Competition and cooperation between high-speed rail and air transportation services in Europe

New high-speed rail (HSR) lines may have an enormous influence on the provision of air services. The attention has been devoted to competition between both transportation modes but in some cases HSR services may also have an intermodal complementary role with air transportation. By taking a supply oriented empirical analysis, we study the impact of HSR on air service frequencies and seats offered by airlines in large European countries. We emphasize the distinction between routes with and without a hub airport as an endpoint and we also examine the influence of the location of the HSR station. We generally find direct competition between HSR and airlines, but we also provide some evidence that HSR can provide feeding services to long haul air services in hub airports, particularly in hub airports with HRS stations.     

Theoretical framework of systems design for the air transportation system including an inherently quantitative philosophy of scenario development

This paper provides an overview of an inherently quantitative scenario philosophy for systems analysis and innovative concept design in the context of the Air Transportation System (ATS). A general perspective of the ATS is visualized in an “atomic model” with surrounding external scenario factors and the aircraft as the key connecting element between the main stakeholders: manufacturers, airlines, air navigation service providers (ANSPs) and airports. An iterative waterfall model is presented, which serves as a mental model of integration and decomposition over cascades of levels of detail from global scenario level to a single technology. The difference between classical scenario technique and a quantitative, yet participatory methodology of developing scenarios for the ATS is described. In order to integrate and decompose over a large span of levels of details, concept design and synthesis is as important as analysis. Further, quantitative scenario development may be considered as the synthesis of a skillful manipulation of a model deck. Scenario Gaming can be a method to simulate the settlement on requirements of complex socio-technological systems with multiple stakeholders and conflicting perspectives under radically changing boundary conditions. Scenario thinking can be an innovative and explorative instrument of participatory futurology, if not reduced to a mere “input for a tool chain”.     

Impacts of high-speed rail on domestic air transportation in China

This study investigates the impacts of high-speed rail (HSR) on domestic air transportation in China using a new comprehensive modeling framework utilizing both demand and supply perspectives. For the first time the assessment was conducted using an improved panel regression model by taking into account of the detailed opening schedules of various HSR services during the period 2001–2014. The research findings reveal that the deployed HSR services have a significant substitutional effect on domestic air transportation in China, but the effect varies across different HSR routes, travel distance and city type. Specifically, the research found a decrease in domestic passengers of 28.2%, in flights of 24.6% and in seat capacity of 27.9% after the introduction of HSR services. The impacts are found much stronger among those air routes that connect major hub within a distance range of 500 to 800 km. The uneven nature of the impact can be seen in the different experiences of selected cities. For example, air travel declined approximately 45% after commencement of the Wuhan-Guangzhou HSR, whereas it fell by 34% after the opening of the Beijing-Shanghai HSR.     

加快铁路发展完善综合交通体系

我国交通运输业发展迅速,但各种运输方式发展不够均衡,结构不尽合理。分析铁路发展滞后原因,认为铁路尚未充分发挥比较优势,为促进综合交通体系层次分工优势互补,铁路应加快建设,充分发挥骨干作用。     

Variations in hub service in the US domestic air transportation network

This paper looks at the various types of hubs that have evolved in the air transportation network in the USA. Since deregulation of the industry at the end of the 1970s, the major air carriers have expanded their networks to become more competitive, and the number and types of hubs have grown accordingly. A connectivity analysis using a traditional matrix approach is used to derive indices which are the basis for the development of a connectivity classification scheme. In addition, the various service functions of hubs are explored.     

A passenger demand model for air transportation in a hub-and-spoke network

This paper develops an air passenger model that deals with city-pair demand generation and demand assignment in a single framework. Using publicly available and regularly collected panel data, the model captures both time series and cross-sectional variation of air travel demand. The empirical analysis finds that pattern of correlations among alternatives can be described by a three-level nested logit model. Fare, frequency, flight time, direct routing, on-time performance, income, and market distance have significantly effects on air demand. Correcting for the problem of endogenous air fares using instrumental variables yields more plausible estimates of price sensitivity and value of time.     

Comparing transportation project development efficiencies: the California department of transportation and the California county sales tax agencies

Finding time and cost efficiencies associated with preliminary and final design of transportation projects has become increasingly difficult. Major new complexities present interesting and challenging project management issues and many agencies have incrementally adapted the project development process to improve efficiencies. Yet our understanding of the project development process is limited and the incremental changes in the process have not resulted in major modifications in the way in which transportation project development is approached for most agencies. A time honored method for elucidating problems with project development and potential solutions to them has been through the use of governmental audits. For example, over the past 30 years some 14 performance audits and evaluations have conducted of the California transportation project development process. These California audits have suggested that voter or legislatively approved projects, in terms of time, cost, or scope, significantly enhance project efficiencies. In this study, we examine time and cost project development efficiencies between voter or legislatively approved projects and projects with standard scopes. We find no significant evidence that state highway projects with highly defined, voter or legislatively approved project scopes, time, or costs are any more likely to have lower project development costs or times than projects with non-voter approved scopes.     

Evolution of the international air transportation country network from 2002 to 2013

In this research, we analyze the evolution of the international air transportation country network from 2002 to 2013 with two perspectives: The network’s physical topology and the functional network with traffic information. Our analysis shows that the network is scale-free and has the small-world property. The evolution of triadic properties suggests that the network gears towards symmetric, transitive closure. We find that United States, Great Britain, and France are critical from both perspectives; Surprisingly, South Africa is particularly critical from topological point of view. Furthermore, topological and functional criticality are highly correlated to the GDP of a country.     

