Financing Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Ghana

Abstract

Issues of finance and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries have dominated the research agenda at various policy levels. However, very little empirical analysis, that is, hypothesis testing has been carried out to ascertain the relationship between finance and enterprise performance. Although a few studies have attempted to examine this relationship, yet there remain large gaps in our knowledge concerning the relationship between finance and SME development. This paper attempts to fill this gap by providing information on the relationship between finance and enterprise growth in Ghana.     

我国中小企业网络营销适应性分析及发展策略

21世纪网络营销成为企业营销的必然趋势,如何推进我国企业的网络营销,很多专家学者见仁见智,但对于中小企业如何发展网络营销的研究较少。中小企业在我国的社会经济中占有重要的地位,但网络营销现状堪忧,尤其需要关注。所以必须根据网络营销原理,结合我国中小企业的现状,就中小企业如何选择适当的网络营销策略进行探讨。     

嵌入服务利润链的永康中小民营企业内部营销对策探究

我国民营经济在改革开放后发展迅速,同时也暴露出管理落后等问题,造成员工满意度和忠诚度较低,影响了企业的营销绩效。以永康中小民营企业为例,将内部营销理念导入制造行业,通过问卷调查和深度访谈分析目前永康中小民营企业存在的问题,据此在嵌入服务利润链模型的内部营销理论指导下,借助类似营销技术提出了在永康中小民营企业内实施内部营销活动的策略组合,以期提升员工满意度,最终提升企业营销绩效。     

我国中小企业电子商务存在问题及对策

随着互联网以及各项相关技术的日趋成熟,电子商务在社会经济领域得到了广泛的应用。在电子商务中,用户可将自己的各类意愿按照一定的格式输入电子商务网络,可进行多种网上交易业务的选择。电子商务为中小企业提供了新的发展契机。进行信息网络建设,抢占市场,抓住机遇,是中小企业获得竞争优势的关键。     

Determinants of Loan Repayment Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Ghana: The Case of Asante Akyem Rural Bank

We examine the role of a typical set of determinants of loan repayment performance of SMEs in the context of a rural bank’s setting in Ghana. Our analysis using survey data suggests that, while higher application cost, loan size and interest rate exert significantly negative influence on loan repayment, higher educational background of the SME operators is associated with significantly better repayment performance. Interestingly, in comparison with those with only primary-level education, SME operators with tertiary education register the best repayment performance followed by those with secondary education. We provide detailed discussion and managerial implications of these findings.     

实现中小企业集约型增长的市场环境分析

集约型增长是中小企业可持续发展的必由之路，而中小企业的增长方式主要是受市场环境的影响。根据市场竞争对企业资源配置作用的理论，分析集约增长必需具备的市场环境，即市场竞争的完全性、流杨的信息环境与低信息获取成本、充分的人才流通环境、积极的融资环境。     

发展我国中小企业融资租赁的若干意见

在我国,中小企业已成为近年经济增长的最主要的支撑力量之一。然而融资难已成为制约中小企业进一步发展的“瓶颈”。以融物形式达到融资目的的融资租赁作为一支长期被忽视的金融力量,是解决中小企业融资难题的一剂良方。我国中小企业融资租赁存在巨大的发展空间,但怎样发展我国的企业融资租赁仍是一个亟待研究的课题。     

中小企业网络营销成长轨迹分析

网络营销已成为推动中小企业发展壮大最为活跃的因素之一。适时的、有阶段性的实施网络推广,是中小企业网络营销成功的重要保证。中小企业实施网络营销可分为三个阶段：有针对性的选择并挖掘网络工具,求效益;整合多种网络工具,塑造企业网络品牌;打造独立网络平台,谋求长远发展。三个阶段,由易到难,层层递进,可发挥网络营销效益最大化,保证中小企业网络营销顺利实施。     

Normalized Collective Corruption in a Transitional Economy: Small Treasuries in Large Chinese Enterprises

“Small treasuries” (xiaojinku) are off-book accounts found in many large enterprises in China for the purpose of rewarding managers and their subordinates, building up guanxi (personal networks), and even financing the business operations of their danwei (work units). We analyze CESTs with reference to their antecedents, constructs, and consequences. Our analysis indicates that while CESTs can, in some cases, help organizations deal with immediate financial problems, they have negative impacts on organizational performance in relation to the moral hazard of managers, as well as the allocation of organizational resources, in respect of sustainability of strategic advantages and growth, and mismanagement of organizations. Because of the involutionary behavior of managers in Chinese enterprises, we propose that it will require not only organizational controls, but also a fundamental change in these managers’ ideology for solving the problems of CESTs.     

