The Doctoral Origins of Economics Faculty and the Education of New Economics Doctorates

For the open economy, the workhorse model in intermediate textbooks still is the Mundell-Fleming model, which basically extends the investment and savings, liquidity preference and money supply (IS-LM) model to open economy problems. The authors present a simple New Keynesian model of the open economy that introduces open economy considerations into the closed economy consensus version and that still allows for a simple and comprehensible analytical and graphical treatment. Above all, their model provides an efficient tool kit for the discussion of the costs and benefits of fixed and flexible exchange rates, which also was at the core of the Mundell-Fleming model.     

法经济学的现实主义溯源

第一次法经济学运动是从两奈主线展开的：旧制度经济学和法学现实主义。从进步主义时代的经济学家对经济学自由主义的批判,到旧制度经济学对经济学形式主义的攻击,都凸显了对现实的关注和制度的探究。康芒斯对“财产”与“财产权利”的区分及对“交易”概念的一般化为科斯的交易成本理论和科斯定理架起制度和交易成本、新古典理论和法律经济学之间的桥梁提供了基础;对现实主义法学来说,无论是霍姆斯的“法律的生命是行动,而不是逻辑”的主张,还是庞德提出的“书本上的法”与“行动中的法”差异的观点都着眼于瓦解和攻击法学教条主义和形式主义的法学自足性,从而努力弥合法律理论和法律实践的鸿沟。其价值在于引入外在的视角来研究法律,从而使得经济学有可能成为法学分析中有力的外在视角。     

中国银行业竞争的外部性经济学溯源

中国金融业全面对外资开放,银行业的竞争格局面临重塑.分析了中国银行业竞争态势,揭示了中外银行业竞争格局异同的深层文化因素和外部性理论的起源及其在金融产业经济中的发展过程,提出外部性理论演进对中国银行业竞争的启示.     

The Economics of Transition and the Transition of Economics*

The economics of transition is the study of the economic transformation from one economic system–central planning–to another, a market system. This paper discusses a number of issues in reform strategy and experiences with reform of Eastern Europe. It is argued that the economics of transition has a wider significance that transcends specific issues of reform strategy and individual country experience. That significance lies in two areas; as a ‘living test’ of the neoclassical model which underpins the reform strategy and as an ultimate challenge to the economics discipline.     

发展经济学视角下的当代中国民营经济

发展经济学旨在研究发展中国家的经济发展问题,经历了三个阶段。本文认为,我国的经济发展历程以及民营经济的发展锲合了发展经济学的发展,同时,发展经济学的观点对我国当前民营经济的发展具有现实指导意义。     

Tracing the Origins of Personalist Economics to Aristotle and Aquinas

Personalist Economics has identified a central problem in Neoclassical Economics that originates in its representation of the economic agent as homo economicus and its grounding in individualism. Both flaws are directly addressed by Personalist Economics that has a different perspective on human nature as set forth in Personalism. Our remarks are presented in three sections. In the first section we address why individualism is an unsatisfactory philosophical foundation for modern economic theory. In the second section we trace the origins of Personalist Economics to Aristotle and Aquinas. While others, such as Heinrich Pesch and Joseph Schumpeter, played important roles in the evolution of Personalist Economics, here our efforts are restricted to the contributions of Aristotle and Aquinas. In the third section we explore how, in terms of 18 tenets, Personalist Economics and a Personalist economy differ from Mainstream Economics and the individualistic market economy.     

Economics of Social Capital*

The literature on the idea of ‘social capital’ is now enormous. Offering an alternative to impersonal markets and coercive states, the communitarian institutions built around social capital have looked attractive to scholars in the humanities and social sciences. The literature in consequence has a warm glow to it. In this article, I first study the various contexts in which the promises people make to one another are credible and then suggest that the accumulation of social capital is a possible route to creating such a context. I offer a tight definition of social capital – namely, interpersonal networks – so as not to prejudge its ability to enhance human well-being. The links between the microfoundations of social capital and the macroeconomic performance of economies are then studied. I also show that economic theory not only identifies circumstances in which communitarian institutions can function well, but that it also uncovers a dark side, namely, their capicity to permit one group to exploit another within long-term relationships.     

