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1.
Research summary : We address conflicting claims and mixed empirical findings about adaptation as a response to increased environmental dynamism. We disentangle distinct dimensions of environmental dynamism—the direction, magnitude, and frequency of change—and identify how selection shapes adaptive responses to these dimensions. Our results show how frequent directional changes undermine the value of exploration and decisively shift performance advantages to inert organizations that restrict exploration. In contrast, increased environmental variance rewards exploration. Our results also show that, in dynamic environments, the best‐performing organizations are generally more inert than less successful organizations. Managerial summary : Our research helps managers to understand under what business conditions investments into exploration and strategic flexibility are more likely to pay off. Dynamic business environments characterized by persistent trends and by large, infrequently occurring structural shocks reward strategic pursuit of temporary advantage. Thus, exploration and strategic flexibility are preferred strategies. In contrast, the challenge in frequently changing environments with fleeting opportunities is to identify and to focus on strategic actions whose payoffs on average are high, independent of environmental volatility. Low levels of exploration and long‐term strategic focus are preferred strategies in these circumstances. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Research summary : We propose a theory that explains why the relentless pursuit of perfect implementation of strategy may be useful even in a world in which the strategies being implemented are far from optimal. We formulate a computational model in which an organization's strategy adapts based on performance feedback. However, the distinctive feature of our approach is that we abandon the “organization as a unitary actor” assumption, and model a separation of beliefs and actions. The central insight is that, given this separation, precise implementation has benefits beyond the well‐known effect of enabling exploitation of good strategies. It enables the discovery of better strategies by allowing more effective learning from feedback on the value of current strategies. Managerial summary : Given the reality that the strategies coming from the C‐suite are seldom perfect, is it sensible for managers to place such a heavy emphasis on implementing them precisely? In this paper we develop a theory that explains why the answer may be “yes”. In most organizations, the formulators and implementors of strategy are distinct. Imprecise implementation makes it difficult for the formulators to learn the value of their strategies, as neither success nor failure necessarily indicates something about the value of the strategy itself, when implementation is imprecise. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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本文基于碳排放权交易机制,建立理性层次不同、非线性成本的进行碳排放权交易的两企业垄断产量博弈模型,然后对模型系统的进行稳定性分析和数值模拟。分析发现,系统的稳定性与系统的所有参数都相关,而碳排放权交易价格的变化对系统均衡点的存在性、稳定性及其值的大小也有很大的影响。模拟结果表明,系统的稳定性取决于有限理性企业的产量调整速度和适应性理性企业的产量调整速度,碳排放权交易价格的升高会导致系统的稳定性增加,而随着碳排放权交易价格的升高,企业的均衡产量因碳交易成本的增加而减少。 相似文献
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制度化管理一直作为西方企业管理中的潜在命题存在,但是在缺失科学管理发展基础的中国企业,有必要突出制度化管理的意义。从企业管理发展史来看,制度化管理是工业革命和资本主义经济、技术发展的结果,同时制度化管理也是现代企业自身发展的需要。制度化管理是伴随西方管理对科学理性的追求而产生和发展的。制度化管理是组织理性的表现,企业的制度化本身能够在一定程度上反映企业的管理水平。对现阶段的中国民营企业而言,制度化程度是衡量企业管理水平的重要标准。 相似文献
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We examine the power and limitations of imitation. Naive intuition may hold that the efficacy of imitation would be diminished by imperfections in copying high‐performing firms. Employing a computational model, we study the dynamics of imitation when firms are subject to bounded rationality that limits their ability to copy the market leader. We find that imperfect imitation can generate unexpectedly good outcomes for follower firms—indeed, better than the outcomes achieved if they were perfect imitators. Moreover, imperfect imitation, from time to time, enables follower firms to surpass superior firms. These findings suggest there is an adaptive role to mechanisms, such as bounded rationality, that make perfect imitation difficult. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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This study investigates the moderating roles of environmental munificence and dynamism in the relationship between process rationality and organizational performance. Based on a sample of 62 manufacturing firms, the study found that environmental munificence and dynamism moderate the relationship between rationality and performance. Further, the study found that rationality is strongly associated with performance in environments high in munificence and dynamism. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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马春超 《建筑市场与招标投标》2006,(1):48-48
