投资、消费协调发展与经济增长

本文通过对投资和消费与经济增长关系的论述,分析了1978-2003年我国投资、消费和经济增长发展的特点,说明了投资和消费的协调发展与经济增长的关系,表明只有保持投资和消费的适当发展比例才能促进经济的发展.     

投资、消费协调发展与经济增长

本文通过对投资和消费与经济增长关系的论述,分析了1978-2003年我国投资、消费和经济增长发展的特点,说明了投资和消费的协调发展与经济增长的关系,表明只有保持投资和消费的适当发展比例才能促进经济的发展.     

投资、消费协调发展与经济增长

本文通过对投资和消费与经济增长关系的论述,分析了1978-2003年我国投资、消费和经济增长发展的特点,说明了投资和消费的协调发展与经济增长的关系,表明只有保持投资和消费的适当发展比例才能促进经济的发展。     

投资消费结构影响因素及合意投资消费区间——基于跨国数据的国际比较和实证分析

本文分析了投资消费结构影响因素,并对我国的合意投资消费区间进行了匡算。在文献综述基础上,本文对投资消费结构影响因素进行了国际比较,利用跨国面板分析、中国协整分析,佐证国际比较相关判断,并匡算我国合意投资消费区间。结果表明:经济发展阶段及城市化水平、经济外向型程度、地域及文化传统、经济体制等都对投资消费结构有显著影响;综合这些因素,我国当前合意的投资率和消费率区间为40%～45%和55%～60%;当前投资消费结构明显失衡,实施经济刺激政策应兼顾优化投资消费结构。     

投资需求对于中国经济增长的绩效和成本分析

投资一直是中国经济增长最主要的动力,本文通过对1992年以来,中国经济增长率、投资率、消费率以及固定资本形成率的历史数据的比较分析,根据经济增长特点,将中国经济发展分为三个阶段,2003以来,消费比重下降,投资在国民经济中权重越来越大。同时也进一步探索投资、消费对中国经济增长的绩效,并从经济、社会以及环境角度分析了投资需求的成本。只有逐步改变这种不合理的经济增长结构,才能实现经济平稳、长久地发展。     

刍议消费率及投资率与我国的经济增长

通过纵向与横向对比,可以得知,长期以来特别是“十五”期间,我国投资率持续偏高,消费率持续走低。在高投资、低消费下,我国经济保持了较快的增长速度。但从长远来看,高投资率和低消费率必然会对我国经济持续健康发展带来负面影响。在深入分析目前高投资、低消费发展趋势及形成原因的基础上,得出高投资、低消费并不是我国经济发展的常态这一初步结论,并提出应采取有效对策降低投资率,提高消费率,调整投资与消费的比例关系,为我国经济持续快速健康发展奠定坚实基础。     

充分发挥消费需求的拉动作用

需求是经济增长的根本动力 ,启动消费是关系到“建设社会主义新社会的本质要求”的大问题。我国近年来消费需求不旺的主要原因是大部分居民收入水平偏低 ,商品供给方面也存在问题。住房、农村家电、轿车、信息与网络、旅游、文教等消费已经或正在成为我国的消费热点。进一步扩大消费需求 ,需要提高职工工资和农民收入 ,大力发展消费信贷 ,增加消费品的有效供给。     

我国居民消费偏低的原因和对策研究

近些年来，随着我国经济的快速发展，虽然国民生产总值不断提高，但居民收入增长缓慢，收入差距逐步扩大，整个社会消费倾向偏低，导致消费率偏低。提高消费率有利于解决内需不足引发的一系列问题，提高全国人民的生活水平和质量，为构建和谐社会奠定坚实的基础。     

我国现阶段的投资率与消费率分析

自古以来,投资和消费的关系永远都是国民经济中最重要的关系之一,反映投资与消费比例关系的统计指标是投资率和消费率。投资和消费只有保持合理的规模,才能够有效拉动经济增长。如何正确认识投资与消费的关系,分析其失调的原因,采取有效措施并加以解决,对保持我国国民经济持续快速增长具有更加重要的现实意义。     

Does the road to serfdom lead to the Servile State?

Hilaire Belloc's The Servile State is often seen as an antisocialist tract arguing that “socialism is slavery.” It is typically assumed that an appreciation and defense of free market capitalism, as well as a general dislike of government intervention must motivate the its thesis. Nevertheless The Servile State is an argument against what Belloc saw as unbridled capitalism not collectivism. Belloc defines capitalism to mean a state in which there is a skewed distribution of wealth in society where the majority of people are dispossessed, proletariat, and a minority makes up the capitalist, property owning class. For Belloc capitalism is an inherently unstable system and servile measures arise to ameliorate insecurity and instability.     

Does endogenous formation of jurisdictions lead to wealth-stratification?

