Original Frame of Organizational Model from the Chinese Traditional Philosophy

In this paper, the studies show that the framework of the original organizational models based on the philosophy view is constructed. The driving forces are also expatiated in the paper. Matching with the time and space in which the organization exists, fitted with the extra environment, making the organization take effect and properly controlling the important potential factors for the organizations further are the four driving forces development. The supporting pillars are cooperation in the competition, communication, negotiation and proper equal culture environment. At last, the researches point out that organization is a process, while organizational model is only a tool for us to realize the world.     

Participation, decision aggregation and internal information gathering in organizational decision making

This paper proposes a stylized theory that focuses on the determination of the structure of decision making within teams. This structure consists of two elements: the allocation of decisional power among the team members, and the degree of information acquisition on their quality. The suggested approach is applied in the special context of pairwise organizational choice for evaluating the performance of a class of decision rules, the value of participation in organizational decision making, the value of information on the quality of the available decision makers, and the efficiency loss associated with common restrictions on the design of the corporate's structure of decision making.     

Cleaner Production and OrganizationalLearning

The paper is concerned with organizational learning around cleaner production as a response to environmental pressures, and presents an analysis of the character, strengths and limitations of organizational learning as stimulated by four key drivers: regulation, green market pressures, quality and technical efficiency considerations, and the culture and values of those within organizations. The analysis is supported by a number of case study examples in manufacturing industry based on field work conducted between 1993-1996. The theoretical approach draws particularly on the innovation and inward technology transfer literature, which uses the concepts of 'receptivity' and 'absorptive capacity' to explain the ability of organizations to assimilate new knowledge, but is also sensitized to the contested and sometimes conflictual nature of change processes. Particular emphasis is given to (a) the importance of good linkages with external sources of knowledge, including regulators, and (b) the extent to which the organizational culture encourages a pluralistic and participative approach. The case studies suggest that weaknesses with respect to the enforcement of the current regulatory framework and the lack of sufficient financial incentives (i.e. ecological tax reform) are liable to continue to give rise to selective approaches which do not fully address the cleaner production agenda. In conclusion, the analysis of the limitations of firm-based organizational learning, particularly with respect to the need to change consumption patterns, indicates the continuing need for a wider process of social learning.     

论信息技术创新共同体

信息技术创新共同体是指直接或间接卷入信息技术创新活动中的所有组织和个人。本文从信息技术行业的角度来探讨信息技术创新共同体的本质、特性，并以信息技术行业的创新为实例，探讨中国信息技术创新的努力方向。     

让公共预算中的政府问责制运转起来——对印度公民预算组织的考察

在贫富差距极度悬殊、种族和教派冲突频繁发生、政府效率低下的环境中,印度的公民预算组织积极投:身社会变革,促进公共参与和政府创新.他们创造出"公民报告卡"、"预算分析"、"预算跟踪"等公民参与预算的方法,以强化内在于公共预算中的政府问责制.他们的思想、观点以及一些具体做法对我国的公共预算制度创新具有一定的借鉴意义.     

The Internal Organization of the Firm, Transaction Costs, and Macroeconomic Growth

This articleanalyzes the links between the internal organization of the firmand macroeconomic growth. We present a Schumpeterian growth modelin which firms face agency costs due to the existence of asymmetriesof information and the formation of vertical collusions insidethose firms. To respond to the threat of collusion, optimal collusion-proofincentive contracts depend on the efficiency of collusive sidecontracting within organizations. Collusion affects thereforethe firms' profitability, the incentives to innovate, and, finally,the stationary equilibrium growth rate of the economy. On theother hand, when the growth rate is small, the prospects of long-termrelationships within firms increase the agents' incentives toinvest in a better collusive technology. We then discuss thetwo-way relationships between the structure of internal transactioncosts, organizational technologies, and macroeconomic growth.     

Reading geopolitics beyond the state: organisational discourse in response to 11 September

This essay explores organizations in civil society as constituting an important sphere of social action in which alternative geopolitical worldviews are produced and disseminated beyond the state. The authors discuss the conceptual relationship between non-governmental organizations and the geopolitics pursued by states and also develop an appropriate methodological program to investigate organizational geopolitics. This is accomplished by employing critical discourse analysis methods in the examination of press releases made by notable civil society organizations in response to the events of 11 September. While most organizational responses condemned the attacks and expressed a shared sense of sympathy for the victims, there was considerable divergence in the preferred geopolitical and social response – ranging from restraint and tolerance to aggressive militarism. The findings suggest organizations are not only important sites of alternative geopolitical representations beyond the state, but may also serve to reproduce and re-circulate dominant statecentered geopolitical visions as well.     