工程量清单招标是国际上普遍使用的通行做法。它适应市场并合理配置资源,有利于施工企业合理报价,实现优胜劣汰,有利于标底的管理和控制,合理分散风险等,是我国工程造价体制改革的必然走向。 相似文献
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汤吉军 《地质技术经济管理》2010,(5):1-4
文章放松了新古典经济学条件下沉没成本决策无关性假设前提,进而从真实世界角度阐述沉没成本悖论存在的理性逻辑,从而表明人们很难忽略过去发生的沉没成本,它本身并不能被视为一种悖论或错误行为,甚至是非理性行为,同样也是在约束条件下一种广义理性行为。因此,需要承认沉没成本悖论存在的普遍性,而且还需要采取恰当的非正式和正式制度设计克服沉没成本悖论所带来的负面影响,并不是简单地警告我们不要考虑过去发生的沉没成本,＂让过去的事情过去吧＂的规范结论。因此,不仅需要提高决策者的认识能力,更多需要采取加强沉没成本与风险管理,创造一个良好的市场环境是最为根本的。 相似文献
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基于选择性理性的激励模型及应用研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
研究企业激励机制的传统模式主要以经济学理论和目标为前提。本文通过对经济人分析范式的拓展研究，证明在标准的效用最大化经济分析框架中存在着选择性理性的经济行为，经济与管理的激励过程同时包含着社会因素和心理因素及其共同交互作用和影响。个人本质行为激励与社会文化规范激励的交叉作用是研究激励问题不可或缺的手段。 相似文献
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股票期权激励契约合理性及其约束性因素——基于中国上市公司的实证分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
股权激励是完善上市公司治理的重要环节。设计适合中国上市公司特征的股权激励方案并规避其所带来的风险是使其发挥作用的关键。本文以2006—2008年公布与实施股票期权激励方式的中国上市公司为样本,对股票期权激励契约的合理性特征及其内生约束性因素进行了理论探讨与实证检验,研究表明,激励期限与绩效条件是体现股票期权契约合理性的关键要素,除外部法律与监管约束之外,大股东、债务融资与独立董事等内生性因素对两者具有显著的约束作用,进一步证实了公司内部治理机制的互补效应假说,为上市公司股票期权契约的设计与实施提供有益参考。 相似文献
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依法纳税是每个公民的义务,而依法科学纳税则是企业纳税理性的具体表现。本文通过分析纳税理性的内涵及其特点,归纳提出了企业纳税理性具体包括偷逃税、依法纳税、科学税收筹划等涉税行为,并提出了企业理性纳税的行为选择和具体建议,进一步规范企业依法纳税、科学纳税。 相似文献
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This paper investigates the relationship between the process of strategic decision-making and management and contextual factors. First, drawing on a sample of strategic decisions, it analyzes the process through which they are taken, into seven dimensions: comprehensiveness/rationality, financial reporting, rule formalization, hierarchical decentralization, lateral communication, politicization, problem-solving dissension. Second, these process dimensions are related to (1) decision-specific characteristics, both perceived characteristics and objective typologies of strategic decisions, (2) top management characteristics, and (3) contextual factors referring to external corporate environment and internal firm characteristics. Overall, the results support the view that strategic decision processes are shaped by a multiplicity of factors, in all these categories. But the most striking finding is that decision-specific characteristics appear to have the most important influence on the strategic decision-making process, as decisions with different decision-specific characteristics are handled through different processes. The evident dominance of decision-specific characteristics over management and contextual factors enriches the traditional ‘external control’ vs. ‘strategic choice’ debate in the area of strategic management. An interpretation of results is attempted and policy implications are derived. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Several approaches have been used to explore environmental dynamism as a contingent predictor of the relationship between rational‐comprehensive strategic decision‐making and firm‐level performance. At the decision level of analysis, however, small sample sizes, low statistical power, and statistical dependence have plagued the research. Through the use of a simulated decision‐making environment and multilevel analysis, this study examined 400 decisions from 54 executive teams. Consistent with much of the existing firm‐level research, the results indicated that environmental dynamism may moderate the relationship between rational‐comprehensive decision making and decision quality. Surprisingly, the form of the relationship differed from much of the firm‐level research. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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质量隐患报告(QHR)的理念要求全体员工善于发现质量隐患、制定预防措施,并及时向总部报告,总部对数据进行统计分析,根据分析结果制定质量管理方面的预防和改进措施,以预防质量事故和提高工程质量。阐述了QHR理念从引入到推广、执行和应用的全过程,以及QHR能较好地预防质量事故的效果,给其他工程项目提供借鉴作用。 相似文献
