From Hippocrates to HIPPA: The Collapse of the Assumptive World

This paper studies the developments in the ethical concerns for physicians (Business Concerns) and job satisfaction contigent upon changes in Physicians’ assumptive world.     

略论企业家对企业文化的影响

企业家是现代企业发展的主要动力。在对企业家的概念进行论述的基础上,着重论述了企业家精神对企业文化的影响。     

From Caring Entrepreneur to Caring Enterprise: Addressing the Ethical Challenges of Scaling up Social Enterprises

This paper advances the conception of social entrepreneurs as caring entrepreneurs. We argue that the care ethics of social entrepreneurs, implying the pursuit of caring goals through caring processes, can be challenged when they engage in the process of scaling up their ventures. We propose that social entrepreneurs can sustain their care ethics as the essential dimension of their venture only if they are able to build a caring enterprise. Organizational care designates the set of organizing principles that facilitate the embedding of care ethics at an organizational level, beyond the imprinting induced by social entrepreneurs’ personal ethics.     

The Discovery of Opportunities: Extending the Economic Theory of the Entrepreneur

Shane (2003) [A General Theory of Entrepreneurship: The Individual-Opportunity Nexus. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar] has shown convincingly that modern theories of entrepreneurship perform reasonably well in explaining the empirical results obtained in different areas of research upon the subject. His book also shows that the cognitive aspects of entrepreneurship in general—and opportunity recognition in particular—are important areas that warrant further research. This paper argues that the concept of opportunity is closely related to the concept of a project, as an opportunity is essentially a project that would prove beneficial if it were exploited. It is suggested that modelling individual search across potential projects, and the screening of projects by the use of symptoms, holds the key to the successful modelling of entrepreneurship in terms of opportunity.      

风险企业家人力资本特征及其激励机制

风险企业作为一种知识型企业,与传统企业的最大不同在于人力资本在资源配置中开始上升为主导地位。风险企业家人力资本在风险企业中主要表现为与其载体的不可分离性、专有性及专用性三大特征。基于此,风险企业设计的激励机制应不同于一般企业,如赋予风险企业家剩余索取权和控制权、采用具有期权性质的分期投资方式以及追求良好的声誉效应等机制。     

会计估计变更对盈余的影响分析

企业在融资、规避特别处理及经营管理等动机的驱使下,利用会计估计变更,进行盈余管理、报表粉饰甚至利润操纵,会产生严重的经济后果,损害相关者的利益。规范企业会计估计变更行为,减少企业利润操纵空间,对促进证券市场乃至整个市场经济的健康发展,具有一定的理论及现实意义。企业应从调整固定资产推销额,计提资产减值准备上消除会计估计变更对盈余的影响,从完善会计准则,加大披露责任与惩罚力度等方面入手,加强会计估计的规范化管理。     

The cumulative nature of the entrepreneurial process: The contribution of human capital,planning and environment resources to small venture performance

The study is theoretically grounded in the resource-based view and applied to a service industry-tourism. It examined the performance of small ventures by utilizing an integrated dynamic model of entrepreneur choices and resource accumulation. Each phase in the process is added to previous one. Findings from 305 small tourism ventures revealed that the human capital of the entrepreneur, particularly managerial skills, were the greatest contributing factor to performance. This was followed by venture type. The study illustrates the unique nature of the entrepreneurial process among small ventures, often defined as “lifestyle businesses”.     

The Impact of the Change from Partial to Full Foreign Ownership on the Internationalization of Foreign Subsidiaries

SUMMARY

This paper aims to study how host country firms' internationalization has been impacted by their foreign owners' achievement of full ownership if the companies were not fully foreign-owned at first. It starts with a review of the existing traditional internationalization literature: the Uppsala model, the innovation-related internationalization models and the Finnish model. Then it reviews other research streams: born global, foreign direct investment (FDI) and network literature and the literature on subsidiary roles. A conceptual framework is developed. Then, after a methodology section, four Estonian casestwo from banking and two from the textiles industryare introduced. After the discussion of the results, some managerial and research implications are drawn.     

世界大型事件活动对旅游业的影响及对中国的启示——以历届奥运会和韩国世界杯为例

大型事件旅游活动对举办地具有深远的经济意义和社会意义。以历届奥运会和2002年韩国世界杯足球赛为实例,简要分折世界大型事件活动对举办国旅游业发展的影响及对中国的启示。     

The study of emerging industries: Recognizing and responding to some central problems

The emergence of new industries is an important phenomenon that remains relatively neglected by researchers. We address several theoretical and methodological problems that impede the study of emerging industries. In doing so, we propose that historical archives represent a critical and under-utilized research resource. More generally, we contend that advancing the study of emerging industries will require scholars to develop several distinct categories of research, to make more extensive use of qualitative and historical data, to collaborate across traditional boundaries of domain and method and to engage key practitioners, including professional archivists and institutional entrepreneurs.     

