精益成本管理落地策

如今,中国企业已开始进入精益成本管理时代,中国已经在实践精益成本管理的企业有很多,但真正基本实现了精益成本管理的企业很少,很多企业对于精益成本管理只是一个模糊的概念。如何实现精益成本管理落地,是实务界普遍关注的问题。     

互联网环境下企业成本管理策略研究

成本优势是构成企业竞争力的重要组成部分。互联网时代,需求导向的商业模式正在兴起,成本的概念由微观逐渐转向宏观,成本管理对象由"有形"逐渐转向"无形"迫使企业成本管理思维革新。企业需要在成本管理技术、方法上实施突破,保持成本优势,提升企业的核心竞争力。文章从我国企业成本管理发展路线入手,分析互联网环境下我国传统企业成本管理的不足,探讨在互联网环境下企业成本管理新途径。     

做好施工阶段成本控制,提高施工企业经济效益

长期以来,企业施工成本管理的目标始终围绕"提高效益、降低成本"而展开。重点尽一切可能削减成本,实现企业价值最大化。本文作者结合多年的工作经验,就项目工程施工阶段成本控制及如何提高企业成本管理进行了探讨。     

试论房地产企业的成本管理优化

我国房地产企业已进入微利时代,为适应战略管理的需要,必须拓宽成本管理视野,引入战略成本管理的理念和方法.本文分析了房地产企业成本管理中存在的主要问题,从价值链分析、战略定位分析和成本动因分析三个方面阐述了解决问题的思路.在成本管理方法的优化方面,提出了供应商联盟、平衡计分卡和大数据平台的设想,以期通过提高成本管理水平获得长久竞争优势.     

行业变革下印刷企业成本管理研究

成本管理是印刷企业管理中最为关键的环节之一,成本控制的好坏直接影响着企业的市场优劣。目前,印刷行业已经进入微利时代,如何有效地控制成本是印刷企业经营的重中之重。为此,阐述了行业变革下的印刷企业成本管理的特点,介绍了我国印刷企业成本管理的现状及存在的问题,探讨了印刷企业如何正确灵活地运用现代成本管理理论,正确进行成本预测,并根据预测实施印刷成本预算,在印刷生产过程中注重印刷成本的控制,严格进行科学合理的成本核算,保证企业持久的经济效益。     

浅析战略成本动因

市场经济的建立,导致了企业管理理念和管理技术的变化,对传统的成本管理产生了巨大的冲击,使传统的成本管理缺陷显露无遗,本文试图从战略成本动因分析入手,探讨新的管理思想和方法。一、传统成本管理体系的缺陷1.传统成本计算法的成本对象主要局限于"产品"层次。传统的成本核算系统一般把作业、顾客和市场等排除在成本核算范围之外,不能很好地为企业管理和决策服务。实行战略成本管理要求对不同层次的成本对象提供相应的成本信息。在实施战略成本管理过程中,管理人员需要资源、作业、产品、原材料、客户、销售市场、销售渠道等不同层次成本对象的成本信息。在现代企业所面临的新的制造环境下,人工成本不断下降,制造费用不断上升,如果仍用直接人工等以数量为基础的成本动因来分配制造费用必然造成产品成本的严重扭曲。2.传统的成本核算系统根据和产量的关系把成本分为固定成本和变动成本,所     

浅谈利用目标成本最大限度的节约企业生产管理成本

企业要想在竞争中取胜,其战略不外乎两条,一是产品差异化,二就是成本领先.在当前残酷的全球商业形势下,采用目标成本管理成为中国企业应对挑战的最佳武器之一.本文首先阐述了企业目标成本管理的意义及内涵,其次,从加速资金周转,体现"转"的作用,降低产品成本;利用产能规划来最大限度的节约企业生产管理成本;利用技术规划来最大限度的节约企业生产管理成本等方面就如何利用目标成本来最大限度的节约企业生产管理成本提出了自己的看法和建议,具有一定的参考价值.     

