产权、法律与公司治理

近年来针对公司治理的实证研究发现,产权、法律、市场以及企业组织形式等对公司治理机制具有重要影响.一个国家的产权和法律制度决定着其公司治理结构的演进路径和特征.在我国新兴加转轨的资本市场上,由于缺乏对投资者的有效司法保护,其他外部市场机制如何替代司法保护不足以促进公司治理改革和完善,将成为未来研究的重要课题之一.     

知识产权法、反不正当竞争法和反垄断法的关系初探

知识产权法、反不正当竞争法和反垄断法都是出现得比较晚的三个法律部门,其中,反垄断法出现的时间最晚,虽然"三法"有区别,但它们之间更存在着非常密切的联系。"三法"由于立法的直接目的不同,所以在保护的方式、保护的侧重点、保护的主体和保护过程中的司法适用领域上有所不同。但它们的立法的最终目的相同、具有亲缘关系、指导的原则具有相通性、调整对象的性质相同和适用的专业领域相同。因此它们之间在某些方面具有同源的亲缘关系,即同属于民事法律范畴,但同时又相互交叉,互为补充,相互作用存在着不可分割的联系,这样就建立了一个竞争法体系,有利于竞争但同时有不损害市场规则,不至于因为竞争而导致恶性循环,也不形成垄断而障碍市场经济的发展。     

对我国现时夫妻财产制度的探讨

夫妻财产制度，是有关夫妻财产的使用、归属、管理、收益，以及夫妻债务的清偿，夫妻家庭生活等费用的负担，婚姻终止时夫妻财产的清算和分割等的法律制度。夫妻财产制度是夫妻婚姻家庭生活得以正常运转的物质保证，因而它的完善关系到夫妻财产关系平等与否，关系到与夫妻发生交易的第三人的利益安全问题，关系到社会经济的发展问题。     

Property,Power, and Public Choice: An Inquiry into Law and Economics

This article briefly describes the evolution of the recent economic crisis based on different theories toward my own interpretation of it. The deregulation wave of the last decades has created new profit opportunities in various contexts — from labor flexibility to privatization and from financialization to globalization — so promoting a renewed process of capitalist accumulation after the stagflation of the 1970s. This has taken place at the cost of a wide-ranging increase in inequality and instability, thus bringing a cascade of crises, including the latest one of 2008.     

Till Death Do Us Part or I Get My Pension? Wives' Pension Holding and Marital Dissolution in the United States

Wives' financial independence gained from their pension may increase the risk of marital dissolution, especially when wives are approaching retirement age (the older wives' independence hypothesis). Applying single and simultaneous equations probit models to data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we investigate the effect of wives' pension holding in 1984 on the risk of subsequent marital dissolution. Results from the single equation model appear to support the older wives' independence hypothesis. However, results from the simultaneous equations model suggest that interpreting the single equation results as a sign of older wives' economic independence may be misleading.
JEL classification : C 33; D 31; J 12; J 32     

法、法治与宪政（下）

法治是宪政的必要基础,并捍卫着宪政体制的生存和稳定,没有法治就没有宪政。如果法律仅仅是统治者(立法者或执法者)意志的体现,那就没有法治,也就无宪政可言。宪政的目标决不是简单地限制政府权力。宪政的目标是建立一个有效的、负责的、公正的、保护个人基本权利的政治和法律体系;这就要求宪法赋予政府足够的、有效的权力来管理公共事务和保持社会安全及稳定。     

Property Taxation, Capitalization, and the Economic Implications of Raising Property Taxes

This study applies a hedonic pricing model to provide further empirical evidence whether, in the spirit of Tiebout (Journal of Political Economy 64(1):416?C424, 1956), Oates (Journal of Political Economy 77(6):957?C971, 1969), and Tullock (Journal of Political Economy 79(5):913?C918, 1971), property taxes in particular have been capitalized into housing prices in the city of Savannah, Georgia housing market. There were sufficient data in this context to study a total of 2,888 single-family houses for the six-year period 2000?C2005; 591 of these houses were located in the Savannah Historic Landmark District. Estimating the model in semi-log form reveals (after allowing for a variety of factors, including 12 spatial variables, four of which are de facto Tiebout type variables) that the natural log of the real sales price of a single-family house in the city of Savannah environment was in fact negatively affected by the city and county property tax level. This study is prompted by the fact that city and county governments are facing serious financial challenges and are searching for viable revenue sources. Increasing property taxes is one of the potential revenue sources being considered by elected officials. In providing current evidence on the effects of property tax in particular and on the Tiebout hypothesis in general, we seek to alert city and state governments of the potential consequences and perils of property tax hikes.     

