Do existing corruption levels matter in controlling corruption?: Cross-country quantile regression estimates

We examine the determinants of corruption using recent cross-sectional data for nearly one hundred countries. While the causes of corruption have drawn economists' interest in recent years, our main contribution is to examine the corruption determinants throughout the conditional distribution of corruption across nations. Are there different causes of corruption in highly corrupt nations compared to the least corrupt countries? For instance, we examine whether greater democracy and more economic freedom consistently reduce corruption among the most and the least corrupt. Our results for the significant determinants support some findings in the literature, but also provide new conclusions. In many cases, quantile regression estimates are quite different from those from OLS regressions. Among the most corrupt nations, larger governments and greater economic freedom do not appear to reduce corruption, but greater democracy seems to alleviate it. Our results suggest that some current corruption control policies may be reconsidered, especially among the most corrupt and least corrupt nations.     

Informal employment in developing countries : Opportunity or last resort?

There is an ongoing debate among researchers and policy makers, whether informal sector employment is a result of competitive market forces or labor market segmentation. More recently it has been argued that none of the two theories sufficiently explains informal employment, but that the informal sector shows a heterogenous structure. For some workers the informal sector is an attractive employment opportunity, whereas for others - rationed out of the formal sector - the informal sector is a strategy of last resort. To test the empirical relevance of this hypothesis we formulate an econometric model which allows for several unobserved segments within the informal sector and apply it to the urban labor market in Côte d'Ivoire.     

Poverty reduction without economic growth? : Explaining Brazil's poverty dynamics, 1985-2004

Brazil's slow pace of poverty reduction between the mid-1980s and the mid-2000s reflects both low growth and a low growth elasticity of poverty reduction. Using GDP data disaggregated by state and sector for a twenty-year period, this paper finds considerable variation in the poverty-reducing effectiveness of growth—across sectors, across space, and over time. Growth in the services sector was substantially more poverty-reducing than was growth in either agriculture or industry. Growth in industry had different effects on poverty across different states and its impact varied with initial conditions related to human development and worker empowerment. But because there was so little of it, economic growth actually played a relatively small role in accounting for Brazil's poverty reduction between 1985 and 2004. The taming of hyperinflation (in 1994) and a substantial expansion in social security and social assistance transfers, in large part mandated by the 1988 Constitution, accounted for the bulk of the overall reduction in poverty.     

Who votes for public environmental goods in California?: Evidence from a spatial analysis of voting for environmental ballot measures

Voting referenda provide direct evidence of the demand for public goods. A number of previous studies have used referenda to analyze the support for public environmental goods. These studies have used aggregate data from large jurisdictional units (usually counties) and summary income measures such as the mean or median, and have usually found that higher income areas offer greater support for environmental propositions. We examine environmental referenda voting in California using census block group data, spatial dependence controls, and detailed income distribution data. We find that household income has a negative marginal effect on environmental referenda voting for most of the income range when using census block data. In addition, controls for spatial dependence significantly reduce the magnitude of most coefficients. This suggests that OLS estimates of referenda determinants are biased. We also show that county level data may be subject to severe aggregation bias and might not be appropriate for referenda studies.     

Are securitised real estate markets efficient?: New international evidence based on an improved automatic Portmanteau test

We re-examine the efficiency of real estate markets based on the Escanciano-Lobato (2009) autocorrelation test which we improved by means of wild bootstrapping. Through Monte Carlo simulation, we find that the wild bootstrap-based autocorrelation test has very good performance even in small samples. We apply the improved test to examine the efficiency of 14 international securitized real estate markets—Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Singapore, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and the United States. Our results show that only six of these markets—Australia, Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, Sweden and the United States are efficient while the rest are inefficient. We also find that the degree of efficiency or inefficiency of each of these markets varies considerably across time. These findings indicate that real estate markets are relatively less efficient as compared to stock and bond markets in general and may also offer an explanation as to why existing studies on real estate market efficiency have mixed results.     

A golden rule of public finance or a fixed deficit regime?: Growth and welfare effects of budget rules

In this paper, we compare growth and welfare effects of various budget rules within an endogenous growth model with productive public capital, utility enhancing public consumption and public debt. We find that introducing a fixed deficit regime does not affect the long run growth rate compared to a balanced budget while establishing a golden rule results in higher growth. Simulations of welfare effects indicate that a golden rule leads to highest welfare followed by a balanced budget and a fixed deficit regime. A maximum fraction of deficit financed public investment is derived. Varying the intertemporal elasticity of substitution shows that economies populated by households who have a strong tendency to smooth consumption should adhere to a balanced budget from a welfare point of view.     

Mining landscape: A cultural tourist opportunity or an environmental problem?: The study case of the Cartagena-La Unión Mining District (SE Spain)

Abandoned industrial sites have traditionally constituted an important source of environmental problems. However, such sites are considered in many cases a historic heritage, and in this way, have been protected with different legal dispositions. Mining activities can be considered a special type of industrial site in that they encompass not only architectural but also landscape elements related to geology or topography. The necessity of developing new economic opportunities in these places, whose economy has been traditionally based on the “mining monoculture”, has resulted in the creation of a cultural revival in some mining sites. Nevertheless, these new economic potentials must be compatible with the obligation to maintain a low environmental risk in sites where the heavy metal concentrations are very high. The Cartagena-La Unión Mining District in Southern Spain is an example of such a case. This paper reviews the environmental situation in that area and the initiatives for establishing a cultural tourism. The goal of this paper is to incite the public debate about the balance between environmental risks, cultural safeguarding and economic development.     

