The Withdrawal of Current Cost Accounting in the United Kingdom: A Study of the Accounting Standards Committee

Evidence from the archives of the U.K. Accounting Standards Committee (ASC) is used to trace the events leading to the withdrawal of the current cost accounting standard, SSAP 16, from 1980 to 1988. Three central issues are addressed. First, the ASC's role as a regulatory body is considered in the light of the failure to obtain compliance with SSAP 16 and to find an acceptable replacement. Second, the decline in support for SSAP 16 is explained in terms of changes in the economic environment. Third, the roles of different interest groups in the process are analysed.     

Financial Reporting Quality,Debt Maturity,and the Cost of Debt: Evidence from China

This paper investigates the influence of different financing channels—bond issuance or bank loans—as well as debt maturity and the quality of financial reporting on the cost of debt in China. The authors find that conservative accounting is an important characteristic of high-quality financial reporting that can reduce the cost of longer maturity debt such as bank loans and bonds. Even state-owned enterprises, which have fewer financial constraints than non-state-owned enterprises, benefit from accounting conservatism's ability to reduce financial costs. Moreover, the findings indicate that bond investors are concerned about the issuer's fundamentals, while banks are more likely to focus on the operation and bankruptcy risk of borrowers.     

A Test of the Reliability of Current Cost Disclosures

Using data from corporate acquisitions recorded under the purchase method, this research tests the reliability (representational faithfulness) of current cost disclosures. The fair value of property, plant, and equipment recorded by the acquiring company following the acquisition is found to be significantly related to the current cost disclosures made by the acquired company prior to the acquisition. When the data are segmented according to reporting regime, the significant relationship pertains to the SFAS 33 disclosures but not to ASR 190 disclosures of current cost. The study also finds that the results pertain primarily to current cost disclosures made shortly before the acquisition date. Overall, the results support current initiatives for increased departure from historical-cost approaches to accounting, especially if these measures are made along the lines of SFAS 33 techniques rather than ASR 190 techniques.     

Capital Maintenance Adjustment Under the Financial (Real) Capital Concept

This paper examines the way in which the general purchasing concept of capital has been implemented in the real business income and selling price models. It presents an analysis of the conceptual aspects of the alternative methods of implementation proposed in the literature and identifies limitations in adjusting for inflation in entry price models.     

商业银行推行成本管理会计的思考

我国商业银行对成本管理会计不够重视,信息系统基础薄弱,成本资料欠缺,高素质的成本管理会计人才稀缺,内部资金的转移价格难以确定,业绩评价体系的合理性与有效性难以平衡。商业银行要推行成本管理会计就要提高各商业银行职工对成本管理会计重要性和复杂性的认识;尽快建立专门的组织机构,着力培养或引进高素质的专门人才,制定或完善规章制度;实行全面成本管理,实现分部门、分产品、分客户的管理;运用计算机技术,实现业务流程再造;强化利率——产品定价机制,合理确定内部资金转移价格;提高数据质量,建立和完善相关信息系统。     

持股金融机构对企业负债融资与债务结构的影响——基于上市公司的实证研究

本文通过对2007年至2011年我国A股615组配对公司的实证研究发现:持股金融机构不仅能够为企业带来更多的债务资金,包括短期债务资金和长期债务资金,而且有利于企业改变负债结构,即提高融资成本较低的短期债务融资比重,降低融资成本较高的长期债务。此外,相对于国有上市企业而言,民营上市公司持股金融机构更有利于改变其债务融资水平与债务结构。进一步区分金融机构类型后发现,持股金融机构对企业负债融资和债务结构的影响主要来自于持股非银行类金融机构。     

高校《成本会计》课程教学改革研究

《成本会计》是关于生产企业在生产过程中就产品成本具体核算的一门课程,它是会计学专业的基础和核心课,在整个会计课程体系中非常重要。然而,近年来高校中开设这门课程并未取得理想的教学效果。原因是多方面的,既有课程自身特点的原因,也有教师讲授时人为的原因,同时也受到高校教学资源条件的限制。本文从分析成本会计课程的特点入手,就目前高校成本会计教学中存在的诸多问题,提出改革高校成本会计教学的几点建议。     

论成本管理会计技术在政府的应用

成本会计技术是汇总、计算、分析和解释各种成本的方法,一般包括分批法和分步法、标准成本法和作业成本法等。在新公共管理背景下,政府更加强调成本和绩效,为政府借鉴企业成本会计技术提供了必要和可能,但由于政府的非营利性,应对其进行适当的调整。     

从美国成本会计准则看我国军事采购成本会计准则的构建

美国联邦政府采购成本会计准则建立的根本原因在于美国联邦政府采购中成本类型合同的使用.其与我国军事采购过程中成本类型合同的使用相似.为加强我国军事采购合同成本的管理,有必要构建我国军事采购成本会计准则,而美国联邦政府采购成本会计准则涵盖的内容、豁免条款和范围层次的使用,以及披露报表的编报,对于建立我国军事采购成本会计准则具有积极的借鉴意义.     

Cash Distributions of Inflationary Gains

When a firm maintains its debt/equity ratio, changes in expectations of inflation lead to windfall gains through the 'Fisher Effect'. Contrary to other studies, it is demonstrated here that the gain can be distributed to equity owners without impairing the firm's capacity to retire its debt.     