拓展运输市场需求提高高铁经济效益

针对高速铁路运营模式特点,分析高铁开办快递业务的必要性,探讨如何拓展消费市场,延伸需求服务,建议以快递运输市场为高铁新的经济增长点,采取简单易行的高铁混运兼容模式运行,以促进高铁经济效益的提高。     

Drivers of long-haul air transport route development

An analysis of long-haul routes identifies trends and patterns underlying their development. Five distinct perspectives: geography, regulation, manufacturers, passengers and airlines are taken to investigate the drivers of long-haul route development. From the insights gained it is inferred that the demand for long-haul aircraft is a complex function thereof, whereby long-haul routes are operated between cities with strong business and social connections as influenced by the dynamics of change and underlying geography.     

高速铁路与转变经济发展方式

将经济发展理论与中国高速铁路发展实践紧密结合,论述高速铁路发展在推动中国经济结构调整、带动产业结构升级、促进生态文明建设与和谐社会建设方面的重要作用。认为高速铁路事业的蓬勃发展,是中国转变经济发展方式、建设社会主义和谐社会的重要推动力量。     

The effect of low-cost air transportation on the local economy: Evidence from Southern Italy

This paper investigates how the entry of low-cost carriers in Southern Italy has supported local and regional economic development in different ways: spreading the traffic demand during the year, increasing the rate of international tourism, generating new jobs and improving the income of the area. The evidence of traffic de-seasonality is quantified by an index, resulting in a decrease to all those airports specialized in low-cost services. Additionally, an assessment shows that the net impact driven by a low-cost route on the local economy is about €14.6 million per year.     

The impact of airport capacity constraints on future growth in the US air transportation system

This paper simulates airline strategic decision making and its impact on passenger demand, flight delays and aircraft emissions. Passenger flows, aircraft operations, flight delays and aircraft emissions are simulated for 22 airports in the US, under three airport capacity scenarios. The simulation results indicate that most system-wide implications for operations and environmental impact seem to be manageable, but local impacts at congested hub airports may be significant. The response of the air transportation system to avoid airports with high delays could significantly impact passenger demand and air traffic for these and directly dependent airports. The simulations also suggest that frequency competition effects could maintain flight frequencies at high levels, preventing a significant shift toward larger aircraft, which would otherwise reduce the impact of the capacity constraints.     

高速铁路对区域经济协调发展的促进作用

中国人口多、人均资源少、经济社会发展不均衡,面临着资源短缺和生态环境恶化的压力。在中国主要运输通道建设高速铁路,将极大提高铁路运输能力的有效供给,为区域经济协调发展和可持续发展创造有利条件,同时有利于生产要素的快速流动与产业转移,有利于优化资源配置和形成新的产业带,将为沿线区域经济发展带来新的变革,为沿线经济发展带来新的契机。     

The economic benefits and environmental costs of airport operations: Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport

This paper compares the economic gains from airports with some of the environmental costs of their operations. The economic effects are divided into direct, indirect, and induced impacts, and the direct impact into employment and income generated by the operation of an airport; while the indirect and induced impacts are the income generated in the supply chain. We focus on evaluating employment benefits and the social costs of both aircraft noise and engine emissions, using Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport as a case study. The results indicate that the economic benefits generated from the operations of the airport outweigh the negative side effects.     

关于铁路运输企业科学发展需要把握的若干问题的思考

对照科学发展观要求,分析铁路运输企业存在的问题,提出处理好管理与服务、安全与效益、投入和产出、把握主线和统筹兼顾等六方面关系,推动企业又好又快发展。     

国外铁路重载运输对我国铁路货运发展的启示

铁路重载运输是铁路货运发展的方向,国外铁路重载运输经验可供我国铁路货运发展借鉴.介绍美国、澳大利亚等铁路重载运输国家铁路货运的现状和主要技术特点,结合国外铁路重载运输发展经验,对我国铁路货运的发展提出建议.     

Tourism development and economic growth: a panel Granger causality analysis in the frequency domain

In this paper, we test the causal relationship between economic growth and tourism development in the 1995–2012 period using recently developed panel Granger causality tests that allow for country-level heterogeneity, thus leading to more accurate results for the 12 Mediterranean countries. Although results of the Dumitrescu and Hurlin [(2012) testing for Granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels. Economic Modelling, 29(4), 1450–1460] panel Granger causality test show a unidirectional causality from tourism development to economic growth, results of the Croux and Reusens [(2013). Do stock prices contain predictive power for the future economic activity? A Granger causality analysis in the frequency domain. Journal of Macroeconomics, 35, 93–103] panel Granger causality analysis in the frequency domain show that there is a bidirectional temporary and permanent causality between tourism development and economic growth. The bidirectional causality relationship between tourism development and economic growth, which is the main finding of this study, suggests that in order to achieve high economic growth, policy-makers should focus on developing the tourism sector.     

京津城际铁路（客运专线）与区域经济社会发展研讨会概览

2010年9月26日,京津城际铁路（客运专线）与区域经济社会发展研讨会在北京交通大学科学会堂召开,与会专家学者以京津城际铁路为切入点,对高速铁路发展规划,高速铁路对经济研究前沿引领作用,京津城际铁路经济、科技、社会、旅游、文化、人力资源等效应进行了探讨,认为以京津城际为代表的客运专线建设具有显著的正外部效应,充分肯定了我国提速战略的重大理论和实践意义。     

加快推进我国铁路现代化建设为经济社会又好又快发展提供可靠运力保障

全面总结党的十六大以来铁路科技工作取得的显著成就和基本经验,深入分析铁路科技创新工作面临的新形势,明确"十一五"时期铁路科技创新工作的主要目标和重点任务,动员全路干部职工进一步提升铁路自主创新能力,加快实现我国铁路现代化,努力适应经济社会又好又快发展和人民群众日益增长的运输需求.