中小企业人力资源管理现状分析

当前我国的中小企业在人力资源管理方面存在部门职能不完善、人才匮乏,培训投入不足、缺乏有效的激励机制、企业文化严重缺失等诸多问题。必须不断完善人力资源管理体系,员工绩效考核及激励、人力资源配置、员工培训和企业文化建设等方面的建设。     

网络经济条件下中小企业的管理创新

在开放平等的网络经济条件下,中小企业的传统经营管理模式必须进行创新。为此根据管理观念、组织结构、生产经营方式三个方面在网络经济条件下企业管理的特点,制定管理创新措施,并在进行管理创新过程中要注意几个相应问题。     

构建中小企业营销服务体系的研究

建立中小企业营销服务体系是完善中小企业服务体系的重要举措。目前,我国无论在理论研究或实践探索中,对此尚属一片空白。应借鉴国际上成功经验,从体系的组织构架原则、服务主体的构成、服务内容设计等方面构建我国中小企业营销服务体系,以使我国中小企业在国民经济发展中发挥更大的作用。     

中国中小企业进入全球营销的模式选择

中国中小企业参与全球营销从趋势上看将是必然选择,虽然目前无论是数量上还是质量上都不可观。本文首先说明中国中小企业完全可以同国内外大企业一样平等参与全球营销;然后针对中国中小企业的不同情况,分别阐述了中国中小企业应该如何选择适合自己的全球营销进入模式。     

How Campanian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Can Compete in the Global Agro-Food Industry

Importance of the agro-food industry in Italy and in Campania led us to investigate industry structure and small and medium enterprises' (SMEs) strategies for competing in the global scenario. We first analyzed the relevance of the Campanian agro-food system. Then we presented the results of face-to-face interviews to some SMEs. Through the interviews, we highlighted the SME value chain structures and their strategies to face global challenges. Most of the Campanian SMEs internationalize their activity by exporting their products abroad. Firms export in markets oriented to a high level of product quality—the main factor of Campanian agro-food SMEs' competitive advantage.     

中小企业在区域创新系统中的角色现状

从纵向的视角考察,近年来我国中小企业在科技经费的筹集、R&D经费的支出、科技人员的分布以及专利等方面发生了新的变化。虽然中小企业作为R IS创新主体的地位已经初步形成,但与发达国家相比较,我国中小企业在技术创新主体化程度上还存在着很大的差距。只有通过引进消化吸收再创新以及产学研结合,才能进一步培育中小企业的自主创新能力。     

中小企业融资中的自有资金信贷机制

银行贷款收益取决于贷款利率和贷款风险两个因素。在贷款利率受到管制时,理性的银行为了实现期望利润最大化,要求企业提供足够抵押来规避贷款风险。我国中小企业由于自身特征及所处信贷环境的原因,银行向其贷款风险大,且得不到足够抵押品,也没有第三方提供担保,这就导致中小企业贷款难现象。因此,我国商业银行应该灵活运用抵押、担保、关系贷款和自有资金多种手段,积极构建中小企业的多层次信贷机制体系。     

中小企业网络营销发展探析

随着现代信息技术的不断发展,中小企业的营销环境也发生了巨大的变化,网络营销正成为一种更加有效的营销形式。以网络营销的内涵分析为基础,分析了中小企业网络营销存在的问题,提出了相关对策建议。     

关于提升我国中小企业国际化水平的思考

近10年来中国企业的国际化程度迅速提高,"走出去"的规模迅速增大。从企业特点和国际市场态势观察,中国应该从大型企业领衔对外投资扩展到鼓励支持更多中小企业"走出去"。中小企业的国际化水平,是反映中国经济和中国企业国际化水平的重要内容。中小企业在提升国际化水平的时候,要注意发挥其独特的优势,并在行业选择、区域选择和介入国际市场的组织方式选择上制订好积极稳妥的发展战略与策略;而政府和社会有关方面,应该对中小企业的国际化水平的提高给予更多的关注和采取更积极的政策措施加以推进。     

促进我国中小物流企业良性运作的对策

中小物流企业是我国物流市场重要的组成部分,是活跃物流市场、促进物流业协调发展的基础与保障。与大型物流企业相比,我国中小物流企业在规模、资金、技术等各方面均处于劣势。面对复杂的物流市场环境,为促进我国中小物流企业良性运作,从企业层面看,中小物流企业必须从战略高度出发审视自身的未来发展,充分认识自己所处的生存环境和地位,寻求自己擅长的服务领域,苦练内功,科学经营,力争在某一细分领域做精、做强,提升竞争力;从政策层面看,政府应采取有效措施,为中小物流企业营造良好的环境,促进大、中、小物流企业有序、健康、稳定、共同发展。     

Small Service Businesses: Advertising Attitudes and The Use of Digital and Social Media Marketing

Advertising is embraced by companies as a means of building awareness, sales, and customer loyalty. However, in recent years advertising has changed. Digital marketing and social media marketing have gained a greater prominence (Lamberton & Stephen, 2016 Lamberton, C., Stephen, A. T. (2016). A thematic exploration of digital, social media, and mobile marketing: Research evolution from 2000 to 2015 and an agenda for future inquiry. Journal of Marketing, 80(November), 146–172. https://doi.org/10.1509/jm.15.0415.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar]). While megabrands spend millions of dollars on advertising, small businesses often view advertising as an expense rather than a means of generating revenue. Small service business owners are often skeptical of the value of digital marketing and social media. This study examines various digital and social media channels that can be utilized to grow their business.