金融危机将加剧全球货币金融体系变革

金融危机的爆发及扩散,使得人们对现行国际货币金融体系的合理性产生怀疑.美元虽然仍将保持主要国际储备货币的地位,但相对地位会下降,这为人民币等其它货币提升国际地位提供了空间.由于经济实力对比发生变化,新兴市场国家将在全球金融体系中发挥更大影响力,金融市场一体化趋势不会逆转.金融危机显示出独立投行模式的缺陷,金融业将更加趋向于综合经营.未来金融监管应与金融创新相适应.公允会计准则、评级体系等也需要进行改革.     

浅议人民币国际化的利弊

一场空前的金融海啸横扫世界经济。本次国际金融危机引发了各国对以美元为核心的金融体系多种弊端的深刻反思,在危机的过程中全球兴起了改革或重建国际货币和金融体系的争论。很多政要和研究者认为,本次金融危机是全球货币和金融体系过度依赖美元所致。改变这种均衡的体系对提振世界经济增长是必要的。美元的衰落需要新的国际货币替代。对人民币国际化的呼声日高,中国应该抓住机会实现人民币的国际化。在赞成和期待中,我们需要冷静地思考人民币国际化所面临的收益与风险。     

后危机时代美元地位研判及约束美元的对策

次贷危机爆发,特别是演变成全球金融海啸以后,世界主要国家都对现行的国际货币金融体系的缺陷提出了质疑,由此掀起了改革、重塑全球金融体系的浪潮.其中,美元在国际货币体系中的地位问题尤其受各方关注.不过,尽管全球金融危机的发生与美元本位的国际货币体系有着直接的关系,但美元的根基依然稳固,短期内并不具备彻底改变以美元为中心的国际货币体系的条件.就目前来看,积极探讨如何在现有体系下强化对美元的约束,对世界各国来说,显得更为现实,也更有意义.     

未来国际货币体系改革的模式

建立多元国际储备货币体系是大势所趋,但是这一体系仍然不稳定,未来国际货币体系改革目标模式应以美元、欧元和人民币作为储备货币,形成"三足鼎立"格局,在此基础上建立以特别提款权(SDR)作为共同储备货币,与美元、欧元和人民币并存,即"3+1+n"体系。我国应积极参与国际货币体系改革,推动人民币加入SDR篮子;与此同时,应苦练内功,加快人民币的国际化。     

国际货币体系改革、IMF债券与人民币国际化

金融危机给国际货币体系改革带来压力和动力,近期IMF批准了发行债券的框架,并与我国签订了首个债券购买协议,我国将以人民币购买不超过500亿美元的IMF债券。IMF发行债券以及我国以人民币购买对国际货币体系改革以及人民币国际化都将起到一定的推动作用,我国应抓住这个机会,"借道"IMF债券推进人民币国际化,并通过人民币国际化推动国际货币体系改革。     

国际货币体系演变规律和重建原则

本文首先指出当前美元本位国际货币体系的核心关系为美元霸主地位,其次从国际货币体系演变历史中得出政府因素和货币统一性是未来国际货币体系必须考虑的两大主要因素;本文又从美元与欧元的"滥币陷阱"规律、金融危机对美国和欧洲的影响分析了目前国际货币体系变革的必然性;最后文章提出了新国际货币体系重建的原则与可能方案.     

人民币国际化与国际货币体系改革

在商品与资本全球流动的今天,构建合理有序的国际货币体系于促进世界经济发展至关重要。回溯历史,国际货币体系大致经历了金本位制—布雷顿森林体系—牙买加体系等发展阶段,一旦旧的制度不合时宜,市场这只看不见的手会引导新的制度取而代之。后金融危机时代,要求改革牙买加体系的呼声日益高涨,未来国际货币体系将是由美元、欧元、人民币、SDR等组成的多元货币体系,人民币国际化将成为新国际货币体系的重要一环。近年来的"一带一路"战略、"亚投行"、央行多次降息、大额可转让存单的推出,无一不传递出政府推动人民币国际化的决心。然而在人民币国际化上,中国还有很长的路要走。     

人民币国际化的模式与路径探析

美国金融危机使各国深刻认识到以美元为主导的国际货币体系格局的局限性,纷纷呼吁构建新的国际货币金融体系制度。在这一背景下,我国开始了人民币国际化的工作。尤其是自2009年以来,人民币国际化的进程更呈加速之势。人民银行继2010年扩大人民币跨境贸易结算试点     

国际货币及其本质属性——基于虚拟货币的思考

货币的本质属性是一个动态范畴,布雷顿森林体系解体以来货币属性发生了新的变化.全球金融危机的爆发使美元主导的单一国际货币体系的缺陷暴露无遗,近年来市场上出现的虚拟货币并不具备充当国际货币的基础条件.在未来的国际货币体系中,美元的主导地位将不可避免地走向衰落,国际货币体系的最终形态也还是一个未知数,虚拟货币的出现及其发展为改革和设计未来的国际货币体系提供了重要经验和深刻启示.     

难舍风雨 终向辉煌——评《人民币汇率制度改革与国际化研究》

当前美元仍然是全球金融体系中的核心货币.始于美国继而席卷全球的金融危机说明,发展中国家如果不改变对核心货币的依赖,不仅无法分享经济全球化带来的收益还要一次又一次地为发达国家经济进程中的错误买单.改革国际货币体系、构建多元国际货币体系已经成为大多数国家的共识.     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.