农民中介组织发育的经济学本质

利用新制度经济学中的协约——规制结构理论和交易费用理论分析农民中介组织发育的经济学本质,揭示农民中介组织和农民的关系模式只能是三种:公司企业组织模式、合作社模式、合同关系模式。     

基于文化契合度的规范外员工不当行为管理

规范外的员工的不当行为会破坏组织的持续和健康发展,损耗组织的凝聚力和创造力,存在极大的潜在危害。而传统管理工具忽视员工的感情因素和精神价值驱动,对其缺乏有效管理。当前,规范外的员工不当行为形式多样,问题严重。组织要基于文化契合度视角,从社会、企业、员工等多个层面审视和分析原因,并在组织文化建设、实施柔性管理、员工甄选、成员培训、职业生涯管理、维护组织公平等环节采取有效措施,实现个人与组织价值观的高度契合,消除制度规章无法解决的规范外员工不当行为。     

契约、所有权变迁与家族企业关系治理

目前,家族企业中存在着契约治理和关系治理相结合的治理模式。就中国的家族企业而言,在初创期,董事会、经理层和家族成员大多是合三为一的,适宜采取关系治理,主要借助家族内部的信任、关系网络等资源进行治理;企业进入成长期和成熟期,内部所有权逐渐明晰以后,董事会的作用会凸显出来,适宜采用契约治理。在这一过程中,所有权的变迁是关键。现阶段中国的家族企业,其家庭价值观念强、企业规模小、家族控股多的,宜实行关系治理模式;而董事会功能健全、企业规模大、家族控股少的企业,则应该实行契约治理模式。     

资产专用性、不确定性与交易的治理模式——基于农业龙头企业与农户间交易的实证研究

交易的治理模式包含正式的合约治理与非正式的关系治理两种,影响治理模式选择的因素很多,其中不确定性和资产专用性是被广泛讨论的两个主要因素,但关于他们的作用却仍然没有统一的研究结论。本文利用来自农业龙头企业与农户间交易的数据,试图在这一特定情境下,对不确定性与资产专用性将如何影响交易的治理模式进行分析。研究发现,相对合约治理来说,农业龙头企业与农户间的关系治理能够更好地应对资产专用性和不确定性带来的风险;而农业龙头企业投入的物质资产专用性的增加也应该伴随着更多的合约治理。本文的研究结果对我国农业龙头企业和农户合作的治理模式选择有一定的实践指导意义。     

Information Search in Industrial Purchase Decisions

A substantial body of scholarly work focuses on the conditions under which industrial buyers are likely to search for information relevant to the buying decision- and on the sources of information they use most often. Yet there had been relatively little attention to the relationship between the sources of information used by industrial purchasers and the topics, which are the focus of their search effort. In this research organizational buyers provided data, which is used to reveal the underlying relationship between the sources consulted and the topics considered. The results of the exploratory research provide new empirical evidence concerning the “direction of search” and stimulate further thinking about various aspects of information search in industrial buying decisions.     

The negotiator’s power as enabler and cultural distance as inhibitor in the international alliance formation

We examined how the negotiator’s power, the explorative–exploitative purpose and cultural distance interact in the negotiation for an international business alliance formation. Our participant observation in some several events of negotiation suggests that the executive’s power plays an enabling role in the negotiation for alliance formation. However, cultural distance between the negotiating parties in the international business context hampers the success of the negotiation. In particular, person power supports the explorative alliance purpose. The explorative alliance embodies technical and behavioural uncertainty. On the other hand, position power supports the exploitative alliance purpose. The exploitative alliance purpose more aptly embodies behavioural uncertainty than technical uncertainty does.Cultural distance has a high negative influence on person power and the explorative alliance, and person power and the explorative alliance indicate high uncertainty. In comparison, cultural distance has a negative influence on position power and exploitative alliance, and position power and exploitative alliances indicate low uncertainty. In other words, cultural distance matters more in the person–explorative combination than it does in the position–exploitative combination. The main assumption is that cultural distance has adverse effects on both power and tasks in the negotiation. However, the notions of power and purpose do not influence the effect of national cultural differences.     

