融工具所得性质、数量、时间的认定

衍生金融工具所得课税问题是一个国际难题。本文分别从衍生金融工具所得性质的认定、所得数量的认定、所得时间的认定三个方面展开阐述,分析了国际通行的做法,并联系我国实际对衍生金融工具所得课税进行了探讨。