关于社会主义基本制度和经济体制的问题

一、革命与改革是有根本区别的,革命是推翻基本制度,改革则是在坚持基本制度的前提下,改变具体的经济体制。邓小平同志在南巡重要谈话中指出:“革命是解放生产力,改革也是解放生产力。推翻帝国主义、封建主义、官僚主义的反动统治,使中国人民的生产力获得解放,这是革命,所以革命是解放生产力。社会主义基本制度确立以后,还要从根本上改变束缚生产力发展的经济体制,建立起充满生机和活力的社会主义经济体制,促进生产力的发展,这是改革,所以改革也是解放生产力。过去,只讲在社会主义条件下发展生产力,没有讲还要通过改革解放生产力,不完全。应该把解放生产力和发展生产力两个讲全了。”邓小平同志提出的“改革也是解放生产力”的论断,对我们理解改革的作用、指导制定改革的措施具有十分重要的意义。     

新形势下如何做好企业思想政治工作,维护职工的切身利益

“三个代表”的重要思想,是对党的性质、根本宗旨和历史任务的新概括,是在重要历史时刻对我们党的建设,保持党的事业兴旺发达进行战略性思考而得出的科学结论。它对于在新形势下加强国有企业思想政治工作,具有十分重要的指导意义。那么,如何运用这个重要的思想来做好企业思想政治工作和维护广大职工的切身利益呢?一、按照“代表先进生产力发展要求”的思想,围绕企业改革与发展做好思想政治工作1 .要围绕解放生产力做好企业思想政治工作。国有企业改革管理体制,转换经营机制,是为了调整和完善生产关系,适应生产力的发展。但是,在企业改革过程…     

深化企业改革要闯关

解放生产力,特别是解放企业生产力,应是我们改革的重要任务和目的。深化企业改革,转换“三制”本身就是要解放企业生产力。1992年由本刊编辑部和山西省生产力经济学研究会在太原举行了有经济研究人员和企业家参加的座谈会,会上大家畅所欲言,各自谈了许多意见、观点,本刊编发了部分同志的书面发言稿,以飨读者。     

市场经济·改革·解放生产力——学习邓小平南巡讲话的一点体会

<正> 加快改革开放步伐,使经济发展快一点,是今春邓小平同志南巡讲话的中心思想。这个中心思想的理论基础,就是他自己反复讲过,并在这次谈话中又特别强调的“革命是解放生产力,改革也是解放生产力。”为什么说“改革也是解放生产力”?邓小平同志在南巡谈话中作了精辟的解释。就是:“社会主义基本制度确定以后,还要从根本上改变束缚生产力发展的经济体制,建立起充满生机和活力的社会主义经济体制,促进生产力的发展,这是改革,所以改革也是解放生产力。”     

“关系也是生产力”辨析

社会主义市场经济体制的建立 ,把企业推向了市场 ,优胜劣汰的竞争法则给企业的生存与发展 ,提出了严峻的挑战。于是 ,各家企业在市场竞争中八仙过海 ,各显其能 ,竞争方式和手段逐步趋向多元化、多样化。然而 ,随着市场竞争手段的变化和发展 ,“关系”即人和人或人和事物之间的某种性质的联系 ,也被一些企业的管理者奉为“制胜的法宝”,甚至提出“关系也是生产力”的论断。对此 ,笔者不敢苟同。首先 ,企业的经营管理者奉行“关系也是生产力”的观点 ,极易导致企业参与不正当竞争 ,从而扰乱正常的社会经济秩序。企业要在竞争中取胜 ,应主要依…     

工业企业机制向科技经营转换初探

工业企业机制向科技经营转换初探中国船舶工业总公司国营中南光学仪器厂王运斌一、“第一生产力理论”是转换企业机制的指导思想邓小平同志指出的“科学技术是生产力，而且是第一生产力”，“革命是解放生产力，改革也是解放生产力”的科学论断，形成了具有中国特色的完整...     

