Managing the transfer of capabilities within multinational corporations:: the dual role of the subsidiary

In this article, the relation is explored between the external technical embeddedness of the subsidiary, its assigned role, and capability development in the MNC. It is argued that assigning roles of responsibility or mandates to certain subsidiaries can effect integration of subsidiary-developed knowledge in the MNC. Departing from literature on the market-as-networks perspective and writings from recent years on subsidiary roles, hypotheses are developed and a model outlined. The model describes a significant link between the external technical embeddedness of the subsidiary and its assigned role within the MNC, and a significant relation between the subsidiary's assigned role and its importance for other units’ capability development. The model is tested on a sample of 97 subsidiaries using the LISREL 8.3 statistical method. The final model implies that by assigning specific roles to different subsidiaries, headquarters can exploit the knowledge developed in the external environments of these subsidiaries.     

Shadows of the Past:

A bstract . Sociologists have studied various forms of prejudice, but seldom their own. G. Wright Mills emphasis on the relationship of history, Social structure and biography encourages us to reflect on our own case. In the present instance, the attitudes and beliefs of a Welsh-American are examined in social context. Three implicit themes are revealed: (1) the sociological perspective is essential in understanding self ; (2) for self-knowledge no biography is more important than one's own; (3) the examination of the origin of personal prejudices may aid in understanding, more than condemning, those of others.     

Volunteering: the long arm of the law

Voluntary organisations are beginning to acknowledge that they have responsibilities towards volunteers that closely resemble their duties towards paid staff. There is a move towards interviewing volunteers, taking up references and defining the terms and conditions of volunteer work. This paper explores some legal implications of the formalisation of the relationship between voluntary organisations and their voluntary workers. Particular emphasis is placed on the problems that can arise when voluntary workers receive payment over and above the reimbursement of their actual expenditure. Copyright © 1999 Henry Stewart Publications     

论以人为本是高校图书馆的宗旨

科学发展观是中国化的马克思主义最新成果,是指导经济社会发展的根本指导思想,科学发展观的核心是以人为本,高校图书馆是为教学和科学研究服务的学术性机构,它的全部工作的出发点和归宿就是一切为了学校的教学、科研。     

Cooperation Within the Entity of the Firm:

A bstract . When the presence of unexploited/ree riding opportunities within organizations is considered a sign of cooperation among employees, a repeated prisoner's dilemma game may be used as an explanation. In this paper, arguments against sole reliance on the repeated prisoner's dilemma game for explaining cooperation within the firm are set forth. Some overlooked reasons for explaining cooperation are offered.     

蚌埠地名的命名方式

地名是一笔丰富的文化遗产,它记录了自然和社会历史,是历史的百科全书,它对语言、历史、地理、民俗学等的研究都有着很大的价值。它是共同约定的语言符号,是一种独特的历史文献,是社会历史文化信息的承载体,人们选择了某些地名,也意味着同时选择了它所代表的某种意识和观念。     

Opting-Out: the Constitutional Economics of Exit

The central aspect, which makes markets operate differently than governments, is the ability of market actors to "exit" from future interactions. This point is applied to constitutional analysis, with an emphasis on the constitutional possibility of individuals or groups in a society "exiting," wholly or partly, from the political community or from specific institutions within such. Hobbesian and Lockean states-of-nature are sketched using a common framework of some simple games, and the Lockean solution to the danger of tyranny is formalized. This solution is compared to the typical interaction in a market economy, where the possibility of "exit" from future interactions with disagreeable parties introduces severe restrictions on the possible exploitation. This analysis is extended to the political sphere, and it is argued in general terms that a constitutional set-up utilizing a semi-Lockean right to "exit" (e.g., federal structures with rights of secession, voucher systems, etc.) could be an efficient guarantee against sub-optimal solutions and function so as to reduce redistributive conflicts and make welfare-increasing transactions possible.     

激活陪审选择权的进路:规制与救济——以申请陪审为视角

陪审制度由指定陪审和申请陪审两部分构成,与指定陪审相比,申请陪审更能发挥陪审制度的功能和作用。司法实践中,指定陪审占到了适用陪审的绝大多数案件,申请陪审却基本处于空白状态,主要原因还是制度上的粗疏与司法实践的怠慢。陪审选择权的逻辑结构应当包含三层内容,即选择诉讼程序的权利、是否申请陪审的权利、选择陪审员的权利。     

Measuring the quality of work: the case of the Italian social cooperatives

Quality of work has within a short time become a major subject of study and discussion in labour economy. Its quantification is a challenging task because it implies the translation of various subjective perceptions into a single objective measure (composite indicator). In this paper, the method used to construct measures is the Rating Scale Model and the available data come from the Survey on Italian Social Cooperatives carried out in 2007. The validity of the obtained Rasch measures is tested with respect to some overall variables of the quality of work. Moreover, using inferential confidence intervals, these measures are utilized to evaluate the differences in the perception of the quality of work due to worker (gender, age and education) and cooperative (type, dimension and geographic area) characteristics, work characteristics (service area, membership, time and type of contract) and work incentives (economic, professional and learning).     