音像制品知识产权保护的法经济学分析

本文以波斯纳定理和法经济学三个假设条件为逻辑起点，运用新古典主义分析方法，阐述了盗版制品屡禁不止的经济学根源并在此基础上进行法经济学范畴的对策分析，同时提出政策建议。本文的分析思路对于其他知识产权的保护也有一定的借鉴意义。     

Law, trade, and development

This paper uses a Ricardian model to generate predictions about the influence of institutions on trade in differentiated (complex) and commoditized (simple) products and then uses a rich international trade data set for empirical tests. The model draws the distinction between the role of international transaction costs and domestic production costs in the trade of complex and simple products. The effects of institutions predicted by the model are identified with a three-step estimation procedure. We find that when countries have low quality institutions, institutional reform primarily influences production costs and has little influence on the volume of trade. Institutional reform, however, increases the diversity of exports in complex goods markets. Conversely, in countries with more developed institutions, institutional reform primarily influences transaction costs and is associated with gains in the volume and the diversity of complex exports.     

法律,政治和金融

本文通过正式的经济计量方法和历史案例研究验证了各种解释金融发展制度差异的历史因素。在评估三种已有金融发展的历史决定理论的同时,文章对其中的一种理论进行了理论扩充。与其他同类文献相比,本文是第一篇同时考虑法与金融、政治与金融、金融发展禀赋观点的论文,也是首篇用两个不同的政治结构数据来评价政治结构与金融发展之间的关系的文章。     

Women in Business in Late Nineteenth-Century Chile: Class,Marital Status,and Economic Autonomy

This article analyzes Chilean women’s entrepreneurial activity in the 1877–1908 period examining two official data sources representing different socioeconomic business niches – the national trademark registry, which represents the elite among business people, and the Santiago business license registry, which includes the non-elite. The analysis reveals an economy with women engaging increasingly in business in an expanding range of sectors. By the 1890s, women managed nearly a quarter of Santiago’s firms and 5 percent of elite firms nationally. Widows appeared overrepresented among elite businesses and underrepresented among those of the non-elite. These results suggest that institutions constraining entrepreneurship among married women were more strongly enforced among the elite than among other social classes. The evidence thus suggests that during late nineteenth century there was an increase in the economic autonomy exercised by unmarried women and widows of all socioeconomic strata, but also by married women among the non-elite.     

财产权利、自由和平等

绝对财产权利只能保证形式自由。对于实质自由和平等目标的实现,绝对财产权利既没有存在的必要性,也不具备存在的道德合理性。因此,为了建立实现实质自由和平等的和谐社会,必须采取措施对绝对的财产权利加以限制。     

Property rights,entrepreneurship, and economic development

The Review of Austrian Economics - The disparity in economic progress across nations still confound economists. However, economists know that institutions play a significant role in economic...     

产权、竞争、管理与企业绩效

笔者首先分别剖析了产权、竞争及管理与效率的关系机理,然后分析了这三者对企业绩效的影响.结论是:对于企业绩效,单纯的产权改革是不够的,但却是必须的;竞争是必要条件,但不是充分条件;管理是企业取得效率的重要内容,但不能没有合理的产权安排作基础,也不能缺乏有效的市场竞争环境.因而,合理的产权安排、完善的市场竞争结构和有效的管理,三者的综合作用才能使企业取得满意的绩效,缺乏其中任何一个条件都将损害企业的效率.     

From Libertinism to Marital Commitment: The Economics of Marital Search with Heterogeneous Agents

Synopsis The actual characteristics and desires of candidates or marriage cannot be clearly identified without careful examination (Anderson & Hamori 2000). Accordingly, the classified advertisement system looks like a market or lemons (Akerlof 1970), which sharply contrasts with the matchmaking agency system. The continued existence of classified advertisement system just proves it furthers the goals of certain singles—namely, libertine females and libertine males. The present paper uses two databases: the first database consists of a sample of personal advertisements extracted from a specialized publication; the second database is the customer file of a matchmaking agency. This paper predicts which variables will determine the commitment level desired by individuals and why matchmaking agencies customers are more sincere than advertisers.     

论消费者权利的性质及经济法消费权的设立

消费者权利是消费者利益在法律上的体现,是国家对消费者进行保护的前提和基础.我国《消费者权益保护法》规定的消费者权利存在着宪法、民法、经济法多重属性相互交错的情况,其重要原因在于消费者权利是从主体的角度去划分和定义的,这就导致了一个主体所享有的权利极可能具有多种属性.消费权是从客体的角度定义的具有完全经济法属性的权利,是人的劳动能力的补偿和发展权.消费权的提出和研究有利于对消费者的经济法保护和社会整体经济利益的提升.     

中国知识产权保护与无过错责任原则之适用

我国加入世界贸易组织,知识产权的侵权归责将会再次成为学术界的热门话题。本文在探讨国外侵权责任适用原则的基础上,对我国目前普遍存在知识产权保护竞高超标现象进行分析,对现阶段司法保护适用TRIPS严格责任原则提出了质肄。     

知识产权涉外担保融资的法律适用

在信息经济社会,知识产权成为企业担保融资的主要标的。在知识产权国际担保融资中,虽然担保合同作为从合同,适用主合同的准据法,但在担保的登记和效力实现问题上,由于各国法律制度的差异,必须确定具体的法律适用。