通货膨胀预期与企业银行债务融资

本文采用2003-2013年沪深两市A股上市公司的季度数据,研究通货膨胀预期如何影响企业银行债务融资。研究结果表明:第一,预期通货膨胀率降低实际利率,因此预期通货膨胀率与银行债务水平正相关,说明预期通货膨胀率是资本结构的重要决定因素。第二,当预期未来将发生通货膨胀时,商业银行“惜贷”,信贷歧视更为明显,因此国有企业更容易获得借款。所以在国有企业中,通货膨胀预期与银行债务水平的正相关关系更为显著。第三,通货膨胀预期对企业银行债务偏离具有显著影响,表现为保守型企业优化债务结构,而激进型企业偏离程度更大。进一步研究发现,预期通货膨胀率与企业银行债务融资的调整额正相关,并且在国有企业更为显著;如果企业更容易获得银行借款,通货膨胀预期对银行债务融资的影响更显著。本研究丰富了资本结构决定因素的文献和宏观经济政策与微观企业行为的文献,拓展了资本结构宏观影响因素的研究,有助于政府和企业更好地应对通货膨胀。     

Cost of Capital, Strategic Disclosures and Accounting Choice

Abstract:   Theory suggests a negative relationship between disclosure and the cost of capital. However, empirical research has not, in general, confirmed this. In particular, Botosan (1997) finds no evidence of a negative relationship for firms with a high analyst following, and moreover, Botosan and Plumlee (2002a) find that firms' cost of capital increases with timely disclosures. There are several possible explanations for this puzzle. First, the theory‐driven hypothesis may be false and require re‐specification. Second, there may be correlated omitted variables contaminating the results. Finally, these inconclusive results may have arisen due to problems with the measurement of disclosure. We construct an innovative measure of timely disclosure, that attempts to capture quality rather than quantity of strategic disclosures. In addition, motivated by new theoretical research by Gietzmann and Trombetta (2003) , we control for a possible omitted variable, namely accounting policy choice. With this revised research design, we find the expected negative relationship. Furthermore, as predicted by Gietzmann and Trombetta, this relationship is only significant for firms adopting aggressive accounting policies.     

论医改后公立医院如何实行全成本核算

随着我国社会经济的快速发展和医疗卫生体制改革的不断深化和完善,医疗市场竞争日趋激烈。目前"优质、高效、低耗"的运作模式已被公认为是医院可持续发展的主要方向。医院在国家逐步减少补助的情况下,只有增强自身的积累和发展能力,才能继续生存和发展。所以本文针对2009年公立医院改革,提出只有实行全成本核算,千方百计降低医疗服务成本,提升医院竞争力,才能适应竞争激烈的医疗市场,从而走向可持续发展之路。     

成本管理会计教学改革的路径选择

成本管理会计作为一门新兴的会计学科,伴随着西方各种管理理论的产生、科技进步和现代化管理水平的提高而形成和发展.成本管理会计纳入我国高校教学体系,尽管时间不长,已经展现其重要意义,但教学实践中仍然存在一些问题.为更好的适应高校为社会培养合格应用型人才的目标,探讨成本管理会计教学模式的改革,势在必行.     

高校教育成本的核算与控制

基于高校教育成本核算的现状,采用作业成本法对高校教育成本的核算和控制,有利于提高高校管理水平,有效控制办学成本,提高经费使用效益;有利于建立公平合理的教育成本分担机制,促进高等教育健康发展。     

Debt structure and corporate performance in emerging markets

This paper examines the effects of public and bank debt financing on firm performance in emerging markets. Using data on 700 publicly traded firms from the BRIC countries, it is documented that bank debt may have a positive effect on firm profitability. While overall market assessment of bank debt financing is negative, it is found that fully bank-financed firms lose less of their market value. Main findings remain unchanged after addressing potential endogeneity issues by introducing a novel instrumental variable. Overall, the results suggest that higher levels of bank financing may have positive effects on firm profitability and market valuation.     

Accounting Conservatism and the Cost of Capital: An International Analysis

This paper examines the role of conditional accounting conservatism in mitigating the cost of equity and debt capital in an international setting. The findings are that firms domiciled in countries with more conservative financial reporting systems have lower cost of equity and debt capital. The paper further explores the cross‐sectional variation of the above relationships, finding that the negative association between conditional conservatism and the cost of equity and debt capital is more pronounced in countries with stronger legal enforcement, suggesting a complementary role between conservatism and legal institutions in capital markets. In addition, the paper finds that conservatism only reduces the cost of debt in countries where accounting‐based covenants are widely used, consistent with the argument that conditional conservatism improves the efficiency of debt contracts via accelerating covenant violations.     

资本管制对融资结构和经济增长的影响

本文发现如果短期债券融资伴有发生资产清算的风险,那么,运用资本管制政策调整融资结构有助于促进经济增长。通过整理78个国家从1995到2010年的资本管制数据,我们检验了对不同类别的资产进行管制对经济增长的影响:对债券进行管制能够促进经济增长;对股票进行资本管制阻碍了经济增长;而对直接投资进行资本管制对经济增长的影响不显著。最后,我们考察了资本管制对资本流动组成结构的调整作用,验证了资本管制影响经济增长的机制。     

材料流动成本核算的基本原理

材料流动成本核算的理论依据是环境资源流转平衡原理、产品生命周期理论原理和扩大制造者责任原理等。其本质特征是将传统成本计算中难以明确反映的废弃物价值,作为企业制造过程中的一种负产品来反映,突破了传统产品成本计算淹没废弃物成本的局限,可动态反映废弃物对自然资源价值的消耗状况,引导企业从提高资源利用率高度充分认识削减废弃物对提高企业效益、降低环境负荷的双重影响,达到可持续发展的目的。