A Parametric Estimation of Bank Efficiencies Using a Flexible Profit Function with Panel Data

This paper generalises Kumbhakar's (1996a) single product shadow profit function to a multiproduct one, which in contrast to Berger, Hancock, and Humphrey (1993) is consistent with a firm's profit maximising behaviour. By estimating a parametric translog profit function, which does not require special assumptions about the error distribution, and using panel data from Taiwan's banking industry, the following conclusions can be drawn: (i) Parameter estimates from the translog functional form are more robust than those from the Fuss (non-logarithmic) form. (ii) More than half of all potential variable profits are found to be lost due to inefficiencies. (iii) Greater reduction in profit results from deficient output revenues than from a suboptimal input mix. (iv) The model finds technical progress during the sample period. (v) A type of 'weakly' optimal scope economies is detected, which suggests that the joint production of the two products can increase profits for some banks while not hurting the profits of others.     

A Hitchhiker's Guide to the World's Household Panel Data Sets

This article describes four household panel data sets: the American Panel Study of Income Dynamics, the German Socio-Economic Panel, the British Household Panel Study, the Canadian Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics and the Cross-National Equivalent File.     

战略成本管理及应用初探

随着企业经营管理活动提高到战略层次 ,战略成本管理已越来越重要。战略成本管理的基本目标是寻求企业长久的核心竞争能力。战略成本管理的基本内容有环境分析、战略定位分析、价值链分析和成本动因分析。本文在介绍战略成本管理的基础上 ,简要分析了战略成本管理在战略规划及预算、成本控制和业绩评价方面的应用。     

A Cost Function Function for Computer-Assisted Programmed Instruction

The author provides a formal theoretical model, sans empirical testing, for determining a cost function for a computer-assisted programmed course of instruction. The structure of the model comes from queuing theory.     

Orthogonal Parameters and Panel Data

This paper describes a class of consistent estimators for short panels with fixed effects. The method is to find an orthogonal reparametrization of the fixed effects and then to integrate the new effects from the likelihood with respect to an appropriately chosen prior density. The resulting marginal posterior densities of the common parameters have modes that are shown to be consistent in the models examined here. The main result concerns the first-order autoregressive model with agent specific intercepts where the likelihood is conditional on the set of initial observations. This paper provides a consistent likelihood-based estimator for this model. Some numerical illustrations are given. The first-order conditions for the posterior mode can also be thought of as new moment conditions for GMM estimation.     

An Introduction to Machine Learning for Panel Data

International Advances in Economic Research - Machine learning has dramatically expanded the range of tools for evaluating economic panel data. This paper applies a variety of machine-learning...     

Intra-Industry Trade: A Static and Dynamic Panel Data Analysis

This study examines the features and determinants of intra-industry trade (IIT), horizontal IIT (HIIT) and vertical IIT (VIIT) between Portugal and the European Union in the period 1996–2002, using a static and a dynamic panel data analysis. The findings indicate that Portuguese VIIT increased significantly during the period in accordance with the values expected for a developed country. The regression results show that there is evidence supporting the explanation of VIIT by Heckscher–Ohlin’s (HO) theory and that Portugal has comparative advantages in low-quality differentiated products. The findings support the theory that, in general, there is no positive statistical association between HIIT and HO variables. The central theme of this paper is to show that it may be preferable to use the GMM approach in empirical studies of IIT rather than pooled OLS, fixed effects or random effects estimators. The results also suggest that the GMM system estimator obtains more reasonable parameter estimates than the first-differenced GMM estimator.

Analysis of Economic Development Cost Difference among Reaches of West River based on Panel Data

成本最小化选择是经济决策的基本规则之一,在区域发展布局上亦然。这就需要对不同类型区域的发展成本做比较分析。横贯我国西中东部、跨越南方四省（区）的西江流域在地理环境、发展成本及发展绩效上均呈现出较大的差异性,是进行此类分析的典型样域。基于面板数据的DEA和综合评价分析表明,西江流域不同域段单位产出的内部、外部和综合成本均与其地理梯度成正向关系,亦即流域发展成本大致呈上游〉中游〉下游的空间差异性和梯度性。此差异可能意味着需重新审视区域协调发展与均衡发展的关系、战略及政策。     

Investment Under Monetary Uncertainty: A Panel Data Investigation

There is a presumption in the literature that price or exchange rate uncertainty, or uncertainty in the monetary conditions underlying them, will have a negative effect on investment. Some argue that this negative effect will be extended by imperfect competition. However, models of irreversible investment show that the situation is more complicated than that. In these models, investment expenditures are affected by the scrapping price available on world markets and also by the opportunity cost of waiting rather than investing. The impact of uncertainty is therefore going to depend on the type of industry and hence on the industrial structure of the economy concerned. In addition, it may depend on the persistence of any price misalignments away from competitive equilibrium. In this paper, we put these theoretical predictions to the test. We estimate investment equations for 13 different industries using data for nine OECD countries over the period 1970–2000. We find that the impact of price uncertainty is negative or insignificant in all but one case whereas the impact of (nominal) exchange rate uncertainty is negative in only six cases, positive in four cases, and insignificant in three others. In addition, there are conflicting effects from the real exchange rate. The net effect depends on whether the source of the uncertainty is in domestic markets or in foreign markets.     

Pricing to Market of German Exporters: Evidence from Panel Data

This paper investigates pricediscrimination of German exporters across differentforeign markets. We examine the degree of pass-throughof exchange rate fluctuations in the pricing of 70export items. The model is estimated using panel dataon export unit values. Parameter estimation relies onGMM first difference, fixed effects, LAD, OLS firstdifference, and the random coefficients model. Themain results for 70 manufactured goods and 15destination countries between 1990–1994 are: Thedegree of pricing to market differs among destinationsand products. Highest pricing to market is observedfor U.S., Japan, Italy and Spain. Pricing to market ismore prevalent in exports of chemicals and fertilisersthan in machinery products.     