信誉资本与会计诚信契约的自动履行

由于受到 \"成本--效益\"因素的制约,会计诚信契约的强制履行不可避免存在履约盲区,信誉机制在会计诚信契约的自动履行中的作用不可或缺.信誉机制对会计诚信契约自动履约范围大小由会计规则执行者的私人履约资本决定,因此,建立一个有利于私人履约资本生成和积累的社会制度环境是提高会计诚信水平的重要途径.     

基于风险知识联盟的治理结构

知识联盟是企业与企业或与其他机构通过结盟方式,从对方获取知识或与对方一起共同创造新知识。由于知识联盟是介于企业与市场之间的一种组织形态,尚缺乏有效的管理手段因而被视作是一种高风险战略。因此,企业要想通过联盟产生新知识,选择一种合适的治理结构就显得尤为重要。     

关于合同责任系统的探讨

合同过程分为成立、生效、履行和履行完毕四个阶段。与此相对应 ,合同责任分别有三种样态 :先合同责任 ,即合同生效前之订立阶段的缔约过失责任和成立后至生效前的效力过失责任 ;合同中责任 ,即合同生效后至履行完毕前之违约责任 ;合同履行完毕后之后合同责任。这三种合同责任样态以诚实信用原则为理论基础。共同构建合同责任系统。     

论我国公司治理的综合模式

近年来 ,世界各国公司治理的演化出现了相互融合的趋势。而在我国 ,由于产权制度、公司内部机关、市场机制存在诸多问题 ,公司治理往往流于形式。因此 ,必须在逐步完善各项基础性条件的同时 ,构建适合我国公司实际情况的综合治理模式     

Strategic fit, contractual, and procedural governance in alliances

This paper focuses on the simultaneous mediating and moderating effects of different governance mechanisms on the relationship between conditions for alliance formation and outcome. Alliance governance takes two distinct forms: contractual integration and procedural coordination. While contracts may help set the legal parameters of the alliance agreement, it is day-to-day coordination of activities and processes that determine the effectiveness of such contracts. The proposed framework explains how knowledge outcome of collaborative relationships may be determined by the match of partner motives, influenced by the mix of contractual and procedural governance. A series of testable propositions helps answer the following question. Do combinations of contractual and procedural governance mechanisms, given specific strategic fit, explain knowledge performance differentials?     

浅议执法制度创新的几个问题

提高行政执法质量 ,消除和减少“低级执法” ,需要政府机关和全社会的努力 ,需要从立法、执法、监督等环节配套解决。执法制度创新要求实行“同类权限”集中管辖 ;构建新型的执法监督机制和制度 ;建立行政执法与刑事执法相衔接的工作机制和相关制度 ;完善行政诉讼制度 ;建立健全执法责任制、考评制以及检查制度 ,推行违法违规责任追究制     

What Makes Logistics Integration More Effective? Governance from Contractual and Relational Perspectives

Third-party logistics (3PL) user–provider integration is attracting increasing attention from both academics and practitioners. However, it remains unclear how best to adopt governance mechanisms to safeguard 3PL user–provider integration (e.g., information sharing and process coordination). Based on transaction cost economics and social exchange theory, this study examined the individual and joint effects of contractual (e.g., detailed contracts and contract application) and relational governance (e.g., trust and relational norms) on 3PL user–provider integration for operational performance. We conducted a survey involving 247 3PL service users and analyzed the conceptual model using the method of structural equation modeling. The results showed that process coordination improved operational performance, while information sharing alone did not significantly improve operational performance but complemented the role of process coordination in improving operational performance. In addition, having detailed contracts was positively related to process coordination, while contract application was positively related to information sharing. Trust was not significantly related to information sharing or process coordination, while relational norms were positively related to both. Finally, three joint effects on 3PL user–provider integration were found. Two of them were substitutional (detailed contracts and relational norms; contract application and trust), and one was complementary (detailed contracts and trust). This study makes several theoretical contributions and provides novel guidelines for 3PL relationship development.     

