数字普惠金融缓解中小企业融资约束了吗？——基于金融市场化进程的实证检验

基于中国金融市场化进程,以深沪A股上市公司样本数据,利用现金——现金流敏感性模型探究数字普惠金融对中小企业融资约束的影响。研究发现,数字普惠金融能够显著的缓解中小企业融资约束;但对不同类型企业的影响存在异质性,相较于大型企业和国有企业,数字普惠金融对民营和中小企业融资约束的缓解作用更显著;进一步研究发现,金融市场化发展的不同阶段会影响数字普惠金融作用于中小企业融资约束。政策含义是：在推动数字金融发展以缓解企业融资约束的同时,应当注重金融市场化的影响。     

数字普惠金融、融资约束与企业价值 ——基于中国2011—2018上市A股公司的经验数据

伴随着数字技术日新月异的发展,数字普惠金融成为金融改革和发展的重中之重.本文以2011—2018年沪深两市A股上市企业为研究对象,并与北京大学数字普惠金融指数进行匹配,实证检验数字普惠金融发展对企业价值提升的影响及内在机理.研究发现:数字普惠金融发展对于企业价值提升具有显著影响,覆盖广度和使用深度是促进企业价值提升的主要作用维度;企业融资约束发挥中介效应,数字普惠金融有效拓宽了企业资金来源,提高了融资效率,缓解了融资约束,促进企业价值的长期提升;财务柔性和社会责任发挥调节效应,正向调节数字普惠金融对企业价值的促进作用.     

分析师缓解了融资约束吗? ——基于数字金融的调节效应

基于2011—2020年深沪两市A股上市公司数据,利用北京大学数字普惠金融市级层面数据与微观企业数据相匹配,探讨分析师、数字金融与融资约束的关系.研究发现:分析师和数字金融都显著缓解融资约束,且数字金融为分析师提供信息补充,有效加强分析师对融资约束的缓解效应.进一步地,通过企业生命周期异质性分析发现,相比成长期企业,数字金融对分析师的调节效应在成熟期及衰退期企业更明显.因此,通过规范我国分析师行业发展,提高金融市场化程度,加强分析师与数字金融对企业融资约束的缓解作用,从而促进经济发展.     

中小企业数字化转型、供应链金融发展与融资约束缓解

在产业数字化大背景下,中小企业数字化转型能否以及如何缓解融资约束成为研究的热点。本文以2013—2021年深证中小板和创业板上市公司数据为样本,实证检验中小企业数字化转型对融资约束的影响及作用路径。研究发现：（1）中小企业数字化转型能缓解其面临的融资约束。（2）促进供应链金融发展是中小企业数字化转型缓解融资约束的重要路径。（3）异质性分析发现：数字化转型通过供应链金融缓解融资约束的路径主要出现在民营企业、供应链上下游集中度较高的企业、制造业企业、南方地区企业、数字金融发展水平较低地区企业中。本文对促进中小企业数字化转型以及推动数字供应链金融发展进而缓解其融资约束具有一定启示。     

数字普惠金融、供应链金融与融资约束

以2014-2020年我国中小板和创业板上市医药企业为研究样本,根据现金-现金流敏感性模型建立扩展模型,检验供应链金融对企业融资约束的缓解效果以及数字普惠金融对缓解效果的调节作用,最后进行企业经营绩效下的差异化分组检验。检验结果表明:我国中小医药企业存在融资约束现象,且经营绩效欠佳企业的融资约束程度更大;供应链金融可以缓解融资约束,且对经营绩效欠佳企业的缓解作用强于经营绩效良好的企业;数字普惠金融可以正向调节供应链金融对融资约束的缓解效果,且对经营绩效良好企业的增强作用大于经营绩效欠佳企业;数字普惠金融发挥正向调节作用主要通过数字金融的使用深度和数字化程度来实现。     

数字金融何以纾解中小企业融资之困?

