旅游动机、目的地形象与旅游者期望

文章构建了旅游动机、目的地形象和旅游者期望关系的概念模型,以大陆居民赴香港旅游者为研究对象,采用结构方程模型(SEM)验证旅游动机、目的地形象与旅游者期望之间的关系。研究结果表明:(1)目的地的认知形象显著影响情感形象;(2)旅游动机直接正向影响目的地的认知形象和旅游者期望,并通过目的地的认知形象对旅游者期望产生间接影响;(3)目的地的认知形象直接正向影响目的地的情感形象和旅游者期望,并通过目的地的情感形象对旅游者期望产生间接影响。     

文化认同背景下过度旅游对社区旅游发展的影响研究

<正>由于旅游资源具有不可复制性，因此在社区旅游发展中极易造成过度旅游的问题。文章站在文化认同的角度，考察过度旅游对社区旅游发展的影响，并分析过度旅游对游客和目的地社区居民文化认同的影响机理。研究发现，过度旅游行为造成了游客在旅游地的生活方式、消费观念、认知态度与社区居民产生不同程度的错位，影响了游客对于文化认同和社会身份的认同。虽然过度旅游与文化认同之间存在紧密联系，但这种关联主要是通过以点带面、以面带点等间接方式来实现，并具有不可持续性和阶段性特征。因此，在推动社区旅游可持续发展的过程中，应警惕过度旅游对文化认同的负面影响。     

中国旅游热点居民生活质量感知评价关联度的实证研究

本文从旅游目的地居民角度出发,以中国历史文化名镇第一水乡周庄为例,首先研究了旅游目的地居民对旅游业发展影响的感知评价,其次考察了发展旅游业之后旅游目的地居民对生活质量的感知评价,再次研究了居民生活质量与旅游影响感知之间的关系,指出了居民对目的地发展旅游业的支持态度,本研究的最终目的是为政府调动旅游目的地居民参与旅游开发的积极性提供科学依据.     

旅游对传统村落的影响研究——以安徽齐云山为例

旅游影响一直是国内外旅游研究的重要课题,旅游地居民对旅游发展的感知是研究旅游影响的重要途径。此次调查以安徽省黄山市休宁县齐云山为例,采用问卷调查和现场访谈相结合的方式,运用SPSS、CATPACTM等软件对调查结果进行数理统计,从居民与游客角度分析了旅游开发给齐云山居民带来的经济、社会文化、环境的若干影响,以及居民对旅游业所持的态度。文章着重于探讨居民对于因旅游开发所带来的村落影响的感知,以及他们对于当前旅游影响的评测和对未来旅游发展的期待。     

跨文化旅游对旅游地居民情感及行为的影响

跨文化旅游作为一种跨地域或跨国的旅游方式,不仅为旅游目的地带来巨大的经济效益,也对旅游目的地居民认知效果、感情投入和利他行为产生了一定的影响。本文对220份三亚本地居民样本资料进行回收整理,通过模型设计、数据分析,获取相应的结论,进而为推动海南自贸港建设以及促进旅游交流发展提供参考价值。     

国外旅游地居民对旅游影响的感知与态度研究综述及启示

文章总结了国内外关于旅游地居民感知与态度的研究进展，指出国外研究的成果主要集中在居民对旅游影响的感知与态度、影响居民感知与态度的因素以及相应的理论解释三方面。而国内有关此类问题的研究还停留在起步阶段，与国外相比差距较大，有待进一步扩展和深入。基于此，作者提出今后应加强以下几方面研究工作：加强从多学科、各层面、多角度地进行理论层次的研究；研究理论和方法有待于进一步提高；注意区别不同国家旅游发展的特殊性和差异性，并对国内旅游目的地发展及其影响加以重点研究；加强跨地区、跨文化的共时比较研究，以及对旅游发展演进不同阶段的历时归纳研究。     

旅游目的地居民社会心理承载力研究——以日本东京都浅草寺为例

旅游业的发展在给地区经济注入活力的同时,也给旅游地的居民生活带来不同程度的影响。对此,文章首先综述了国内外相关研究,建立了旅游目的地居民对游客旅游活动的社会心理承载力情况考察指标体系,采用基于三角模糊数的模糊层次分析法(FAHP)对指标分析建模,并以东京浅草寺周围居民为样本,通过问卷调查得到浅草寺周围居民对旅游活动的社会心理承载力情况。研究结果显示,浅草地区居民对游客的旅游活动整体上持支持和积极的态度,在个别指标如旅游地垃圾、社会治安等方面持较为消极的态度。     