关于新政治经济学的思考

本文认为,建立社会主义新政治经济学的指导思想仍然应是马克思主义。其研究对象是生产关系及其经济运行;新政治经济学也应该讲政治。     

Teaching the Minimum Wage in Econ 101 in Light of the New Economics of the Minimum Wage

The author argues that the recent controversy over the effect of the minimum wage on employment offers an opportunity for teaching introductory economics. Research findings on the minimum wage could be used to motivate alternative models of the labor market, such as monopsony and search models, and to teach students how economists test hypotheses with data.     

The Economics of International Policy Coordination*

One aspect of reforming the world monetary system is the issue of designing a set of ‘rules of the game’ within which countries can pursue their own national objectives and yet which still leads to some form of global coordination of macroeconomic policies. The issue of strategic interactions between countries has recently received some analytical insights with the application of game theory to the economics literature on interdependence between countries. The purpose of this paper is to survey these recent applications of static and dynamic game theory to the question of international policy coordination. It also surveys the results of the few empirical attempts to measure the potential gains to coordination.     

新结构经济学-重构发展经济学的框架

经济发展本质上是一个技术、产业不断创新,结构不断变化的过程。发展经济学在二战后刚成为现代经济学中的一个分支时,结构主义的观点占主流,认为经济结构外生决定,强调市场失灵及政府在改变经济结构、促进经济发展中的作用。由于结构主义所主张的以政府主导产业结构升级的政策在发展中国家普遍失败,到了20世纪70年代以后,发展经济学转而以华盛顿共识为主流,强调政府失灵,片面侧重市场的作用,并且忽视了对结构及其变迁问题的研究。本文提出新结构经济学的理论框架,认为经济结构内生决定于要素禀赋结构,并倡导以新古典经济学的方法来研究经济结构及其变迁,以及政府、市场在此过程所起的作用,以弥补当前发展经济学的不足。     

新──制度经济学思想评介

新──制度经济学是西方经济学流派中的一个重要的非主流学派,本文在介绍新──制度经济学的产生及基本观点的基础上,对其学术意义和发展前景作了评价。     

马克思主义经济学特征新论

只有回到马克思主义的世界观和方法论,才能准确把握经典马克思主义经济学的科学性。经典马克思主义经济学既是科学又是相对的科学。①经典马克思主义经济学的实践性、历史观、人本位特征,都是马克思主义创始人确立经济理论体系的立论前提和理论基础,是科学的世界观和方法论;马克思主义创始人依据时代的迫切需要确定重大选题的思想方法,依据研究目的确定研究对象和研究路径、依据历史与逻辑相统一的准则选用各种具体方法的思维方法,也是普遍适用的科学方法;他们揭示市场经济普遍规律和社会经济发展一般规律的研究结论,都是具有现实意义的科学理论。这三个方面表明经典马克思主义经济学是具有普遍意义的科学。经典马克思主义经济学研究范围或边界的确定,两重分析法和抽象分析法的灵活运用,确定经济范畴涵义特定的角度和方法,同其研究目的相对而言才具有科学性;马克思主义创始人确立的经济理论体系,相对于他们的研究目的而言才是系统而完整的科学体系;他们揭示一百多年前资本主义特殊经济规律的研究结论,相对于那个历史时代才是科学的理论。这三个方面表明经典马克思主义经济学是具有特殊意义的相对的科学。正因为经典马克思主义经济学是相对的科学,在研究目的、研究内容、研究方法、研究结论方面都有理论创新的空间,是与时俱进的能够发展的科学。     

The Fall and Rise of Keynesian Economics*

Keynesian economics came under much criticism in the 1970s This paper argues that the decline in Keynesian economics and the rise in, notably, new classical economics in this period related to their respective theoretical appeal rather than their ability to explain developments in the macroeconomy. As this has become increasingly recognized, and with the development of sound microeconomic foundations, Keynesian economics has again been on the rise.