城市生态交通系统综合评价方法框架浅析

指出生态交通是生态城市发展的理想模式,也是城市交通发展的趋势.在全面分析交通系统结构和作用机制的基础上,提出了基于DPSIR模型的城市生态交通系统综合评价体系的框架.在此框架中,初步选取了具体指标,建立了综合评价的指标集,并提出了生态化综合指数的计算方法,以此测度城市交通生态化水平.     

A new approach to the evaluation of process innovations

A technological change should be evaluated as early as possible in its development in order to minimize the chance of investing in an innovation that does not subsequently prove to be economically feasible. In this paper a method is presented for conducting an evaluation while the innovation is still in a conceptual stage of development. To do this, the production process is analyzed in detail and each individual element of the process that might be altered by the innovation is noted. All other elements of the process are ignored. Baseline data on the current performance of the process are collected. Performance of the innovation is estimated as a multiple or fraction of the baseline data for the altered elements. A value-weighted productivity index is used to compare the innovation with the current process.Sensitivity analysis can be performed on the productivity index to find those components of the current production process that are most responsive to change. Used in this way, this method of analysis can become a “driver” for R & D by exposing the parts of the current process that have the greatest potential for contribution to improvement of the productivity index.This method is illustrated in some detail for the case of one conceptual process improvement, laser-assisted machining — for cutting hard-to-machine metals.     

A heterogeneous coefficient approach to the knowledge production function

Past literature has used conventional spatial autoregressive panel data models to relate patent production output to knowledge production inputs. However, research conducted on regional innovation systems points to regional disparities in both regions’ ability to turn their knowledge inputs into innovation and to access external knowledge. Applying a heterogeneous coefficients spatial autoregressive panel model, we estimate region-specific knowledge production functions (KPFs) for 94 NUTS-3 regions in France using a panel covering 21 years from 1988 to 2008 and four high-technology industries. A great deal of regional heterogeneity in the KPF relationship exists across regions, providing new insights regarding spatial spillin and spillout effects between regions.     

A social-justice approach to organizational evaluation.

Contemporary conceptualizations of organizational effectiveness are selectively reviewed. Dominant goal-based models are found deficient in providing evaluative criteria that apply to the organization as a whole, that permit comparison across organizations, and that point to an appropriate direction for organizational change. It is argued that Barnardian participant-satisfaction model, augmented by a principle of social justice, provides a more useful framework for assessing organizational value.     

Effects of urban transportation system change on land prices in the setting of owner-occupied residence

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of transportation improvement on the land development process and land price structure in an owner-occupied residence setting. A dynamic model of household and landowner in which the role of land as an asset is explicitly considered is presented, and the process of land development and land price change after the announcement of transportation improvement is investigated. During the period between the announcement and the completion of urban transportation improvement, it is observed that the price of the land that is presently used for agriculture but will be developed in the future is higher than the agricultural land price.     

A unified approach to nonlinearity,structural change,and outliers

This paper demonstrates that the class of conditionally linear and Gaussian state-space models offers a general and convenient framework for simultaneously handling nonlinearity, structural change and outliers in time series. Many popular nonlinear time series models, including threshold, smooth transition and Markov-switching models, can be written in state-space form. It is then straightforward to add components that capture parameter instability and intervention effects. We advocate a Bayesian approach to estimation and inference, using an efficient implementation of Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling schemes for such linear dynamic mixture models. The general modelling framework and the Bayesian methodology are illustrated by means of several examples. An application to quarterly industrial production growth rates for the G7 countries demonstrates the empirical usefulness of the approach.     

A robust approach to estimating production functions: Replication of the ACF procedure

We study Ackerberg, Caves, and Frazer's (Econometrica, 2015, 83, 2411–2451; hereafter ACF) production function estimation method using Monte Carlo simulations. First, we replicate their results by following their procedure to confirm the existence of a spurious minimum in the estimation, as noted by ACF. In the population, or when sample sizes are sufficiently large, this “global” identification problem may not be a concern because the spurious minimum occurs only at extreme values of capital and labor coefficients. However, in finite samples, their estimator can produce estimates that may not be clearly distinguishable from the spurious ones. In our second experiment, we modify the ACF procedure and show that robust estimates can be obtained using additional lagged instruments or sequential search. We also provide some arguments for why such modifications help in the ACF setting.     

A system maintenance approach to analyzing the Italian judicial system reform proposal of 2010

In this paper, we analyze the Italian reform of the judicial system proposed in 2010 by using multi-state models. The transitions between states are assumed to be generated by a semi-Markov process. The introduction of the reform is considered as a general system maintenance policy. The effects of the reform are evaluated by computing the system’s transition probabilities, failure rates and odds ratios of failure rates. The introduction of a reward structure measures the impact of the reform from the point of view of costs. An example showing the possibility of implementing a real data application is presented.     

城市分户供暖系统刍议

作者指出 ,城市分户供暖系统实现了单户循环和分户控制 ,有利于转变 5 0多年来的采暖包烧制 ,可杜绝“搭车”采暖。文中以沈阳实践为例指出了一些存在的问题 ,并提出了具有可操作性的若干建议。     

A discussion on the factor of technological change in production function

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the factor of Technological Change (innovation) in terms of CROPPES (Constant Ratio of Pairwise Partial Elasticities of Substitution) Production function, and classical price theory model.

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Riassunto Scopo del presente lavoro è quello di discutere il fattore di innovazione tecnological nell'ambito delle funzioni di produzione del tipo C.R.O.P.P.E.S. e del modello classico della teoria dei prezzi.

     

井下运输调度控制系统的研究

文章结合工程实例,提出了一种井下铁路运输调度指挥系统,为提高运营效率和列车运行安全起到积极作用。     

How to improve a technology evaluation model: A data-driven approach

Academic research suggests a number of technology evaluation models. To ensure effective use, models need to be improved in accordance with changing internal and external environments. However, a majority of previous studies focus on model development, while a few emphasize their implementation or improvement. To fill this research gap, this study suggests a systematic approach to examining the validity of technology evaluation models and improving them. We consider three propositions as criteria for improvement: 1) the coherence of the evaluation results with the evaluation purpose, 2) the appropriateness of the evaluation methods, and 3) the concreteness of the evaluation model. Rather than using expert opinions, this study takes a data-driven approach, wherein we analyze actual evaluation results and determine whether the model produces the intended results. A case study of 291 technology evaluation results, all made by the South Korean government in support of technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises, is conducted to verify the suggested approach's applicability. This is one of the few studies to address issues regarding improvements to a technology evaluation model. Its approach can help to develop and continuously improve a valid technology evaluation model, thus leading to more effective practice.     

可能速度在交通安全评价中的应用

借助可能速度这一能够直观反映道路线形状况的指标,建立基于可能速度突变量的路段交通事故预测模型,预测得到的事故率可以作为安全系数,依照文中初定的评价标准,可评价突变处对应桩号位置的交通安全状况。