开放式创新平台组织采纳关键因素研究

运用技术-组织-环境框架与IT匹配理论等创新采纳理论,探索了组织采纳基于互联网开放式创新平台的关键因素及影响机制,揭示了开放式创新平台在组织中的采纳与扩散。运用探索性单案例研究方法,分析了影响开放式创新平台组织采纳的关键因素。研究发现,开放式创新平台的技术特质（相对优势、开放性、协同创新性、网络外部性）、组织情境（组织战略、高层支持、创新文化、组织规模）、外部环境（政策支持、外部压力）等因素对组织采纳决策具有直接影响作用。另外,技术特质与组织因素的匹配以及技术特质与环境因素的匹配不仅对采纳决策具有直接影响作用,而且对技术特质、组织情境、外部环境与采纳决策间关系发挥中介作用。     

Business process re-engineering: experiences in R&D

This study presents information drawn from leading transnational organizations headquartered in the US that are, to different degrees, involved in restructuring their R&D. Interviews were conducted with three companies in the chemical/pharmaceutical industry and three in electronics/information technology. All companies interviewed agreed on the need to organize their R&D more effectively in order to meet consumer demands and respond to competitive pressure. There are significant differences in the extent to which each company is involved in organizational change as well as their approach to such changes. The interview findings indicate that global re-engineering and business transformation programmes are being carried out. We identify the application of such approachs, men though thg may be initiated under other names.     

Research on Model of Virtual Organization and Its Practice

This paper discusses an organizational model to be used for both conventional and virtual organizations. The model deals with variable relationships within an organization and provides a framework for overall organizational design that may include relationship among different design variables and external relationship with environment. Based on the researches of virtual organization, this paper also illustrates the new model of organization in the real world such as Beijing 2008 Olympic games and Dongfeng Automobile group.     

Organizing growth

We propose a framework to study the impact of information and communication technology on growth through its impact on organization and innovation. Agents accumulate knowledge to use available technologies and invent new ones. The use of a technology requires the development of organizations to coordinate the work of experts, which takes time. We find that while advances in information technology always increase growth, improvements in communication technology may lead to lower growth and even to stagnation, since the payoff to exploiting available technologies through organizations increases relative to the payoff from developing new innovations.     

ISO 26000风险及中国应对策略

国际标准化组织（ISO）发布的《社会责任指南》标准,把企业社会责任拓展到了组织社会责任,涉及了人权、劳工权益、国际行为准则、政府治理、国际公约及协定等敏感问题,被认为会对中国等发展中经济体的组织产生负面影响,乃至遭遇风险。论文通过对有关问题的分析,提出了应对ISO 26000风险的策略,包括政治、社会、经济和技术等四个方面的系统风险消减策略和治理、经济、技术、素质等四个方面的组织能力建设策略。主要结论是：要求组织履行社会责任,对于促进组织效益的提升、经济增长方式的转型、社会发展模式的改良具有积极意义。组织应该根据各自具体情况与发展阶段,采取上述社会责任应对策略,有效地应对及避免ISO 26000带来的经济、社会、文化乃至政治风险。     

行业危机情境下的多组织替代学习研究

危机虽然对组织的运行框架产生破坏作用,但是也可以成为组织学习有价值的来源.针对近年来行业危机频发的现实情况,采用替代学习的理论框架分析了行业内多个组织针对个别组织的危机进行学习的四个阶段.在注意阶段,组织需要选择观察对象及其行为范本;在保持阶段,组织则利用观察到的行为重构心智模式;在动作复现阶段,组织实践他们所学到的内容并不断加以调整;在动机阶段,组织通过强化的方式巩固新的组织实践.此外,在行业危机情境下,这种替代学习不仅需要行业组织自身的努力,更强调各利益相关者在四个阶段的参与、合作和对话.这种社会互动式的多组织共同开展的替代学习对于提升行业危机的治理能力,走出行业危机困境具有重要作用.     

科技人才领地行为如何影响后续公民行为——心理所有权的中介效应

在我国市场经济深化改革的时代背景下，过去固有的集体主义文化逐步与个体主义文化相融合，当代中国人的物权意识有了极大提升，领地行为在我国组织管理中表现出强大解释力。科技人才作为创新创业先导，其领地行为对后续公民行为的影响机制显示出别样特点，然而，目前相关研究稍显不足。基于心理所有权理论视角，实证研究科技人才领地行为在组织中呈现的两面性问题及其与组织公民行为的关系。运用问卷调查获得全国高校、高新科技企业以及科研院所有效问卷290份，并开展结构方程实证分析。结果表明：科技人才领地行为对公民行为同时存在双向影响，其中，控制标记和反应防卫行为对组织公民行为具有直接负向影响，而身份识别标记具有直接正向影响；预先防卫行为正向影响组织公民行为，而心理所有权发挥关键中介作用。究其原因，领地行为对组织的多样性影响，主要源于其内涵维度的差异性和心理所有权的中介效应。     

