减轻农民负担必须坚持标本兼治

农民负担问题反映了国家、集体和农民的利益关系,事关农村改革、发展与稳定的大局,不仅是一个经济问题,也是一个政治问题。党中央、国务院高度重视减轻农民负担工作,坚持实行标本兼治,采取了一系列重大措施,     

深化农村税费改革 切实减轻农民负担

农村税费改革是调整、改善农村分配关系，减轻农民负担的重大政策性措施。农村实行税费改革，从本质上规范征管，从源头上杜绝乱收费，切实减轻农民负担，对保护农村生产力，调整产业结构，调动农民的生产积极性，促进农村的经济发展和实现整个社会的长治久安具有重大意义。     

刍议推进农村税费改革配套措施的完善

农民负担过重是中国农业和农村发展的一个无法回避的突出问题。为了减轻农民负担，确保农民增收，全国许多省份陆续进行了农村税费改革试点。从目前已经试点的地区来看，执行的结果是农民减轻负担的幅度大都在30％以上，远高于最初的减负20％的要求。应该说，农村税费改革初见成效，这对于增加农民收入，维护农村稳     

“黄宗羲定律”与农村税费改革

本文对农村税费改革进行了分析,提出解决当前我国农村税费改革问题的建议措施,一是改革农村行政管理体制,精简乡镇政府机构;二是健全农村财税体制,解决经济上的后顾之忧;三是建立减轻农民负担责任制和监督机制。     

对宾县减轻农民负担情况的调查

长期以来,农民负担问题一直是党和人民十分关注的问题,农民负担问题解决的好坏事关改革、发展、稳定的大局。宾县县委县政府充分认识做好减轻农民负担工作的重大意义,采取多项措施,落实减负政策,取得明显成效。一、2003年宾县减轻农民负担情况宾县是一个农业县份,辖12镇5乡,143     

加快农村税费改革是减轻农民负担的根本措施

农民负担问题是关系农村经济持续发展和社会稳定的基本问题。当前,农民收入增长缓慢,农民总体负担沉重,已严重影响了社会经济的正常运行。江泽民总书记在中共中央关于农业和农村工作会议上明确指出:“改革和规范农村税费制度,是减轻农民负担的治本之策。”本文将从分析农民负担过重的原因入手,对如何推进农村税费改革谈一点认识。 一、农业税费负担的现状 农民负担可分为两大部分:一是按国家法律法规征收的税收,主要有农业税和农业特产税,二是各     

从城乡一体化建设看农村税费改革

通过对农民负担问题的现状，原因进行分析得出以下结论：农民负担沉重的根源在于“农村社会”与“城市社会”的相互隔离，要减轻农民负担，增加农民收入，适应加入WTO以后的激烈竞争形势，必须走城乡一体化的道路，在此基础上，提出了对农村税费改革的构想-统一城乡工商税制，在农村推行所得税，改革行政收费制度和改革农村财政管理体制。     

关于塔城地区农村税费改革情况的调查报告

农业、农村和农民问题是关系我国改革开放和社会主义现代化建设全局的重大问题。农村税费改革是党中央、国务院在新的历史条件下做好农业和农村工作、进一步解放和发展农村生产力、促进农村经济发展和社会稳定的—件大事，是从根本上减轻农民负担，规范农村税费制度的一项重大决策，是增加农民收入、进一步深化农村改革的一个重大步骤。     

农村税费改革后如何加强乡镇财源建设

农村税费改革从根本上减轻了农民负担，有力地促进了农村经济社会的健康发展。山东省沂水县在税改后，政策内减负总额3726万元，农民人均减负37元，减负率29％。税改后如何加强乡镇财源建设，既减轻农民负担，又保证乡镇政权组织正常运转和农村社会的稳定，是迫切需要高度重视和认真解决的问题。     

浅析乡镇财政管理的问题与对策

乡镇财政管理问题,是关系到党的基层政权建设,关系到党和国家方针、政策在农村贯彻落实,关系到减轻农民负担、维护农村社会稳定的大问题。转换乡镇财政管理职能,改革乡镇财政管理方式,培植财源,规范乡镇财政支出行为,是解决乡镇财政管理问题的必由之路。     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.