中国区域经济增长关联性与协调发展研究

文章提出了区域间经济增长关联性的定义,并以此定义为基础对我国东部、中部、西部及东北四大政策区域间经济增长的关联性进行检验。结果表明:①西部与东部及东北地区间均形成了良好的相互促进的经济增长关联性。同时,中部、东部及西部等三大地区之间也形成了较好的经济增长关联性。除此之外,其他区域组合之间不存在经济增长关联性。②西部经济增长是东部及东北地区经济增长的Granger原因,而东部、东北及西部同为中部地区经济增长的Granger原因。③利用VAR模型的脉冲响应函数方法分析了各区域的经济增长受到干扰后对其他区域经济增长的影响,并发现,发达的东部地区对欠发达的中部、西部及东北地区的经济具有明显的带动作用。然而,这些欠发达区域的经济对于东部地区的经济增长没有产生较强的推进作用,而且,欠发达区域之间也没有形成相互促进经济增长的机制。最后,提出了增强我国区域经济增长的关联性以推动区域经济协调发展进程的政策建议。     

中国区域公立科技创新资源与经济发展水平相关性分析

各国各政府相继开展了创新系统建设,而"创新型城市"、"创新型区域"的建设成为国家创新体系的重要组成部分。利用突变级数法综合考虑地区生产总值、年末总人口、人均地区生产总值、经济密度,对地区经济发展水平进行评价;并基于地区公立科研机构对地区科技创新资源进行评估,研究区域公立科技创新资源与经济发展水平之间相关性。中国区域经济发展水平与公立科技资源之间并无明显的正相关关系。由二者决定的散点图,呈现较弱的抛物线分布。因此,区域公立科技投入如何与经济发展水平进行匹配,以提高科技产出效率,有待进一步研究支撑。     

GENDER EARNINGS DIFFERENCES IN CHINA: BASE PAY,PERFORMANCE PAY,AND TOTAL PAY

We utilize a data set that has not been used in literature—the Life Histories and Social Change in Contemporary China (LHSCCC)—to provide new evidence on male‐female pay differences in China. The data set not only enables us to control for a wide range of pay‐determining characteristics but also is the first to enable an analysis of the different components of pay (e.g., base pay and performance pay) as well as for total pay. We find: (1) Women receive about three‐quarters of male pay for each of the dimensions of base pay, performance pay, and total pay, before adjusting for the effect of different pay‐determining factors; (2) Approximately two‐thirds of the gap reflect the fact that females tend to be paid less than males for the same wage‐determining characteristics (often labeled as discrimination), while about one‐third reflects the fact that males have endowments or characteristics that tend to be associated with higher pay, especially supervisory responsibilities, general labor market experience, occupational skills, education, and membership in the Communist party; (3) Marriage has a large positive effect on the earnings of women in China (and none for men), but childcare responsibilities for children under the age of 6 have a large negative effect on the earnings of women although these are offset almost completely if an elder family member is present, highlighting that childcare responsibilities disproportionately fall on women unless an elder family member is present; (4) Pay premiums for higher level skills and higher supervisory ranks are remarkably small for both males and especially females; (5) With respect to the unexplained or “discriminatory” portion of the gap, females get a huge pay penalty for simply being female, but a substantial portion of this gets offset by the higher pay premium they receive for such factors as Han ethnicity, being married, and education. This suggests that discrimination tends to occur in the form of a pay penalty for simply being female and not from lower returns to the same endowments of pay‐determining characteristics. (JEL J3, J7, M5)     

浅析我国区域经济发展失衡的原因及对策

改革开放以来，在国家政策和宏观条件的影响下，我国三大经济地带的经济发展不平衡，差距呈扩大趋势。本文从分析我国经济发展的现状阐明我国区域经济发展失衡的原因，并从我国国情出发提出缩小中西部地区与东部沿海地区经济发展差距的具体措施。     

ECONOMIC TRANSITION AND SUBJECTIVE POVERTY IN URBAN CHINA

Market-oriented economic reforms have substantially changed the Chinese economy. A policy of "allowing some to get rich earlier" clearly has benefited some regions of the country more than others. The purpose of this paper is to investigate changes in regional urban poverty during this period of policy transition. Our approach is based on survey responses to minimum needs (i.e., the "subjective method"). For the richest (Coast) and poorest regions (North West) we find unambiguous declines in poverty between 1988 and 1995 for the registered population. For the Central and South West regions we find that changes in poverty over time are sensitive to both the poverty line selected and the poverty index employed.     

