Sollten Zentralbanken unabhängig sein? Ergänzungen zu Stefan Schäfer

This article extends the inspection of Central Bank Independence (CBI) with respect to inflation performance to an examination of the relationship between CBI and economic welfare in general. The common view of monetary neutrality, i.e. a “free lunch” of CBI with respect to economic growth and employment, is contested on the basis of neo- and post-Keynesian theories of policy interactions and market constellations. Nevertheless, the fact has to be taken seriously that there is a broad discussion under way about the merits of CBI. The defenders of CBI must be on the lookout against a broad political and scientific offensive against the cornerstones of “German stability culture”.     

Prävention und Management von Staatsinsolvenzen in der Europäischen Währungsunion

Der Umgang mit den Schuldenkrisen in einigen Eurol?ndern steht derzeit ganz oben auf der Tagesordnung der EWU-Gremien. Der Rettungsschirm zur aktuellen Krisenbew?ltigung ist allerdings bis 2013 befristet. Danach sollte ein dauerhafter Krisenpr?ventions- und Krisenmanagementmechanismus eingesetzt werden. Wie ein solcher Mechanismus zu gestalten ist, erl?utern die Autoren in diesem Beitrag.     

Der Europäische Stabilitätsmechanismus ist eine Hydra

After the German Federal Constitutional Court had given its consent to the ratification of the ESM Treaty in an interim proceeding with judgment dated 12 September 2012, subject to several precautionary provisions, the court audience of the main action took place on the 11–12 June 2013. Apart from the acts approving the ESM and the fiscal treaty as well as the regulation (EU) 1176/2011, the German Constitutional Court dealt intensely with the announcement of the ECB Council dated 6 September 2012 to buy bond issues to an unlimited extent from ESM/EFSF-programme states (the so-called OMT programme). The author is the attorney in the procedure 2 BvR 1824/12 of Professor von Stein and others. The article reproduces the essential points of his opening and closing pleadings.     

Tarifeinheit versus Tarifpluralität: Konfliktintensität von Verhandlungen

In some industries, wage negotiations are conducted not only by labour unions covering the whole sector but also by craft unions representing single occupations. A comprehensive evaluation of wage disputes in Germany shows that craft unions are especially confrontational. Particular problems arise if several conflict-prone unions representing employees of the same company enter into competition with each other. The cumulative effects of such a situation can undermine the legal ban on industrial action while a collective wage agreement is in force. This damage could be limited by legislation regulating competition among trade unions and restoring exclusivity for wage agreements at the plant level (one company = one agreement).     

Gefährdet TTIP die ökonomische Zukunftsfähigkeit?

This article contributes to the discussion on the economic effects of TTIP by focusing on the opportunities for the participating economies of enhancing their innovative capacities. Referring to the insights of Neo-Schumpeterian evolutionary innovation economics the article concludes that according to the currently published documents the legal properties of TTIP can harm the ability of states to adapt their regulatory standards — a main instrument for a dynamic and technology-specific innovation policy. The missing flexibility for the new supranational standards can be a major reason for difficulties in the reform of standards aiming at a “creative disturbance” of market processes by the state in order to stimulate innovative activities and to induce additional growth.     

Flexible Geschäftsmodelle in der Telekommunikation und die Netzneutralitätsdebatte

The net neutrality debate concerns the differential treatment of data on the Internet and the pricing models used by enduser internet service providers (IPSs). In particular, end-user ISPs may want to prioritize certain services and charge on the sender or the receiver side for this activity. In the policy debate it is asked whether regulatory intervention is warranted to restrict such behavior. The introduction of new end-user tariffs for fixed-line Internet access by Deutsche Telekom has heated up the debate in Germany. At the national level, the German Ministry of Economics and Technology has prepared a draft regulation on net neutrality, which aims at limiting the differential treatment of data transmission on the internet including the access networks and, thus, to protect the “Open Internet”. The European Commission has prepared an alternative draft regulation for a single European market in telecommunications, which contains provisions for an “Open Internet”. In this article, the authors investigate the extent to which the new tariff structure by Deutsche Telekom relates to the net neutrality debate. They also provide a first critical analysis of the proposals by the German Ministry of Economics and Technology and the European Commission.     

Anlageverhalten auf Finanzmärkten

Despite a global homogenisation of financial markets, some characteristic national structures of private investors’ behaviour have been preserved. The underlying persistence of observable differences is due to the embeddedness of these markets in historical, institutional and cultural frameworks. Thus, the perception of financial risk is a function of culturally inherited social norms and conventions attached to different financial risk-taking domains. Private investors’ behaviour is guided by heterogeneous versions of rationality, thus explaining why households in bank-based systems like Germany provide banks with “patient capital” even at the price of lower return expectations.     

Lebt Deutschland auf Kosten südeuropäischer Länder?

Deutschland wird vorgeworfen, in der Europ?ischen W?hrungsunion eine „beggar-thyneighbour“-Politik zu betreiben. Die Autoren weisen diese Kritik zurück. Sie vertreten vielmehr die Auffassung, dass die deutsche Wirtschaft durch die Arbeitsmarktreformen sowie die Lohnzurückhaltung positiv beeinfl usst wurde und angesichts der demografi schen Perspektive Leistungsbilanzüberschüsse bzw. steigende Ersparnisse vorausschauend sind.