Nonpecuniary Benefits to Farming: Implications for Supply Response to Decoupled Payments

We develop a household model wherein farmers allocate labor to maximize utility from leisure, consumption, and nonpecuniary benefits from farming. The model shows that farmers with decreasing marginal utility of income respond to higher decoupled payments by decreasing off-farm labor and increasing farm labor, resulting in greater agricultural output. We then estimate the difference between farm and off-farm returns to labor using data from three nationally representative farm household surveys. The finding of a large on-farm/off-farm wage differential provides compelling evidence of substantial nonpecuniary benefits from farming.     

Conservation Payments under Risk: A Stochastic Dominance Approach

Conservation payments can be used to preserve forest and agroforest systems. To explain landowners' land-use decisions and determine appropriate conservation payments, it is necessary to focus on revenue risk. Marginal conditional stochastic dominance rules are used to derive conditions for determining the conservation payments required to guarantee that the environmentally preferred land use dominates. An empirical application to shaded coffee protection in the biologically important Chocó region of West Ecuador shows that conservation payments required for preserving shaded coffee areas are much higher than those calculated under risk-neutral assumptions. Further, the extant distribution of land has strong impacts on the required payments.     

Comparing Open-Ended Choice Experiments and Experimental Auctions: An Application to Golden Rice

We use two experimental valuation methods to estimate consumer demand for genetically modified golden rice. The first is an open-ended choice experiment (OECE) where participants name the quantities of golden rice and conventional rice demanded at each of several price combinations, one of which will be randomly chosen as binding. This allows us to estimate market demand by aggregating demand across participants. This estimate of market demand also allows us to estimate own-price elasticity and consumer surplus for golden rice. Comparing willingness-to-pay (WTP) estimates from the OECE with those from a uniform-price auction, we find that OECE WTP estimates exhibit less affiliation across rounds, and the effects of positive and negative information under the OECE are more consistent with prior expectations and existing studies. We also find that, while auction WTP estimates more than double across five rounds, OECE WTP estimates are stable across rounds and are always roughly equal to those from the final auction round.     

Resource Management under Production and Output Price Uncertainty: Implications for Environmental Policy

Various environmental policies have been proposed to control agricultural runoff of nutrients and pesticides. The impacts of these policies on input use are complicated because of the various sources of uncertainty farmers face and the precise nature of farmers' risk attitude. A risk–averse farmer's response to changed profit , input , and output taxes under output price and production uncertainty is examined. The impact of these policies on input use depends on the form of production uncertainty, risk–input relationships, risk attitudes, and degrees of output price and production uncertainty. These results have implications for the design and implementation of environmental and other production–related policies.     

Technology Adoption under Production Uncertainty: Theory and Application to Irrigation Technology

We propose a theoretical framework to analyze the conditions under which a farmer facing production uncertainty (due to a possible water shortage) and incomplete information will adopt a more efficient irrigation technology. A reduced form of this model is empirically estimated using a sample of 265 farms located in Crete, Greece. The empirical results suggest that farmers choose to adopt the new technology in order to hedge against production risk. In addition, we show that the farmer's human capital also plays a significant role in the decision to adopt modern, more efficient irrigation equipment.     

加强青藏高原矿产资源勘查与研究保障国家资源供应

在21世纪我国工业高速增长和社会经济发展对矿产资源需求量不断增加,而东部地区的主要矿产资源日益匮乏的形势下,寻找新的矿产资源接替基地已成为实施国家战略储备和可持续发展的必然要求。青藏高原地区的成矿地质条件优越,矿产资源丰富,是我国最具大型、超大型矿床的找矿远景区域。因此,急需将青藏高原地区矿产资源勘查提到国家宏观决策的议事日程上．提高对青藏高原矿产资源勘查重大意义的认识,加强青藏高原地区国家战略性矿产资源的勘查评价与开发,提升为近期(十年内)我国矿产资源的战略接替基地。     

革命老区红色文旅产业发展研究——以庆阳市为例

"十四五"时期是庆阳红色文旅产业比较优势的重塑期、新旧动能转换的爬坡期、加快发展的攻坚期.随着高铁时代的来临,庆阳红色文旅产业如何乘势而上,进一步实现红色文旅经济效益与文化传播的合作共赢,是进一步发展所面临的新课题.本文就庆阳市红色文旅产业发展现状为出发点,分析与探讨制约红色文旅产业发展的现实因素,并提出具体的创新优化...     

农村应对突发公共卫生事件的多重困境与优化治理——基于典型案例的分析

农村突发公共卫生事件应急管理是乡村治理现代化的重要内容。本文通过对湖北省巴东县农村应对新冠肺炎疫情的实证分析,基于整体性治理理论,探究农村应对突发公共卫生事件的多重困境与优化路径。实证发现,农村应对突发公共卫生事件呈现出应急能力的薄弱性、应急处置的复杂性、公共危机的跨界性等特点,且大致可以分为初始期、发展期、调整期、成熟期四个阶段。当前农村应对突发公共卫生事件存在应急主体单一化、应急处置机制不健全、应急方式规范化法治化不足、资源保障体系薄弱、危机意识和应急意识缺位等困境。应构建多元化的危机治理格局,完善“上下联动,多向互动”的应急处置机制,推进应急方式法治化,优化资源保障体系,加强危机与应急意识教育普及,提升农村应对突发公共卫生事件的能力水平,真正实现由“应急管理”到“应急治理”的转变。     

农村集中居住政策风险演化与因应——基于苏北G集中社区的扎根研究

农村集中居住是我国乡村振兴战略背景下地方政府推进的一项重大政策,在促进城乡融合发展的同时应着力防范化解政策执行中的潜在风险。文章选择以江苏省北部地区实践和下辖G集中居住社区民众为研究对象,采用扎根理论研究方法,挖掘并提炼该项政策实施背后的系列风险要素,包括土地风险、生计风险、心理风险和地方管理风险。研究表明,这些风险的现实存在对农村集中居住政策的实施构成了隐性影响,其衍生和演化反映了我国城镇化加速背景下涉农政策运行的复杂性特征,需要地方政府予以重视和回应。以农村可持续发展为指引,尊重农民主体意愿、健全补偿机制、完善公共服务与保障供给、强化产业配套是化解农村集中居住政策风险的关键施政方向。     

中国农村土地调整的时序变化及地区差异——基于1999—2010年17省调查的实证分析

研究目的:基于1999—2010年中国17省农村土地调查数据,分析中国农村的土地调整、农户的调地意愿及其对未来地权稳定性的预期和信心。研究方法:描述分析,列联分析。研究结果:(1)二轮承包后,实际土地调整明显减少,近期则由于征地和土地整理等原因导致土地调整开始增多。(2)支持不得调整土地政策的农户比例显著高于反对的比例,土地承包合同和土地承包经营权证书等正式文件的发放有助于增强农户未来地权稳定性的信心。(3)土地调整的省市差异显著,而且平原地区调地多,丘陵和山区调地少。研究结论:中央政策对稳定农户地权稳定性的信心发挥了积极作用,并得到多数农民的拥护和支持;中央政策应进一步考虑不同地区资源禀赋和经济发展水平的差异,具有一定的弹性和灵活性。