共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Jon P. Nelson 《Review of Industrial Organization》2003,22(1):1-25
Using a panel of 45 states for the period 1982–1997,this study analyzes the importance of severalrestrictive alcohol regulations, including advertising bans for billboards, bans of price advertising, state monopoly control of retail stores, and changes in the minimum legal drinking age. In contrast to previous research, the study allows for substitution among beverages as a response to a regulation that targets a specific beverage. A restrictive law that applies only to one beverage (or one form of advertising) can result in substitution toward other beverages (or non-banned media). Allowing for substitution means that the net effect on total alcohol consumption is uncertain, and must be determined empirically. The empirical results demonstrate that monopoly control of spirits reduces consumption of that beverage, and increases consumption of wine. The effect on beer is positive, but is not statistically significant. The net effect on total alcohol is significantly negative. Higher minimum legal drinking age laws have negative effects on beverage and total alcohol consumption. Bans of advertising do not reduce total alcohol consumption, which partly reflects substitution effects. The study thus demonstrates the possible unintended consequences of restrictive alcohol regulations. 相似文献
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自然垄断边界变化与政府管制的调整 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
自然垄断是政府管制的传统领域之一。技术水平变化、需要扩大以及市场扩张,都在不断地改变自然垄断的传统边界,政府管制的边界也随着发生很大的变化,管制的方法也更多的地借鉴市场和竞争的思路。我国自然垄断是具有自然和人为双重垄断因素,更多地具有政府垄断的特点。由于制度变革、技术变迁和市场扩大的共同作用,我国自然垄断的边界以及政府管制范围和方法也在发生着深刻的变化。 相似文献
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我国“三驾马车”与电力需求关系研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
基于投入产出理论,从整个社会需求与生产的联系入手,研究“三驾马车”与电力需求之间的关系,为剖析电力与经济的关系提供方法。首先构建了“三驾马车”拉动电力需求的数学模型,然后利用我国已公布的5张竞争型投入产出表编制了5张非竞争型投入产出表,在此基础上测算了我国“三驾马车”对电力需求的拉动作用及其变化情况。研究表明:在我国,“三驾马车”中的消费对电力需求的拉动作用最大,其次是投资,出口的拉动作用最小,2000年以来,消费的拉动作用在逐年下降,投资和出口的拉动作用在逐年上升。 相似文献
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Howard A. Shelanski Joseph Farrell Daniel Hanner Christopher J. Metcalf Mary W. Sullivan Brett W. Wendling 《Review of Industrial Organization》2012,41(4):303-319
Economists at the Federal Trade Commission pursue the agency??s competition and consumer protection missions. In this year??s essay, in antitrust, we discuss two recent mergers that involved Rx drugs: First, we describe key elements of the inquiry into the Express Scripts/Medco transaction in the pharmacy benefit management industry. Next, we analyze a merger that involved drugs that are used to treat patent ductus arteriosus: a condition that affects premature babies. On the consumer protection side, we discuss a pricing strategy??drip pricing??that involves the release of price information about a multi-part product over time as the consumer goes through the purchase process. 相似文献
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Two empirical models are used to implement the arbitrage pricing theory: the factor loading model (FLM) and the macrovariable model (MVM). This study compares the ability of these two models to explain real estate returns using equity REIT returns as a proxy. Two tests are performed: a comparison of crosssectional adjusted-R2's and the Davidson and Mackinnon test. The results show that while the two models perform equally well during the period 1974–1979, the MVM outperforms the FLM over the periods 1980–1985 and 1986–1991. In addition, both models suggest superior financial performance for EREITs relative to other investments in the market during the period 1980–1985. 相似文献
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This paper considers the capacity choice of duopolists who set price ex-ante under demand uncertainty with risk-neutrality. The duopolists compete for market shares on the basis of availability of supply, rather than by price competition. Collusive pricing coexists with Cournot–Nash capacity choice. A formal model is presented, where the market share of each firm may deviate from the certainty share due to rationing. With shares reflecting different costs, capacity utilisation for the lower cost firm is expected to be substantially lower. The implications for the price-cost margin and capacity formation are also explored. 相似文献
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根据研究目的,按照一定标准选取了国内2009~2013年关于人才需求预测的20篇文献,从预测的主要类型、主要思路和主要方法三个方面对这些文献进行了归纳总结和深入分析,得出了进行人才需求预测的基本类型、基本思路和基本方法,并对目前的研究进展进行了评价,指出了目前研究中存在的问题. 相似文献
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在新疆玛纳斯县新农村建设进程中,玛纳斯县农民是主要的建设者和受益者。在追求自身发展进程中,玛纳斯县农民存在显著的信贷需求,但是这种信贷需求的具体表现形式并不清晰。依据玛纳斯县农民创业信贷需求问卷的调查资料,对玛纳斯县农民信贷需求的特征进行尝试性的总结,指出当前玛纳斯县农民创业信贷需求中存在需求不能被充分满足、农民金融素质不理想等问题,并得出若干结论。 相似文献
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吕咏梅 《石油化工技术经济》2005,21(2):39-43
2003年世界苯胺生产能力约为3840kt/a,主要用于生产4,4,-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI),国内苯胺生产能力约460kt/a,目前需求量约为340kt/a。文章分析了国内外苯胺消费现状,并对未来的发展作了预测,随着未来MDI的快速发展,消费结构调整加快。2006年我国苯胺生产能力将达到950kt/a,而总需求量预计为730~740kt,因此,建议我国苯胺企业尤其是中小型企业:(1)增加向周边国家出口苯胺及其下游产品;(2)适当扩大中小型苯胺装置的生产规模,并配套生产下游产品。 相似文献
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介绍了我国电力工业发展现状,分析了2013年以来我国电力工业运行情况,对电力工业中长期发展进行了预测,最后提出了3点针对性的建议。 相似文献
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世界乙烯产需概况及展望 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
夏磊 《石油化工技术经济》2005,21(1):51-54
概括了全球乙烯工业的发展现状,分析了全球主要的乙烯生产地区、生产国、生产商和生产装置的情况。对全球乙烯和乙烯衍生物的生产和需求做了统计与预测,中国大陆和中东地区在未来几年内将成为全球乙烯及石化产业发展的重心。 相似文献
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中国石油供需与石油安全 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:13
中国是世界上石油生产与消费大国之一。随着中国国民经济的快速增长。对石油进口的依赖程度逐年加深,如何保证石油供给已成为一个关系到国民经济可持续发展的重要问题。文章分析了中国石油供需形势,在结合世界石油资源及供应前景的基础上,对21世纪的中国石油安全战略进行了思索,并指出了保证中国石油安全的具体措施。 相似文献
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甲醇供需现状及预测 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
邹劲松 《石油化工技术经济》2000,16(3):39-44
甲醇面临着供过于求的严峻形势。文章分析了国内外甲醇的生产、消费、应用结构和市场需求 ,并在此基础上预测了未来甲醇的供需及价格走势。 相似文献