邓小平对马克思主义生产力理论的继承和发展

邓小平在阐述社会主义的根本任务是大力发展生产力、揭示改革是中国解放发展生产力的必由之路、作出“科学技术是第一生产力”的新论断、进一步确立检验一切工作得失成败的生产力标准等方面,继承和发展了马克思主义的生产力理论。     

在国资流失问题讨论上,主要应警惕“左”

上海市市长徐匡迪近日在一次会议上提出,力争5年完成现代企业制度体系及配套改革,只要有利于生产力发展,确保国有资产不流失,各种改革方式都可以。《南方周末》在点评这段话时认为,现在似有必要重提“三个有利于”的标准,特别是生产力标准。在经济体制改革的方式上,有些人“不好意思”问姓社姓资了,却要问姓公姓私,而他们所讲的“公”又只是计划经济时代的“公”,甚至宁要公有制的“空壳”,而非议、阻扰在确保国有资产不流失前提下的改革尝试。在这个问题上,仍然是:主要警惕“左”。在国资流失问题讨论上,主要应警惕“左”@晓峰…     

新闻回放:“新公私合营”——开创企业做大做强的新路径

<正>国营与民企,谁更有利于促进生产力的发展?企业做大做强靠什么?“郎顾之争”的硝烟,遮挡了人们对一件具有重大意义事件的关注,这就是新“公私合营”论的提出和实践。“郎顾之争”更多的是对所有制改革中操作者道德的“拷问”和回答,而没有根本解决实践中遇到的问题——国营与民企,谁更有利于促进生产力的发展?企业做大做强靠什么?     

论管理也是生产力

管理是人类共同劳动和社会化大生产的客观必要条件,也是生产力的重要构成要素:管理与科学技术一样是构成生产力的“软件”因素;是“一般生产力”;管理能优化配置资源,产生更大的社会生产合力;管理已成为现代生产力的重要生长点、突破口和关键性因素。承认管理也是生产力既有利于丰富和发展马克思主义的生产力观,又有利于我们从生产力的高度来重视管理在社会主义建设和改革中的地位和作用,自觉提高管理理论修养和实际管理水平。     

The Continuity of the Transaction Relationship Between a Bank and a Borrower

This paper analyses the influence of the number of past transactions on the continuity of the transaction relationship between a bank and a borrower. It is shown that banks, in deciding whether or not to maintain a transaction relationship with a borrower, fall into one of two categories: if the average of past returns from borrowers is equal, either a bank is more likely to maintain transaction relationships with those whose number of past transactions is larger, or it is indifferent to the number of past transactions. This result holds whether the bank is risk-averse or risk-neutral.
JEL Classification number: G21.     

Quasiconcavity and the kernel of a separable utility

Summary. In this paper I prove that a quasiconcave separable utility function defined on an atomless space is concave. Received: August 11, 1997; revised version: October 2, 1997     

Trade and the adoption of a universal language

This paper investigates long-run consequences of international trade between two economies inhabited by two distinct races using different languages. If wages are not equal in autarky, free trade encourages the workers of the low-wage country to learn the language of the high-wage country. As the bilingual population increases in the low-wage country, products are increasingly produced in the dominant-language version. In the long run the language of the high-wage country becomes universally adopted.     

Control and the management of a spreading invader

We consider the problem of management of an aquatic invader spreading in a lake system. We assume that each year the invader can be removed from a certain proportion of invaded lakes, which depends on the selected intensity of control. Control decisions are generated and compared for an optimally controlled system and for a static optimization across asymptotic steady states. Control close to eradication of the invasive species is always optimal for invasions with relatively high damages, low rates of density dependent spread and/or low chance of additional random introductions. Control to a highly invaded steady state is optimal for those invasions with low relative damages, high chances of random introduction and high levels of uncertainty in species location. In all other cases the optimal outcome depends upon initial conditions. Comparing the relative performance of the optimally controlled system and the static optimization demonstrates situations when the differences are small and when not. When invasions are acted upon in their later stages and across certain parameter combinations a static optimization provides a reasonable approximation of an optimally controlled system. The flip-side is that optimal policies directed at an invasion in its early stages tend to provide significantly savings. The savings vary across parameter combinations, yet in these situations little useful insight will be generated without consideration of a dynamically optimized system.     