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This inductive research attempts to explore the dynamics of firm internationalization process, with a focus on a manufacturing firm's first-time foreign entry endeavor. By conducting comparative analyses based on six cases of Taiwanese manufacturing firms who have established production bases in Indonesia and Malaysia, we postulate a conceptual framework entailing relationships among entry decision, implementation strategy, and local adaptation. We highlight the role of subsidiary's entrepreneurial initiatives play in achieving required extent of local adaptation and hence successful implementation for companies lacking sufficient experiential knowledge of internationalization. Propositions based on the conceptualization are detailed and the implications of these qualitative insights are discussed, with an expectation of contributing to the extant theories of internationalization. 相似文献
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How do firms allocate limited search resources among substituting technologies with uncertain prospects? This paper contrasts three different approaches. The first follows evolutionary theorists' portrayals of decision‐making processes under bounded rationality. The second approach—real option reasoning—fosters flexibility by investing in more than one technology and postponing the decision to specialize. Following the third approach—real option pricing—firms base their search investments on forward‐looking calculations of technology option prices. We lay out the contrasting theoretical assumptions behind each of these three approaches and construct a simulation model to compare their implications. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Research Summary: Intra‐firm replication of complex knowledge is difficult yet critical to firm growth and the exploitation of competitive advantage. Inter‐unit organizational structures can facilitate the replication of complex knowledge between a source unit and a recipient unit. This study examines how inter‐unit organizational structures perform at different levels of knowledge complexity. We dimensionalize the patterns of information‐processing interactions according to three specific factors: the degree of inter‐unit connectivity, the extent of mirroring between the structure and the knowledge configuration, and coordination mechanisms. Simulation analyses offer a set of novel findings on how the information‐processing and bounded‐rationality concerns of organizational design impact the replication performance of the structures. We derive optimal structures for different levels of knowledge complexity, and articulate their theoretical and practical implications. Managerial Summary: The growth of firms often involves redeployment of their complex knowledge to new subunits or markets, in the context of acquisitions, alliances, or the creation of multinational subsidiaries. Complex knowledge is difficult to imitate, and thus, serves as a source of competitive advantage. However, it is also challenging to replicate within a firm, which limits firms’ ability to redeploy their capabilities in pursuit of new opportunities. A proper design of inter‐unit structures can facilitate the replication of complex knowledge between intra‐firm units. This study examines how the design of inter‐unit structures affects the outcome of this replication. Our results suggest that managers in charge of redeployment efforts should be mindful of the connectivity among units, coordination mechanisms, information overload, and the level of knowledge complexity. 相似文献
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Karen E Flaherty 《Industrial Marketing Management》2004,33(4):325-332
Recent research has documented how complex interactions between individual, SBU, and corporate characteristics come together to influence salespeople's evaluations of their current jobs. An unresolved question, however, is if these characteristics influence job choice among salespeople. We develop a conceptual framework of how specific individual and SBU level factors impact choice of sales job and test the framework empirically in a business-to-business service context. Results support a bounded rationality perspective in that salespeople elicit simple criteria when selecting jobs. 相似文献