在推动普惠金融创新实践进程中,数字技术与金融业态的深度融合能否有效缓解实体经济长期面临的融资困境亟待被进一步检验。基于中国中小企业板和创业板的微观面板数据,本文对数字金融是否有助于纾解当前中小企业普遍面临的融资约束难题及其作用机制进行分析。研究发现,数字金融发展对缓解中小企业融资约束具有显著的促进作用,并且这一效应在民营企业、规模较小企业和金融欠发达地区企业中尤为突出。研究还发现,数字金融主要通过提高信贷可得性和降低融资成本两个渠道缓解中小企业融资约束。在采用工具变量法克服内生性、重新测度融资约束指数和开展不同维度的纵深检验后,结论依然稳健。为此,本文认为解决融资难和融资贵问题应当注重发挥数字金融的普惠性特征和长尾效应。     

供应链金融缓解中小医药企业融资约束研究——基于数字普惠金融的调节作用

本文基于中小板和创业板上市医药企业2014—2021年面板数据，实证检验供应链金融对中小医药企业融资约束的作用效果以及数字普惠金融在其中起到的调节作用，最后对不同供应链合作稳定性进行分组检验。研究发现：（1）供应链金融可以缓解我国中小医药企业存在的融资约束，且对供应链合作稳定性高的企业的缓解作用更强；（2）数字普惠金融整体发展可以正向调节供应链金融对融资约束的缓解效果，且对供应链合作稳定性低的企业起到更强的正向调节作用，其中覆盖广度和使用深度的作用尤为明显。基于此提出，推动供应链金融进一步发展、中小企业应积极开展企业数字化转型任务、深入推进数字普惠金融发展、中小企业走“专精特新”发展思路等政策建议。     

审计意见、供应链金融与中小企业融资约束——来自创业板上市公司的经验证据

中小企业融资困难是企业、政府和学术界关注的焦点问题。本文在研究审计意见和供应链金融缓解创业板融资约束的基础上,创设性地探究了不同审计意见下供应链金融缓解创业板融资约束的差异。研究结果表明,创业板上市公司存在融资约束现象,好的审计意见、供应链金融均能缓解其融资约束,并且供应链金融缓解融资约束强度与审计意见质量负相关。     

数字普惠金融对科技型中小企业融资约束的缓解作用研究

数字普惠金融的快速应用，为缓解我国科技型中小企业融资约束问题带来新契机。本文将2012-2021年科技型中小企业数据作为样本，通过实证检验探究数字普惠金融对其融资约束的作用机制。研究发现，数字普惠金融可以有效缓解科技型中小企业的融资约束问题，且其缓解作用存在“衰退期>成长期>成熟期”的阶段异质性；此外，数字普惠金融还能通过降低融资成本来纾解其融资约束。基于此，本文提出应从坚持发展数字普惠金融、提高借贷双方信息透明度和实施差异化支持政策三个方面来缓解科技型中小企业融资约束。     

数字金融对制造业企业生产技术升级的影响北大核心

本文利用中国2011—2013年企业层面的微观数据,通过构建理论模型分析数字金融发展对中国制造业企业生产技术水平的影响。结果显示,数字金融发展显著促进了企业生产技术升级,其作用渠道包括缓解企业融资约束、降低融资成本和优化区域产业结构。相对而言,数字金融发展对外资企业、民营企业和中等生产率水平企业的生产技术升级的促进作用更强;传统金融发展水平和数字基础设施水平在数字金融发挥外溢效应的过程中起到了重要支撑作用。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

Short-sale refinancing and price adjustment speed to bad news: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

Short selling may accelerate stock price adjustment to negative news. However, the literature provides mixed evidence for this prediction. Using short-sale refinancing and a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper explores the effect of short selling on stock price adjustment. Our results show that (1) short-sale refinancing improves the speed of stock price adjustment to negative news. This result holds after we control for endogeneity. (2) The positive relationship between short-sale refinancing and stock price adjustment speed is significant in subsamples of stocks with higher earnings management or lower accuracy of analyst forecasts, indicating that firms with more opaque information are more likely to be targeted by short sellers. In subsamples of stocks with a higher ownership concentration or lower ownership by institutional investors, short selling is more likely to increase the speed of stock price adjustment, indicating that ownership structure may influence negative news mining. (3) As short-sale refinancing exacerbates the absorption of bad news by stock prices, it increases crash risk. This study enriches the research on the economic consequences of short selling and provides empirical evidence supporting regulations on short selling in China.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:     

The China puzzle: Opportunities for accounting research

How can China achieve phenomenal economic growth despite what is considered as 'weak' institutions in market-based economies? Xu(2011) provides a framework to u...     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original