珠江三角洲经济发展、城市扩张与农田流失研究——以东莞市为例

珠江三角洲自改革开放的２０年来经历了巨大的发展,但也导致了城市的迅速扩张以及大量宝贵农田的流失。本文以珠江三角洲发展最快的城市之一的东莞为例探讨其经济发展、城市扩张以及农田流失的关系。研究发现了农田流失与不同阶段的经济发展有密切的关系。自进入９０年代以来,由于房地产的过热发展,造成了农田的加速流失,严重浪费土地资源。珠江三角洲的农田流失与乡镇企业的发展,地方自主权的扩大,香港的影响,交通条件的改善以及土地管理等一系列因素有关。     

HEALTH INVESTMENT AND ECONOMIC OUTPUT IN REGIONAL CHINA

Using a 29‐year (1978–2006) panel of provincial‐level data from China, this article investigates the role of health capital in a human capital model of economic output. Robust evidence is found through panel cointegration analysis that health capital has a significant and positive effect on the Gross Regional Product in China; the effect being stronger in the inland regions compared to the coastal areas based on estimates that account for regional heterogeneity. This article highlights and discusses the potential role of diminishing returns to health investment in this globally important area. (JEL I15, R11, C23)     

近20年来中国区域经济发展差异的测定与评价

选取人均GDP、人均社会消费零售总额社会经济指标,通过计算其变异系数、加权变异系数、威廉森系数、最大与最小系数,对中国1978-2002年的经济发展不平衡性进行了动态时序分析,定量评价,了近20年来中国区域社会经济发展的差异程度;采用经济区位酶指标分析了中国经济发展空间格局的动态演化过程。结果表明,1990年以前中国经济区域差异程度在减小,1990年以后经济区域差异程度扩大,社会消费水平总体上呈扩大趋势。在空间格局上,经济发达区由过去的东北地区扩展到东部沿海地区,1970-1980年代区域差异表现为经济发达区、经济发展区、经济落后区之间的差异,而到1990年代主要表现为经济发达区和经济落后区之间的差异,两极化趋势明显,区域差异程度加大。     

中国农村经济发展水平的区域差异分析

以大陆31个省级行政区为基本区域单元,选取18项代表农村经济发展水平的评价指标,利用SPSS13对2007年中国农村经济发展水平进行主成分分析,并通过系统聚类法进行分类,结果表明:中国农村经济发展水平存在明显的区域差异,主要表现地区间的东西差异,地区内的南北差异和省域上的民族区与直辖市的差异,最后分析了差异原因并提出缩小农村经济区域差异的基本思路。     

中国区域经济发展水平空间差异研究

本文选取35项指标定量分析了我国经济发展水平的空间差异特征。我国发达型和较发达型省域少,欠发达型和落后型省域多,城市型政区发展水平高,民族型政区和少数民族集聚的省份发展水平低,长江三角洲、珠江三角洲经济发展水平高居全国前列。三大地带经济发展水平虽呈梯次展布,但反梯度现象同时存在,且东、中、西的差异主要表现为东部与中西部的差异。我国经济发展水平的差异以第三产业与外向型经济、居民生活质量表现更为突出。     

URBAN POVERTY IN CHINA AND ITS CONTRIBUTING FACTORS, 1986–2000

Food price increases and the introduction of radical social welfare and enterprise reforms during the 1990s generated significant changes in the lives of urban households in China. During this period urban poverty increased considerably. This paper uses household level data from 1986 to 2000 to examine what determines whether households fall below the poverty line over this period and investigates how the impact of these determinants has changed through time. We find that large households and households with more nonworking members are more likely to be poor, suggesting that perhaps the change from the old implicit price subsidies, based on household size, to an explicit income subsidy, based on employment, has worsened the position of large families. Further investigation into regional poverty variation indicates that over the 1986–93 period food price increases were also a major contributing factor. Between 1994 and 2000 the worsening of the economic situation of state sector employees contributed to the poverty increase.     

ECONOMIC TRANSITION AND THE GENDER EARNINGS GAP IN CHINESE INDUSTRY: THE ROLE OF FIRM CHARACTERISTICS

This paper analyzes the gender wage gap in the post‐reform Chinese industry using a unique employer‐employee matched dataset. The analysis shows that the sex‐related wage premiums at the firm level account for almost all the portion of the gender wage gap that is not explained by observed personal characteristics. It is found that firms which have a larger pay gap between men and women are more likely to operate in the market with fierce competition, subject to a hard budget constraint, adopt piece rates, and have a lower degree of employees' influence. (JEL I30, J16, J21, J64, J71, O10, R20)     