Conditions under which endogenous processes of jurisdiction formation entail wealth-stratification are examined in a model where unequally wealthy households with identical preferences form jurisdictions in order to produce a public good financed by proportional taxation. We define a stable jurisdiction structure to be a partition of the households into jurisdictions that is immune to individual deviations. We define a jurisdiction structure to be wealth-stratified when each jurisdiction is composed of households who form an interval with respect to the ordering of their wealth. We show that a necessary and sufficient condition for the stratification of any stable jurisdiction structure is for the individual preferences for the public and the private good to exhibit a relation of gross substitutability/complementarity between the public good and the private good that is independent from prices and wealth.     

Does shareholder primacy lead to a decline in managerial accountability?

Shareholder primacy is increasingly considered to be the mosteffective way to foster managerial (corporate) accountability.Contrary to this now standard argument, we consider that shareholderprimacy, rather than gatekeeper failure, is directly responsiblefor the multiplication of accounting irregularities and thedramatic increase in executive compensations. To defend thisthesis, we propose a new reading of Berle and Means (1932),Galbraith (1973) and Alchian and Demsetz (1972), stressing thelogical failure of a control of the business firm provided forby stock markets: the implementation of shareholder primacyimplies a partial disconnection between access to internal knowledgeand empowerment. In turn, this disconnection favours deceptivebehaviours on the part of corporate insiders. Empirical evidencemostly based on Enron-era financial scandals illustrates ourargument.     

广州市教育投资对经济增长贡献率的实证分析

有关数据表明，科技进步对经济增长的贡献率已经从20世纪初的5—20％提高到20世纪90年代的70％-80％。广州市作为经济开放的前沿城市，经济增长速度长年处于全国前列，那麽广州市教育投资的经济效益如何？为广州市经济增长带来了多大贡献呢？本文运用C—D函数模型（柯布-道格拉斯函数模型）进行了实证分析。     

更加严格的环境政策能否使得污染度较小的产品具有比较优势？

一、概述贸易自由化对环境的影响在今天是一个有广泛争论的议题。贸易在最近几十年间的飞速增长,导致了各种对生产专业化的提高可能会对环境产生有害的影响的担心,尤其是对发展中国家,这些国家对环境保护所做的努力充其量不过是微不足道的。贸易与环境这一议题已产生了许多的研     

经济增长和收入差距缩小何以兼得——韩国和中国台湾的经验

通过对相关文献的梳理,本文从经济机会均等、产业结构变化、人力资本积累、农村地区发展四个方面入手,考察了韩国和中国台湾经济起飞的历史.我们认为,经济机会大致均等、产业结构快速升级、重视人力资本积累以及农村地区发展,是造就韩国和中国台湾经济起飞过程中收入差距保持稳定甚至缩小的必要条件.     

On the growth and welfare maximizing allocation of public investment

In this paper we present an endogenous growth model to analyze the growth maximizing allocation of public investment among N different types of public capital. Using this general model of public capital formation, we analyze the stability of the long-run equilibrium and we derive the growth-maximizing values of the shares of public investment allocated to the different types of public capital, as well as the growth-maximizing tax rate (amount of total public investment as a share of GDP). The empirical implication of the model is that both the effects of the shares of public investment and the tax rate on the long-run growth rate are non-linear, following an inverse U-shaped pattern. Our analysis is completed by showing that the growth-maximizing shares of public investment and the growth-maximizing tax rate also maximize welfare in the decentralized economy.     

Externalities of investment, education and economic growth

We present a growth model in which investment in physical capital shows positive externalities which build up knowledge capital. A prerequisite for these spillovers to take place is that a country devotes time to education. Externalities associated with investment need education to raise the stock of knowledge capital. Analysing the competitive economy we demonstrate that the model may explain why some low-income countries show convergence whereas others do not. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in the social optimum the level of investment is always higher than in the competitive economy whereas the time spent for education may be lower or higher. We also show how the competitive economy may replicate the social optimum for an appropriate choice of a lump-sum tax and an investment subsidy. Empirical evidence is provided in order to demonstrate the plausibility of our model.     

Does the invisible hand hold or lead? Market adjustment in an entrepreneurial economy

Adam Smith's “invisible hand” is one of the best-known phrases in economics, but its meaning is somewhat ambiguous. The invisible hand might be viewed as holding the economy close to equilibrium, yet Smith actually says that individuals are led by an invisible hand. Entrepreneurial forces lead an economy along a path that generates economic progress, and that path is determined by the disruptive forces of entrepreneurship. Rather than viewing an economy as tending toward an equilibrium, it is more accurate to view an economy as characterized by continuing progress, led by the invisible hand of entrepreneurial activity. JEL Code B53, D21, E32, O31