中国投资产出效率演变中的消费抑制——基于国民收入总需求方程的省际面板数据分析

基于国民收入总需求方程的理论研究表明,投资产出效率与消费-投资之比呈倒U型关系,其最优值取决于消费-投资之比与投资增长率的动态均衡.投资增长率是影响投资产出效率变动趋势的关键因素,而消费抑制减弱了投资驱动对经济增长的贡献.1992-2007年中国的省级面板数据研究表明,近五年84%的省区年度消费率低于最优的消费率水平,而且消费率有逐渐下降的趋势.因此,消费与投资的结构优化有助于投资产出效率的提升.     

A Cost Function Analysis of the Australian Transportation Equipment Industry

This article investigates the existence of economies of scale and input cross and direct price elasticities of demand in the Australian motor vehicle industry. Our estimated cost elasticities were less than one (consistent with economies of scale), but not significantly less than one at the 10 per cent level for two versions of the model. However, the estimated cost elasticity was significantly less than one at approximately the 2.5 per cent level for a third. Thus, these results give some credibility to the infant industry argument for continued assistance to the Australian transportation equipment industry. A four-input model separating domestic and foreign intermediate goods inputs suggests that while restrictions on imported components may have given some short-run relief to the domestic components industry and increased the demand for labour domestically, they decreased the demand for domestic capital. Although the infant industry argument could support short-run protectionist policies for the industry, it appears that such policies regarding the Australian motor vehicle industry must be designed carefully with a specified phase-out period if long-term adverse results are to be avoided.     

经济发展与环境污染空间面板数据分析

本文试图揭示中国经济发展与环境污染之间的空间扩散关系。根据Stem(2002)的模型,以SO2排放量来表征环境污染水平,利用MATLAB软件对2000-2010年间中国30个省、直辖市及自治区(西藏由于数据不全)的PANEL DATA进行面板回归分析,回归结果表明:SO2污染物质的排放与经济发展存在空间自相关,经济规模扩大、工业产业比重提高和贸易顺差会加剧我国环境污染,生产技术创新会降低我国环境污染,并估算了这四个要素对环境质量影响的各自实际贡献率。这一实证结果对于完善我国节能减排长效机制和制定相关环境保护政策、促进经济可持续发展战略具有重要的指导意义。     

Smoking Behavior of Older Adults: A Panel Data Analysis Using HRS

Using longitudinal data from Health and Retirement Surveys over 1992–2010, this paper analyzes decisions by older American to continue smoking and the number of cigarettes to consume using two-part hurdle models with correlated effects. We build on the existing literature by incorporating a myriad of factors including cigarette prices, health shocks and smoke-free laws in one econometric framework. Our estimates indicate that higher cigarette prices play an important role in both reducing participation and the intensity of consumption even for this adult population. In addition, health shocks, as measured by newly diagnosed diseases, raise the probability of quitting, highlighting the ‘curative’ aspects of cessation. However, we find very little effect of health on smoking intensity if an older adult does not quit after a health shock. Per capita cigarette consumption in the US declined by over 64% during the period. We show that increased cigarette prices and health shocks together contribute almost equally to explain nearly 86% of the decline, with little that can be attributed to smoking bans and anti-smoking sentiment.

     

基于Panel Data模型的投资就业敏感性探析

文章利用Panel Data的变系数模型对投资与就业之间的敏感性关系进行了实证研究。结果表明:我国不同经济体的就业对投资有着很大的敏感性差异;民营经济由于具有较高的投资就业弹性,是促进大学生就业发展的最重要力量;外商投资的就业弹性也很大;但农业、公有经济的投资存在就业挤出效应,尤其是公有经济挤出效应更为明显。因此,政府要保大学生就业,就必须突破体制限制,侧重增加就业效应显著的行业和非公有经济的投资比例和优惠政策。     

集聚、扩散与FDI空间演化——基于中国省级数据的研究

本文采用空间计量学的方法,在描述我国FDI空间演化轨迹的基础上,建立了一个FDI地区分布决定因素的空间模型,运用1987-2007年的面板数据,分析我国FDI空间演化的规律。计量结果发现,集聚效应对于吸引我国FDI有着很大程度的影响,相邻省份之间的空间溢出效应促使FDI更多的是由核心省份向周边省份扩散。并根据结论提出了引导FDI空间的合理转移,缩小地区差距的政策建议。     

价值链成本管理之优势及在作业会计中的应用

价值链理论为我们科学地分析影响企业价值的价值动因,提升企业的核心竞争力提供了有力的依据和分析方法.价值链理论与作业会计的整合有着现实意义,可以改进传统成本管理的缺陷,符合当今世界经济及企业成本管理发展的方向.以价值链理论分析为起点,对价值链管理在作业会计中的应用问题进行研究,具有重要的理论价值和实际价值.     

The Social Connectedness and Life Satisfaction Nexus: A Panel Data Analysis of Women in Australia

This study explores the interplay between time pressures at home and at work, social connectedness, and well-being as reported by Australian women. Specifically, taking advantage of longitudinal data (from the Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey for the years 2001 to 2013) and employing the newly developed “blow up and cluster” estimation technique, this study finds there has been a marginal decline in the life satisfaction of Australian women. After accounting for changes in sociodemographic characteristics, a more pervasive negative trend in life satisfaction appears to be reported by both men and women, and both genders report higher levels of life satisfaction for greater levels of almost all measures of social connectedness. This study adds to a growing body of evidence pointing toward the importance of frequent and meaningful social connections to societal well-being, as well as the need to refocus attention on well-being in public-policy spheres.