浅析企业传统成本管理和现代成本管理

成本与产品的价格相关,进而影响企业的利润,因此,成本管理是所有企业所追求的基本目标之一。从工业经济时代以来,成本管理的思想、方法也经历了由传统成本管理到现代成本管理的演变。本文通过对传统成本管理与现代成本管理的比较研究,希望对现代成本管理方法在我国的应用有所帮助。     

科技进步与企业成本管理

科技能提高企业产品的技术含量,降低产品成本,增加企业效益,现代企业应该真正把握科技进步与企业成本管理的关系,实现企业效益的最大化。当前,随着国家对科技投入的不断增加,企业的成本管理已初见成效。因此,企业应以"科学技术是第一生产力"理念为指导,围绕成本管理,大力推进企业成本管理组织、方法、手段科技化。通过科技手段,采用新技术、新工艺、新材料,不断拓展企业利润空间,这样才能使企业在激烈的市场竞争中获取有利的竞争地位。     

小议印刷企业成本管理——以A印务有限公司为例

成本管理是企业管理的重要组成部分,直接影响着企业的市场竞争优势,关乎企业的生存和长远发展,是企业参与竞争的利器和提高效益的法宝,印刷企业亦如是。伴随着市场经济的发展、消费者需求观念的改变以及行业竞争加剧,印刷业逐步进入了微利时代甚至无利时代,因此,如何有效地控制成本俨然已成为印刷企业经营的重中之重。本文以A印务有限公司为研究对象,对印刷企业成本管理进行探讨。     

Estimating Monetary Policy Rules When Nominal Interest Rates Are Stuck at Zero

Did the Federal Reserve's response to economic fundamentals change with the onset of the Global Financial Crisis? Estimation of a monetary policy rule to answer this question faces a censoring problem since the interest rate target has been set at the zero lower bound since late 2008. Surveys by forecasters allow us to sidestep the problem and to use conventional regressions and break tests. We find that, in the opinion of forecasters, the Fed's inflation response has decreased and the unemployment response has increased, which suggests that the Federal Reserve's commitment to stable inflation has become weaker in the eyes of the professional forecasters.     

Estimating the New Keynesian Phillips Curve: A Vertical Production Chain Approach

It has become customary to estimate the New Keynesian Phillips Curve (NKPC) with generalized method of moments using a large instrument set that includes lags of variables that are ad hoc to the firm's price-decision problem. Researchers have also conventionally used real unit labor cost (RULC) as the proxy for real marginal cost even though it is difficult to support its significance. This paper introduces a new proxy for the real marginal cost term as well as a new instrument set, both of which are based on the micro foundations of the vertical chain of production. I find that the new proxy, based on input prices as opposed to wages, provides a more robust and significant fit to the model. Instruments that are based on the vertical chain of production appear to be both more valid and relevant toward the model.     

货币乘数还存在吗

随着货币供给内生性日趋增强,发达国家业已放弃货币总量指标作为货币政策中介目标。这反映出货币乘数论的前提条件已大大弱化,那么,货币乘数是否真的失效?本文从货币乘数论的起源、作用和面临的挑战入手,认为货币乘数的本质是描述货币创造的基本机制,金融市场和金融创新的发展确实弱化了货币乘数论的基础,狭义的货币乘数论随着现代货币创造机制的复杂性逐步失效,狭义的货币乘数已不复存在,而在更加广义的货币乘数和更加复杂的货币创造机制下,中央银行面临着巨大挑战。中央银行只有与其他监管部门配合,才能控制货币供给总量,增强货币政策执行效果。     

Merger Negotiations with Stock Market Feedback

Do preoffer target stock price runups increase bidder takeover costs? We present model‐based tests of this issue assuming runups are caused by signals that inform investors about potential takeover synergies. Rational deal anticipation implies a relation between target runups and markups (offer value minus runup) that is greater than minus one‐for‐one and inherently nonlinear. If merger negotiations force bidders to raise the offer with the runup—a costly feedback loop where bidders pay twice for anticipated target synergies—markups become strictly increasing in runups. Large‐sample tests support rational deal anticipation in runups while rejecting the costly feedback loop.     

Optimal pricing barriers in a regulated market using reflected diffusion processes

We consider a class of one-dimensional (1D) reflected stochastic differential equations (SDEs). Such reflected SDE models arise as the key approximating processes in a regulated financial market system, and our main goal is to determine the set of optimal pricing barriers. We consider the running cost associated with the deviation of the process from the desired target level, and also the control cost from the interventions in an effort to keep the process inside the boundaries. Both a long-time average (ergodic) cost criterion and an infinite horizon discount cost criterion, where the discount factor is allowed to vary from one period to another, are studied, with numerical examples illustrating our main results.     