Monetary policy and the choice of a monetary instrument in a stochastic setting

Should the FED try to set some monetary aggregate, or should it try to create certain credit conditions by setting interest rates? This question has been examined extensively within models that are essentially non-stochastic or certainty equivalent; however, the question is not meaningful to the monetary authority unless one postulates a stochastic setting. This paper attempts to analyze the question within a stochastic setting. It illustrates the new dimensions added by incorporating risk adverse economic behavior, “rational” expectations, and randomized policy settings.     

Valuing ecosystem goods and services: a new approach using a surrogate market and the combination of a multiple criteria analysis and a Delphi panel to assign weights to the attributes

A new approach to valuing ecosystem goods and services (EGS) is described which incorporates components of the economic theory of value, the theory of valuation (USappraisal), a multi-model multiple criteria analysis (MCA) of ecosystem attributes, and a Delphi panel of experts to assign weights to the attributes. The total value of ecosystem goods and services in the various tenure categories in the Wet Tropics World Heritage Area (WTWHA) in Australia was found to be in the range AUD$188 to $211 million year⁻¹, or AUD$210 to 236 ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ across tenures, as at 30 June 2002. Application of the weightings assigned by the Delphi panelists and assessment of the ecological integrity of the various tenure categories resulted in values being derived for individual ecosystem services in the World Heritage Area. Biodiversity and refugia were the two attributes ranked most highly at AUD$18.6 to $20.9 million year⁻¹ and AUD$16.6 to $18.2 million year⁻¹, respectively.     

Innovation in services: a review of the debate and a research agenda

The paper reviews the debate on innovation in services which has flourished over the last 20 years and suggests a research agenda for the services innovation literature. We discuss whether, and the extent to which, the ill-definition and mis-measurement of service output have influenced the conceptualization and analysis of innovation in services. We propose a reclassification of the literature according to whether it has been mainly assimilated or differentiated with respect to the traditional conceptualization of innovation in the manufacturing sector. We also review the integrative (or synthesizing) contributions, and suggest a taxonomy for the modes of innovation in services, based on the Lancasterian characteristics-based approach to product definition. We conclude with a summary of the key arguments and a proposed agenda for the evolutionary theory to integrate the conceptualization of innovation in services.

Market failure and the existence of the state: a restatement and critique

In this article the ‘market failure’ approach to the existence of the state in market economies is restated and generalized in terms of transaction costs economizing. This approach is then criticized in that it asserts the pre-existence of societal consensus regarding efficiency versus distribution. In the presence of ex-ante distributional inequalities I suggest that distribution is a more plausible determinant of the existence and functions of the capitalist state, both theoretically and empirically. The possibility has implications on the notion of state neutrality, and on viewing the market as the ‘natural’ means of allocating resources. It also questions the very need for the existence of the market.     

基金业立法和基金业发展研究报告

传统观念认为,基金是一种单纯的投资工具。实际上,现代金融市场中的基金是集储蓄和投资于一体,以实现资产的保值、增值为目的,由专业机构经营的金融工具或业务。基金、银行、保险是现代金融市场的三大支柱,基金按照不同的标准,可分为不同种类,如,根据基金的市场形态,可分为资本市场基金和货币市场基金;按照组织形态,可分为公司型基金和契约型基金;依照运营形态,可分为开放式基金和封闭式基金。     

Inflation uncertainty and a test of the Friedman hypothesis

This paper tests Milton Friedman's hypothesis that increases in inflation uncertainty, ceteris paribus, yield higher levels of unemployment. Tests are made using quarterly measures of inflation uncertainty taken from the ASA-NBER survey. Based on data from the 1972–1984 period, we find general support for the hypothesis.