熟悉度对旅游形象感知行为影响研究——以重庆市民对上海旅游形象感知为例

潜在游客对目的地旅游形象的感知是旅游目的地选择行为的开始,而旅游形象的感知又来源于对该旅游地的认识,也就是通过各种信息"熟悉"该旅游目的地.本文根据前人研究结果提出了以熟悉度作为前因变量,认知形象与情感形象为中介变量的旅游形象感知行为模型,并以重庆市民对上海旅游形象感知为例进行了实证研究.研究表明:在本文的旅游形象感知行为模型中,对于旅游意向影响最大的因素是熟悉度,它通过4条路径对旅游意向产生间接和直接影响,其总影响效果达到了0.591;其次为认知形象和情感形象,它们对旅游意向的总影响效果分别为0.546和0.378.     

乡村旅游社区居民社会排斥的多维度感知——江西婺源李坑村案例的质化研究

文章以江西省婺源县李坑村为例,在质化研究的基础上对旅游开发背景下当地居民社会排斥的主观感知状况进行了考察,发现旅游开发给当地社区带来了多方面的变化,这些变化导致社区居民的挫折感、自卑感增加,他们往往从经济排斥、政治排斥、文化排斥和关系排斥等多个维度来感知自身“被排斥”的状况。旅游开发过程中的相关制度设置为社会排斥提供了可能空间,不同利益相关群体在社区中的交互作用成为社会排斥的推动力量,社区居民个体自身能力与认知状况也构成社会排斥的重要原因。从经济、政治、文化及人际关系等多个维度入手消除由旅游开发问题所导致的社会排斥应是乡村旅游可持续发展的重要目标之一。     

居民旅游影响感知测量量表开发的实证研究

居民对旅游影响的感知是衡量旅游目的地影响的有效途径.本文针对居民旅游影响感知衡量标准不一致,测量量表缺乏信度和效度检验的现象,通过对国内外著名旅游专家的访谈和中国旅游目的地的实证调研,运用统计分析的方法开发了中国居民旅游影响感知的测量量表,该量表包括居民旅游正面影响感知3个维度11个题项,负面影响感知3个维度11个题项.统计检验和实证分析的结果表明,可用该量表对中国居民旅游影响感知进行评估和测度.     

旅游影响研究进展

旅游影响包括旅游的经济、环境和社会影响。对它的研究于20世纪印年代始于英语国家，并逐渐成为旅游研究中一个非常重要的领域。本文在对所能获得的有代表性的国外(主要是英文资料)和国内有关其研究的论著进行分析的基础上，对国内外旅游经济、环境和社会影响的研究进行了简要的回顾和评述。     

Estimating the Economic Impact of Event Tourism

Abstract

Tourism has become an important economic sector in many parts of the world, and many regions, states, and local areas have identified expenditures by visitors as a potential source of economic growth. Because visitor spending can contribute to the local economy, many communities seek to enhance tourism and visitor-oriented activities. As a result, estimates of the economic impact of event tourism are of interest to a wide variety of interested parties. Economic impact analyses of sports facilities and other entertainment events have come under increasing criticism in recent years. At the same time, visitors to sports events, festivals, and other visitor-oriented and event related activities can produce very substantial economic impacts for host communities. This article examines key considerations and issues that affect and are critical to reliable estimates of the economic impacts of events and event tourism.     

Economic impact of tourism on Wales

The economic impact of tourism on Wales is compared with that on the UK as a whole. Tourism sustains 10% of total employment in Wales compared with 6% in the UK, and tourism receipts as a percentage of GDP are also higher in Wales. International tourism receipts as a percentage of GDP in Wales are at about the same level as in Spain and Greece. Promotional activity should be directed at generating more visits to Wales by high-spending tourists in order to maximize the economic benefits of tourism, and to attract the growth segments of the tourism market to Wales.     