The customer has escaped

Every company makes choices about the channels it will use to go to market. Traditionally, the decision to sell through a discount superstore or a pricey boutique, for instance, was guided by customer demographics. A company would identify a target segment of buyers and go with the channel that could deliver them. It was a fair assumption that certain customer types were held captive by certain channels--if not from cradle to grave, then at least from initial consideration to purchase. The problem, the authors say, is that today's customers have become unfettered. As their channel options have proliferated, they've come to recognize that different channels serve their needs better at different points in the buying process. The result is "value poaching." For example, certain channels hope to use higher margin sales to cover the cost of providing expensive high-touch services. Potential customers use these channels to do research, then leap to a cheaper channel when it's time to buy. Customers now hunt for bargains more aggressively; they've become more sophisticated about how companies market to them; and they are better equipped with information and technology to make advantageous decisions. What does this mean for your go-to-market strategy? The authors urge companies to make a fundamental shift in mind-set toward designing for buyer behaviors, not customer segments. A company should design pathways across channels to help its customers get what they need at each stage of the buying process--through one channel or another. Customers are not mindful of channel boundaries--and you shouldn't be either. Instead, they are mindful of the value of individual components in your channels--and you should be, too.     

THE BALANCED CAPITAL STRUCTURE

At leading companies, financial executives are becoming business partners rather than just scorekeepers. In this environment, capital structure can be a source of competitive advantage, and financial strategy issues are critical: Should your company buy back shares or issue stock, grow internally or join the M & A boom, issue fixed-rate debt or stay floating? These decisions must be addressed one company at a time, balancing the competing priorities of cost, risk, and flexibility. The most important issue, target leverage, depends on the company's desired risk profile, growth plans, and debt cost considerations. But market conditions are also very important: Can the company access the equity market? How will a repurchase announcement be interpreted? Market conditions also affect the raising of debt capital. Rather than maintaining a constant mix of fixed- to floating-rate debt, companies should shift the mix during high- or low-yield environments. Many other financing issues will effectively be decided by market convention. For example, meeting a company's needs with respect to seniority, maturity structure, call flexibility, and financial covenants is often accomplished simply by choosing the market that most closely matches the firm's cost and risk preferences.     

Estimating the credibility of an exchange rate target zone

Recent breakthroughs in the theory of exchange rate target zones have not been followed by similar contributions on the empirical side. The drift adjustment method of evaluating the credibility of a target zone has become common practice. However, the estimates of the expected rate of depreciation inside the band do not model knowledge of the band in the agents' information set. In this paper, a rational expectations limited-dependent variable method to estimate the expected rate of depreciation is used to remedy this weakness. In the case of the franc-mark target zone with daily data covering a 4-year period, we show that expected rates of devaluation of the order of 2.5% were still present in the early 1990s. Their reappearance in the autumn of 1992 may thus not be surprising.     

The market for corporate control and the cost of debt

How do bondholders view the existence of an open market for corporate control? Between 1985 and 1991, 30 states in the U.S. enacted business combination (BC) laws, raising the cost of corporate takeovers. Relying on these exogenous events, we estimate the influence of the market for corporate control on the cost of debt. We identify different channels through which an open market for corporate control can benefit or harm bondholders: a reduction in managerial slack or the “quiet life,” resulting in higher profitability and firm value; a coinsurance effect, in which firms become less risky after being acquired; and an increasing leverage effect, in which bondholder wealth is expropriated through leverage-increasing takeovers. Consistent with the first two mechanisms, we find that the cost of debt rose after the passage of the BC laws; moreover, it rose sharply for firms in non-competitive industries, and for firms rated speculative-grade. In contrast, there is virtually no effect for firms in competitive industries, or firms rated investment-grade.     

Foreign-exchange intervention strategies and market expectations: insights from Japan

This study extends the traditional set of central bank's interventions to include official announcements in order to provide empirical evidence on two pivotal questions: (i) are FX authorities able to influence market expectations with different instruments? (ii) how should interventions be designed to have the greatest impact? Using Japanese data over 1992–2004 and an event-study approach, we estimate the effect of different strategies on the USD/JPY exchange-rate risk-neutral density. Overall, transparent policies (public and oral interventions) appear to be the most effective. Moreover, the effect is greater when policies involve a financial cost (risk) suggesting that simple announcements can only be deemed as an imperfect substitute for actual interventions.