The Decision to Use Alliances as Corporate Entrepreneurship: The Role of Resources and Skills

This aim of this research is to analyse the role of firm resources and skills in the decision to cooperate as a method for developing entrepreneurial activity. We use a sample of 967 entrepreneurial operations undertaken between 2000 and 2004 by 323 EU-15 companies. Results suggest that skills are more important than resources when choosing how to undertake an entrepreneurial activity. While experience in cooperation and possession of technological resources make the choice of an alliance more probable, experience in entrepreneurial activities and possession of physical resources may lead the company to opt for other alternatives.     

Cautious International Entrepreneurs: The Case of the Mittelstand

This paper investigates the international entrepreneurial behaviour of Mittelstand firms (German small and medium sized enterprises). Analysis of a survey of the international marketing strategies of Mittelstand firms revealed three clusters of firms, two that had below and one above average international activities. None of the clusters displayed born global type of internationalisation processes. However, this does not mean that they adopt passive approaches to internationalisation. The results suggest that Mittelstand firms engage in entrepreneurial behaviour that is proactive and innovative but which is cautious, sequential, and risk adverse. The implications of this analysis for future research in the area of international entrepreneurship are considered.     

The Ethics of the US Business Executive: A Study of Perceptions

Gallup Polls have reported on the perceived ethics of various professions in the US since 1976. Clergymen and pharmacists were consistently identified as two of the most ethical professionals in the 1980's and 1990's. Business executives have not fared well in these polls and have not been rated among the top ten most ethical professions in any of the years the poll was taken. Ethical codes have not done much to belay the perception that the US business executive is not very ethical. Whether the Sarbanes-Oxley Act will impact the ethical behavior of business executives remains to be seen.     

From Red to Green: Towards the Environmental Management in the Country in Transition

This paper investigates the driving forces behind the environment-oriented management in Slovenia, a country in transition. The study focuses on attititudes of managers towards different aspects of the concern for the environment, the most important sources of pressure on companies for better environmental performance, the potential conflict between environmental and other business goals, and perception of barriers to the environmentally responsible behaviour of a company. The study uncovers a strong belief that the government is responsible to prevent damage caused to the environment by industry.     

The Value of Environmental Social Responsibility to Facility Managers: Revealing the Perceptions and Motives for Adopting ESR

This study is grounded in the debate surrounding the perceived value of environmental social responsibility (ESR). Applying the Managerial Theory of the Firm, in-depth interviews were conducted to identify managerial motives, perceptions, and perceived value of ESR. Using sport and public assembly facilities as the research context, environmentally responsible information was obtained from facility managers who were members of the International Association of Venue Managers. In total, 15 one-hour, interviews with key facility personnel demonstrate that (1) internal stakeholder pressure, (2) organizational culture, (3) financial cost-benefit, (4) competitiveness, and (5) ethical motives were the drivers for ESR engagement. Taken together, the findings suggest that establishing a culture of ESR, the ??business case?? for environmental responsibility, and ethical concerns offered the most value for the sport and public assembly facility managers.     

企业家的社会责任:做最好的产品和服务

企业家的社会责任包含在企业的生产经营活动之中,企业家做好自己企业的产品和服务与企业家承担社会责任本质上是一致的,二者是同核扩展的关系.做好自己企业的产品和服务是企业家的良心所在、底线伦理所在,也是企业家的胸怀和社会抱负所在.企业家做好自己企业的产品和服务就良性地履行了社会责任,企业家致力于做最好的产品和服务,表明其身上体现出的社会责任感产生了巨大的“溢出效应”.致力于做最好的产品和服务的企业家是最有社会责任感的企业家.     

The artification of luxury: From artisans to artists

Growth is the biggest challenge for a luxury brand in that volume dilutes the brand cachet. In addition, it violates the credo of rarity on which the luxury sector is originally based. This article reveals how the current leading luxury brands use ‘artification,’ a process of transformation of nonart into art, to circumvent the volume problem. Artification takes time and substantial investment. It cannot be undertaken by the brands alone: It requires the active collaboration of art authorities and renowned artists. The goal is to change the status of the brand, of its founder and products, and in so doing, to reinforce the idea of a better-than-ordinary brand whose price and symbolic power are undisputed. It is also strategic for the globalization of luxury: Art is universal.     

The emergence, advance and future of international entrepreneurship research — An introduction to the special forum

Since its genesis over twenty years ago, research in International Entrepreneurship has emerged as a field of study, and moved through the process of differentiation, mobilization and legitimacy building. Generally referred to as IE, research in this area is conducted by scholars worldwide and supported by various community structures, conferences and journals. In recognition of IE, this Special Forum was initiated to help clarify its parameters and history of development, the areas of research pertinent to it and critically, directions for future research.     

企业间界面信任:从线索到购买

究竟哪些因素会驱使企业的客户产生信任,对于企业间关系管理具有重要的理论意义和现实意义.我们以传统研究为基础,从企业间信任和人际信任两级信任出发,重点剖析企业声誉、移情、友好和专业能力等四个企业间信任线索.研究结果表明移情和专业能力显著影响人际信任,企业声誉直接导致企业间信任;相对来说,人际信任对于提升购买意向更为重要,而企业间信任却更有效地提高客户的购买比例.