Assessing tourism's more complex consequences

Runyan, Dean and Chung-Tong Wu, “Assessing Tourism's more Complex Consequences,” Annals of Tourism Research, October/December 1979, VI(4):448–463. The development of tourism can have extensive physical, social and economic impacts. Certain of these impacts can be classified as relatively complex: those that take many variables to describe, are difficult to quantify and which are sensitive to policy or other difficult-to-predict interventions. The involvement of residents in an impact estimation process can serve to both forecast and appraise these relatively complex impacts. Relatively few techniques are available for estimation of complex impacts which do not rely almost exclusively on the intuition of professionals. Those that make use of lay individual input include Delbecq procedures, Delphi and IMPASSE. These techniques can be used to identify potential impacts by structuring group discussions. A two-stage approach to estimating complex impacts is proposed.     

Sociocultural impacts of tourism in Scandinavia: Studies of three host communities

In one of the first comparative studies of its kind into the socioeconomic impacts of tourism in Scandinavia, three host communities, Hemsedal in Norway, Sälen in Sweden and Blokhus in Denmark, were studied. All the communities, once dominated by farming and small scale industry and now the recipients of mass tourism on varying scales, were questioned on the economic, social and cultural impacts of tourism. Negative attitudes towards tourism were found to be strongest from those engaged in more traditional occupations and to be directly related to the level of tourism development.     

Effects of political instability in consolidated destinations: The case of Catalonia (Spain)

Catalonia is one of the most successful tourist regions in Spain. This article analyses the immediate impact that the instability associated to the recent political situation in Catalonia has had on the arrivals and spending of international tourists in the region using the classical Box-Jenkins method (ARIMA) and the more recent Bayesian Structural Time-Series Models. The results obtained indicate that during the final quarter of 2017, political events led to a reduction in the arrivals and spending of tourists in the region, although whether this impact reached statistical significance depends on the estimation method used.     

Visitor spending and economic impacts of heritage tourism: a case study of the Silos and Smokestacks National Heritage Area

Heritage is regarded as one of the most significant and fastest growing components of tourism. The development of heritage tourism as a generator of income besides the enhancement of community pride and identity has emerged as an objective of both heritage sites and tourism planning. The discretionary nature of expenditures in heritage tourist places makes it crucial to understand visitor spending pattern. This is key in demonstrating the economic contribution to the community for the tourism planners. This presentation is based on an intercept survey of travelers to the Silos and Smokestacks National Heritage Area (SSNHA), comprising 37 counties in Northeast Iowa. Visitor spending pattern is discussed among four categories of heritage sites in the SSNHA: farms, museums, parks and gardens, and businesses. IMPLAN Input–Output Model is utilized to generate the direct, indirect and induced economic impact in the area.     

Assessing the environmental impacts of mega sporting events: Two options?

At a time when public and private agencies recognise the importance of sustainable development, the environmental impacts of mega sporting events are commanding increasing attention. However, despite event sponsors often flagging the importance of environmental as well as socio-economic legacy components, the environmental impacts of events are difficult to assess quantitatively, being complex and often occurring over extended periods. The general assessment issue is particularly acute with regard to mega events such as the Olympic Games and FIFA World Cup. The practical issues mean that any quantitative techniques seeking to assess environmental impacts are likely to be partial in scope. This paper examines two such approaches for quantitative impact assessment of selected environmental externalities connected with visitation at sporting events. The paper considers the use of Ecological Footprint analysis and Environmental Input–Output modelling. It provides examples of the applications of these techniques to discrete sporting events in a UK region, and discusses whether these techniques are appropriate for exploring the environmental impacts of mega events.     

The effects of SARS on the Korean hotel industry and measures to overcome the crisis: A case study of six Korean five-star hotels

The major objectives of this study were: (1) to discuss the impact of the SARS outbreak on the Korean hotel industry; (2) to explore how the crisis management contingency concept was implemented by the Korean hotel industry during this crisis; (3) to examine what the implications are for managers in the hotel industry. Results of this study indicate that the SARS outbreak had an adverse impact on the Korean hotel industry. During the six months affected by the SARS outbreak, the Korean hotel industry tried to minimize operating costs and offered employees education programs concerning health awareness, training and operating new hygiene equipment. This study is expected to provide lessons from the experience of the Korean hotel industry during the SARS-affected period.