中国财政分权、金融发展、 工业化与经济增长的省际差异

本文采用1978-2006年中国28个地区的省际面板数据建立了检验财政分权、金融发展、工业化与经济增长之间长期关系的协整模型（co integration model）,并采用完全修正的最小二乘法（FMOLS）对模型进行估计。本文把地方政府官员参与政治晋升锦标赛竞争的行为影响经济绩效的假设引入对分权化改革过程的分析,对中国改革开放以来地方政府之间的竞争何以在促成经济总量高速增长的同时又导致各地区在财政分权、金融发展、工业化和经济增长方面呈现出差异的原因进行了分析,进而得出本文的分析结论并对其政策含义进行了讨论。     

经济发展、地区分工与地方贸易保护

本文运用新兴古典经济理论从分工演进和经济发展角度对地方贸易保护问题进行了系统的理论分析。在对经济发展的一般机制及其与地区分工相互关系进行论述的基础上,我们利用对引入交易费用的李嘉图模型的超边际分析来研究地方贸易保护行为。文章认为,中央政府打破和消除地方贸易保护目标的实现应当围绕引导地方政府特别是落后地区政府决策从短期向长期转变为中心而采取相应措施。     

金融发展、财政分权与地区经济差异

通过对我国28个省份1990-2004年的数据进行面板分析,考察金融发展对地区经济差异的影响,以及与金融联系紧密的财政分权对于这种影响的作用.结果表明:在东部和西部地区,金融发展对经济增长产生了显著的促进作用,而在中部和东北地区,金融发展却没有形成推动经济增长的良性机制.而财政分权对金融发挥促进经济增长作用的影响在不同区域也各不相同,其中仅在东北地区和西部有利于金融发挥促进经济增长的作用,其他地区则产生了不利影响.同时,还考虑了金融政策因素,以及经济的非国有化等反映市场经济制度的变量对金融与地区经济增长之间关系的影响.最后,在实证分析的基础上提出了从区域金融的角度协调我国区域经济发展的政策建议.     

中国区域经济发展与劳动力流动-使用区域连接CGE模型的数量分析

该文从区域间劳动力流动的视角出发分析中国区域经济发展的问题,特别是工资和收入差距的问题,使用的方法主要是区域连接CGE模型,应用该模型进行了比较静态分析(1997年)和比较动态分析(1997-2010年).依据模拟的结果我们探讨了劳动自由流动的强度、劳动力流动的量、区域间工资或收入差距这三者之间的关系,同时也考察了扩大政府对西部等特定地区的投资所带来的效果.     

中国区域经济发展与劳动力流动-使用区域连接CGE模型的数量分析

本文从区域间劳动力流动的视角出发分析中国区域经济发展的问题,特别是工资和收入差距的问题,使用的方法主要是区域连接CGE模型,应用该模型进行了比较静态分析(1997年)和比较动态分析(1997—2010年)。依据模拟的结果我们探讨了劳动自由流动的强度、劳动力流动的量、区域间工资或收入差距这三者之间的关系,同时也考察了扩大政府对西部等特定地区的投资所带来的效果。     

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN VOCATIONAL SCHOOL TRAINING AND EARNINGS PREMIUMS IN TAIWAN

Abstract

International capital mobility and economic restructuring have brought training and skills acquisition to the forefront of policy dialogues. Taiwan has gone beyond most countries in promoting vocational education and setting strict quotas for schooling. Although the education plans do not have separate targets for men and women, they have gendered outcomes. Estimates of earnings premiums using ordinary least squares and quantile regression techniques indicate that only men have gained consistently higher premiums from vocational school compared to general schooling. Women who were denied access to the university system have forgone college premiums that exceed those of men. Also, the commerce track, in which women cluster, yields an earnings penalty compared to general schooling, while the technical track, in which men predominate, yields an earnings premium. Policy reforms based on relaxing education quotas and enforcing equal opportunity legislation would provide women with more rewarding education and career options.     

中国东部沿海县域农村经济增长的差异及其成因

基于东部沿海地区县域1980、1990、2000和2005年的农村发展数据,分析农村经济增长的差异特征,通过构建计量经济模型进一步揭示了农村经济增长的差异成因.结果显示:东部沿海整体及各省市内部农村经济增长区域差异趋于收敛,但省际的差异逐年增大;平坦的地形有利于农村经济增长,区位条件影响经济增长的效应并不明显;农地资源丰度与农村经济增长水平存在负向关系,人力资本强化了农村经济增长差异;经济基础是决定农村发展地域差异的主要成因,产业非农化进一步扩大了区域差异;城市化对农村经济增长的效应并不显著,政策等社会因素的经济增长效应存在明显的阶段性差异.