事业单位档案管理的质量保障体系建设研究全文替换

随着我国经济水平的高速发展,社会各个方面都在不断的发展,其中事业单位需要大力加强自身单位内部的档案管理,促进自身良好的发展。此外,如何加强事业单位中档案管理的质量保证,事业单位有必要从内部着手提高档案管理水平。在充分发挥自身主观能动性的同时,推动管理工作的创新。在现有档案管理问题的研究中发现,档案管理制度不健全发展问题仍时有发生,相关体系的建设速度也是比较缓慢。因此,在当前情况下,笔者将结合各方面因素,整理出事业单位的档案明细,建立科学的管理制度,同时借助于信息化技术手段,保证现代化档案管理体系的建设。     

农民迁移选择的因素分析——行为经济学视角撤回

农村居民选择留守乡村社区还是选择迁移至城市不仅是人口迁移理论中十分重要的问题,而且还直接影响人口政策的制定和实施效果。而农村居民在做出选择时,基于行为经济学心理账户效应和禀赋效应,哪种因素以及哪种效应会对其选择具有显著影响是文章研究的问题所在。文章基于2016年中国劳动力动态调查数据(CLDS)发现:情绪标签对人们迁移选择没有影响;认知标签对人们迁移选择有显著影响;心理账户效应相比于禀赋效应对农村居民做出留守乡村社区的选择具有更加显著的影响。     

上市公司审计委员会特征与企业风险承担全文替换

本文以2016-2020年度设立审计委员会的上市公司为研究对象,从审计委员会特征切入,借用财务分析软件基于我国国情区分不同产权性质探究关于审计委员会的三个特征对企业风险承担的影响,并提出两条建议：健全审计委员会制度,根据企业战略,优化其结构;风险承担水平与企业发展阶段相匹配,更好地支持企业战略和目标的落地。本文期望挖掘审计委员会特征对企业风险承担的影响,为企业插上腾飞的翅膀。     

A bibliometric account of the evolution of EE in the last two decades: Is ecological economics (becoming) a post-normal science?

In ecological economics the debate on formalism and formalization has been addressed in the context of a lively discussion on ecological economics as a ‘post-normal’ (versus ‘normal’) science. Using ecological economics (EE) as a ‘seed’ journal and applying bibliometric techniques to all (2533) the articles published in EE from January 1989 to December 2009, we analyze the evolution of the field of ecological economics aiming to shed light on this debate. We observe the predominance (and increased relevance) of certain research topics: ‘Methodological issues’, ‘Policies, governance and institutions’ and ‘Valuation’. Moreover, ‘Collective action’, ‘Technical change and the environment’ and ‘Values’ stand as emergent themes of research. Finally, we note that ecological economics experienced an ‘empirical turn’ reflected in a shift away from exclusively formalized papers towards exclusively empirical and, to a larger extent, ‘formal and empirical’ ones. The combination of the prominent and emergent topics and the ‘empirical turn’ mirrors the increasing awareness among researchers in the field of the need to address a key specificity of ecological economics — the interdependence of the economic, biophysical and social spheres. On this basis, we argue that at least through the lens of EE, ecological economics has evolved towards a post-normal science.     

长江中游城市群碳排放强度与经济高质量发展耦合协调的时空演变及驱动因素全文替换

以长江中游城市群为研究对象,运用熵权法、耦合协调度、空间自相关及空间计量模型,研究碳排放强度与经济高质量发展的耦合协调及驱动机理,并考察分析2005—2020年二者耦合协调度的时空演变格局与驱动因素。结果显示：首先,理论研究发现碳排放强度与经济高质量发展水平之间存在互相影响、互相约束的耦合协调关系,并且二者耦合协调度的驱动因素包括环境规制、技术创新、对外开放、经济基础、人力资本以及产业结构。其次,实证研究发现：(1)碳排放强度逐年递减,经历了“缓慢递减—快速递减”的时序演变进程;经济高质量发展水平表现出波动增长的趋势,短期内出现“倒V”型演变特点。(2)碳排放强度与经济高质量发展耦合协调度以轻度、中度协调类型为主,大部分地区耦合协调度呈上升趋势,个别地区存在回落现象,空间上环鄱阳湖城市群以及环长株潭城市群部分地级市整体的耦合协调度高于武汉城市圈,并在研究期间内三大城市群的耦合协调度差距呈逐渐缩小的态势。(3)长江中游城市群碳排放强度与经济高质量发展耦合协调度存在显著的空间效应,而各驱动因素同样对相邻地区的耦合协调度产生影响,其间接效应明显。最后,在发挥双向互动作用、打造特色发展路径以及...     

广东地方政府绩效管理如何推进?简

从国际经验看,西方发达国家的政府绩效管理工作的顺利开展,有赖于高层领导甚至是政府首脑的高度重视。目前,广东省已有多个地方政府推行了政府绩效管理。通过对这些地方政府绩效管理推进过程的考察,分析总结出几种模式,并提出影响各种模式形成的主要因素。当前地方政府绩效管理模式1、推进动机根据各地政府推进动机的不同,分为＂自主自发式＂和＂上级部署式＂。20世纪90年代开始,我国一些地方政府和部门借鉴西方经验,开展了政府绩效管理的探索性工作。