Poland: the reform of the pension system

The paper presents the system of social security provision introduced in Poland after World War II and discusses the demographic, political and economic reasons for its failure, as well as its impact on the Polish economy. The proposed reform scenarios from two major political proponents, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Labour and Social Policy, are described. The recently finalised reform proposal is now being introduced, starting with the Polish Parliament (Sejm) passing a package of three acts concerning the split of the current pay-as-you-go single system into a pillar system, with provisions made for a transition period. The paper outlines the proposed changes, including the new role of the Social Security Institution (ZUS) in Poland, the structure of the first pillar of benefits and the opportunities for private companies to participate in the social security provision through the second and third pillars.     

The polyphonic spree: the case of the Liverpool Dockers

This paper is concerned with the possibilities opened up for Trade Unions by the internet age. The paper analyses forms of resistance, their preconditions and organisational backgrounds. It is argued that polyphonic organisation and, closely linked, new organisational forms, provide a strong basis for power relations and strategies of resistance. The paper starts with a brief introduction to the dispute between the Dockers of Liverpool and the Mersey Docks and Harbour Company. Contextualising the evolving issue in the broader picture of trade union crisis and renewal, the case study is theorised using linguistically informed approaches to management and organisation theory. Introducing these theoretical developments, the potential of new organisational forms for power relations and resistance are elaborated.     

建设和谐企业是构建和谐社会的基础

企业是社会的有机组成部分,是物质资料生产和现代生产力发展的载体,也是社会物质文明、精神文明和政治文明建设的基础。本文作者结合自己多年参与党建工作及企业文化建设实施的经验,就建设和谐企业构建和谐社会的关系谈一些个人的思考。     

Meeting supply: the role of the Environment Agency

The Environment Agency plays a vital role in authorising how much water resource can be made available for supply and in the way it is managed and developed. The Agency's focus is on the protection and improvement of the environment and as such it strives to ensure the best use of the limited resource available. This requires not only that existing water resources are used effectively and efficiently but also that future plans do not place an unnecessary burden on the environment.     

呼叫中心--提升物流业的竞争力

世界物流业进入快速增长期,我国物流业尚处于发展阶段,如何提升物流业竞争力成为国内物流业面临的问题。本文提出将呼叫中心引入国内物流业的应用中。呼叫中心作为行业发展的桥梁,能实现企业信息流和客户资源的整合,提升物流业竞争力。     

Income: the real and the incomparable

The main propositions of this paper are: inter-temporal and interspatial comparisons lose meaning when the arrays of goods and services being priced are too dissimilar; the composition and pricing of GDP are a function of income distribution; income tends to circulate among persons of broadly similar wealth and culture; a significant part of what is recorded as final household expenditure is intermediate in nature; public expenditure is intrinsically intermediate, and poses a variety of conceptual difficulties. Growth is associated with changes which undermine the validity of its measurement.     

民以食为天——简介俄罗斯人的饮食

饮食是人类赖以生存的基础,然而,"吃什么"、"怎么吃"的问题,突出地反映着民族的特色,其色彩之丰富、风格之各异以及吃的方式真可谓是千奇百怪,无奇不有。饮食习惯是反映民族文化传统和民族心理的集中体现。它取决于一个民族的历史、生存环境、资源内涵、工艺特色以及民族的好恶意识。总之,它是民族聪明才智的集大成者。     

郭台铭走出紫禁城

在媒体报数般地数到所谓“12跳”（5月26日深夜11时20分）之后，28日，《中国企业家》记者在深圳五洲宾馆见到了陪同中央联合调查组的郭台铭。他已极度憔悴，行动迟缓，满脸谦卑，间或无奈。寻不到昔日的一丝霸气。面对记者，他念叨着对员工的“关爱”，一连四遍。     

Work disengagement: A review of the literature

Engagement with work has been one of the most influential management ideas of recent decades. A prevalent assumption is that engagement is inherently beneficial and disengagement is a problem to be addressed. Yet theory and research on disengagement show it may not have the assumed negative impact on organizations, and at times may be beneficial for employees. This research seeks to unpack the underlying assumptions of work disengagement through collating and reviewing studies of the phenomenon. The paper makes three contributions. First, it provides a clear argument for why disengagement is a concept worth studying in its own right, as a functional coping response. Second, it offers a typology of the antecedents that applies to current theoretical frameworks. Third, it suggests differentiating between engaged, not engaged, and disengaged to address various levels of dedication to work domains and provide a basis for more evidence-based HR interventions.     

半生命周期--持续改进的标尺

半生命周期模型揭示了企业在持续改进过程中各种“缺陷”水平改进程度与时间的关系。本文对持续改进半生命周期规律的发现、模型建立与检验及其复杂性矩阵进行了系统的介绍，分析比较了半生命周期模型与学习曲线模型的区别与联系，并就其进一步研究的方向进行了思考。     

Service: the next frontier

There is a revolution taking place in the U.S. economy, a service revolution. Today, over 70 percent of the gross national product and 75 percent of all jobs can be attributed to the service sector. This monumental change is affecting not only service firms but also manufacturers. It is estimated that anywhere from 30 to 70 percent of the value added by a typical manufacturer is due to the service component. This article discusses the increased importance of services in our economy and on our shop floors. If manufacturers are to prosper in the coming decade, they will need to embrace this change and put services and service operations at the forefront of their strategic plans.