Managing for environmentally sensitive technology: networks for collaboration and learning

Environmental issues are acknowledged as problems which transcend boundaries at organizational and societal levles. By adopting the notion of product stewardship, companies are required to manage their products from conception to resurrection, while recognizing many stakeholder interests. This demands a new style of management which emphasizes collaborative structures. In the case of teh development of greener, more environmentally sensitive technology, there is a role for new collaborative networks which affect technology in either incremental or revolutionary ways. These networks can exist within the organization (intra-organizational), between organizations in the supply chain (trans-organizational) and with organizations at the domain level (supra-organizational). This paper analyzes the management, development and effect of thse networks on the greening of technology. It sets out a conceptual framework for exploring the role of collaborations in the management and development of environmentally sensitive technology. It than links the types of collaboration to empirical evidence from a detailed case study of a major internationa UK manufacturing company. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for management and research that stem from the findings.     

Two measures of organizational flexibility

Since the second half of the past century, increasingly flexible organizational forms have been appearing among firms. However, while hierarchies are easily described, too few mathematical tools are available for flexible organizations. In this article, two measures are proposed in order to assess the state and trend of flexible organizations. The first of these measures is based on information waste, which occurs whenever information is classified into categories. The second measure is based on duplication of operations. The underlying idea is that firms have an endogenous drive towards organizational configurations where waste of information and duplication of operations are minimized. However, environmental uncertainty may require some flexibility, which is ensured by cognitive processes that discard some information as well as by parallel undertaking of similar actions.     

环境不确定情境下组织韧性影响路径、作用机制与应对策略研究

韧性作为探究组织—环境互动机理的方法，有助于企业在逆境中化危为机、借机成势。基于过程视角，打开环境不确定情境下组织韧性响应的“黑箱”,构建“暴露期(激活韧性)—发展期(调动韧性)—恢复期(发挥韧性)”研究框架。研究发现：环境作为企业的信息源和资源池，不确定性通过信息认知和资源依赖两条路径影响组织韧性；为应对环境不确定性，组织韧性通过探测机制和缓冲机制降低信息模糊，进而突破资源瓶颈。因此，应综合判断企业外部环境状况和组织自身禀赋，选择适应、更新和突破3种组织韧性应对策略。     

小微企业资金约束供应链中的协调融资——基于核心企业的功能价值视角

小微企业资金流瓶颈带来的供应链短板效应不仅成为制约其自身创新发展的桎梏,而且威胁到所在供应链的稳定性和竞争力。根据供应链中核心企业在协助小微企业解决资金约束问题过程中发挥的协调功能,提出了供应链融资协调模式,并对协调模式解决小微企业融资问题的作用机理进行了分析。针对协调模式运作中可能存在的权力配置和运作效率问题,进一步从共同财产权、信息共享和利润分配等方面探讨了使协调模式良性运作的机制设计。     

我国参与欧盟研发框架计划的总体情况

欧盟研发框架计划是世界上规模最大的、综合性的官方研发计划,具有研发领域广、投资规模大、延续时间长、参与的机构和人员多等特点。自欧盟第四研发框架计划正式对欧盟以外的国家开放以来,其开放的领域不断扩大,包括信息通讯技术、纳米技术、能源、环境等众多领域。从我国参与欧盟第四至第七框架计划的情况来看,参与项目的数量增长较快,但经费增长缓慢;合作领域由以传统领域为主向高技术领域扩展;参与主体以大学和科研机构为主。目前,欧盟已开始实施"地平线2020"计划,并将推行对等开放、双向合作的国际科技合作方式。我国应认真总结前期参与欧盟框架计划的经验,积极应对新的挑战。     

Local public goods, inter-regional transfers and private information

Suppose that the centre wishes to make transfers between member states of a federation to reduce inequality. However, it lacks precise information concerning the cost differences that are responsible for the initial income inequality. We examine the implications of asymmetric information for the design of the transfer scheme. We show that if member states’ inherent cost levels as local public good providers take discrete values, the first best, or ‘complete information’, transfer scheme may or may not violate incentive compatibility. If inherent cost is a continuous random variable, such a scheme certainly violates incentive compatibility. We also explore the possibility of binding participation constraints. In our model, a binding incentive compatibility constraint leads to a reduction in effort devoted to cost reduction, and a binding participation constraint will also lead to a violation of Samuelson's optimality condition for public good provision.