品牌跨界产品联合距离对联合产品评价及购买意愿的影响

近年来品牌跨界联合的案例不断推陈出新,在品牌跨界中的联合产品差异较大,这与过去品牌联合追求匹配性存在巨大反差。企业如何提高品牌跨界联合效果成为学术界与实践界的关注热点。文章聚焦品牌跨界情境,探究产品联合距离与概念组合解释策略对联合产品评价及购买意愿的影响机制。实验研究表明,与近距离的产品联合相比,远距离的产品联合会引起更低的联合产品评价和更低的消费者购买意愿;感知风险和感知创新在产品联合距离与消费者对联合产品评价和购买意愿影响中起到中介作用;关系链接和属性映射的解释策略在产品联合距离对联合产品评价与购买意愿的影响关系以及产品联合距离对感知风险与感知创新的影响关系中起到调节作用。     

第三方物流合作伙伴关系的竞争协调模型和治理模式探讨

第三方物流是物流组织的一次组织创新。随着第三方物流的迅速发展,物流企业之间,以及物流企业与工商企业之间的联盟趋势日益加强,第三方物流合作伙伴关系是中间组织(如战略联盟和虚拟企业)与第三方物流相结合发展的结果。对第三方物流合作伙伴关系的竞争协调模型、治理结构的研究具有理论和现实意义。     

Multilateral alliances and innovation output: The importance of equity and technological scope

The formation of R&D alliances has become an increasingly popular way to achieve improved innovation outcomes. However, R&D alliances face high failure rates due to the dual nature, cooperation and competition, of what can be a very challenging inter-firm relationship, a problem that is compounded when an alliance involves more than two partners. As such, it is important to understand the mechanisms that encourage cooperation in multilateral alliances to help firms achieve desired innovation outcomes. In this study, we hypothesize two such mechanisms: equity governance structure and multi-technology scope. We test our hypotheses using panel data from the pharmaceutical industry spanning 15 years. Our results support the idea that equity governance and having a multiple technology scope are positively related to innovation outcomes in multilateral alliances.     

基于复合生态管理的旅游环境治理范式及其实现路径

改革开放以来,我国逐步将旅游环境治理放在重要位置,在探索与实践中不断完善和推进。但也要清醒地认识到,现有旅游环境治理形势依然严峻。应对国内旅游经济形势和环境保护的机遇和挑战,必须使旅游环境治理行为成为企业、公众(包括游客和当地居民)以及政府的联合行为,将单一的资源产品环节、产业结构环节、政策体制环节和消费行为环节等复合成一个有强生命力的生态系统,努力建设资源节约型和环境友好型的旅游产业。     

A Strategic Perspective of Communication and Information Systems in Marketing Channels

Ifnormation and communication systems are not finance, marketing, or logistics domains. They are corporate/strategic domains that must focus on channel management issues. The corporate strategies and strategic postures of manufacturers and distributors alike have traditionally been driven by marketing, financial, and sometimes logistical considerations. Given the strategic impact of information and communication systems, there are good reasons to believe that the future may hold interorganizational strategic management thrusts driven by information and communication systems linkages. The author explores these strategic thrusts and presents a framework illustrative of the trajectory of alternative strategic and tactical vectors for marketing channel information and communication.     

世界范围内工商关系演变历程及其启示

本文认为,世界范围内工商关系的演变经历了从批发商主导到制造商主导再到零售商主导等三个阶段。目前我国逐渐显现的零售商主导趋势恰恰是这一演变规律的表现,是一种必然的结果;中国目前零售力量的扩大是零售连锁迅速发展的结果;但零售主导的时代,并不意味着任何一个零售企业都能主导渠道,也不意味着任何一个制造商总处在被动地位;我国市场经济体制尚不完善,法律不健全,政府在处理渠道关系方面应发挥积极作用。