铁路危险货物罐车运输三级监控系统研究

针对铁路危险货物运输需求不断增加,而办理业务的信息技术手段相对落后,危险货物罐车运输存在安全隐患,提出建立铁路危险货物罐车运输三级监控系统。以铁路危险货物罐车运输车载动态监控关键技术为基础,以新技术集成与综合应用为核心,确定系统构建的目标和原则、系统功能模块和基础数据,并对系统的核心技术进行研究和设计,实现对铁路危险货物罐车运输的全过程监控。     

基于故障树的危险货物罐车道路运输事故成因分析

<正>为分析危险货物罐车道路运输事故的成因，从驾驶员、罐车、道路、环境等方面统计事故特征，构建危险货物罐车道路运输事故故障树模型。计算模型最小割集可知共有209条路径会导致事故发生，证明事故极易发生；计算最小径集可知有5种方案可以有效预防事故；通过计算结构重要度，明确驾驶员不安全行为对顶上事件发生的影响最大，其次是罐车不安全状态。最后给出危险货物罐车道路运输事故预防措施。1.引言危险货物具有易燃易爆、毒性、放射性等危险性，一旦发生运输事故，造成人员伤亡、财产损失比普通交通运输事故更大。针对危险货物罐车道路运输事故进行分析，     

基于适应度评价的罐车办理站的优化配置研究

从铁路危险货物罐车运输实际出发,合理选取评价方法,利用模糊数学理论,建立罐车办理站适应度评价模型。在分析危险货物办理站适应度的影响因素的基础上,构建了适应度综合评价指标体系,确定了罐车办理站适应度评价权重系数。以北京铁路枢纽几个典型的危险货物办理站为应用实例,通过适应度评判,最终得到综合评判分值,分值越大,方案越重要。研究表明,罐车办理站适应度评价对全路罐车办理站运力资源优化配置具有一定的指导意义。     

运用蒸气云爆炸模型分析铁路汽油罐车运输的危险性

在分析铁路汽油罐车运输危险特性的基础上,运用蒸气云爆炸伤害模型计算爆源的TNT当量和油库铁路专用线上一辆汽油罐车发生爆炸时的死亡半径,并进行爆炸事故后果分析.根据重大危险源的危险性分级,应比照四级重大危险源对铁路汽油罐车运输进行管理,提出加强风险源头控制、严格控制点火源、加强安全管理和重视应急救援等安全建议.     

铁路液化石油气罐车爆炸事故后果伤害模型的探讨

运用事故后果伤害模型分析方法,根据液化石油气危险特性,计算铁路液化石油气罐车爆炸的死亡半径、重伤半径、轻伤半径和财产损失半径,对铁路液化石油气运输装车单位、罐车设备、押运间、应急预案等方面提出有关安全措施建议,为企业安全管理人员提供参考。     

警队动态

<正>钦州:为运输企业"治病"广西钦州交警二大队深入危化品运输企业,"诊断"病根"对症下药"。民警实地了解企业管理流程和制度,重点排查液体危险货物罐车未按规定加装紧急切断装置、动态监控制度不落实以及企业和车辆无相应许可、驾驶人和押运员不具备从业资格等突出安全隐患。对不按规定组织驾驶人开展安全教育及存在交通安全隐患的企业,要求立即整改。(文/潘钰琴)     

关于在用液体危险货物罐车加装紧急切断装置有关事项的通知

各省、自治区、直辖市及新疆生产建设兵团安全生产监督管理局、工业和信息化主管部门、公安厅（局）、交通运输厅（局、委）、质量技术监督局：为深刻吸取晋济高速公路山西晋城段岩后隧道“3·1”特别重大道路交通危化品燃爆事故的教训，贯彻落实《国务院安委会办公室关于加强危险化学品道路运输和公路隧道安全工作的紧急通知》（安委办明电[2014]4号）的要求，切实做好液体危险货物罐车紧急切断装置加装工作，有效减少液体危险货物罐车安全隐患，现就有关事项通知如下：一、液体危险货物罐车生产企业、改装企业和使用单位要认真做好紧急切断装置加装工作（一）根据《道路运输液体危险货物罐式车辆第1部分：金属常压罐体技术要求》（GB18564．1－2006），2006年11月1日以后出厂的液体危险货物罐车应当安装紧急切断装置，否则是不合格产品。液体危险货物罐车生产企业、改装企业要制定详细的加装工作方案，采取发布公告或者逐车落实的方式，合理安排加装时间，按期分批通知罐车使用单位回厂免费安装紧急切断装置，并承担由此支出的合理开支。罐车使用单位要配合罐车生产企业和改装企业做好紧急切断装置加装工作。     

道路运输液体危险货物罐式车辆金属常压罐体定期检验中存在的问题及探讨

用于道路运输液体危险货物罐式车辆的安全性能,愈来愈受到民生关注及相关安全部门的高度重视。本文本着安全第一,预防为主的方针,从实际危化品罐车检验发现的问题出发,就危化品罐车的设计、制造、检验及运营监管方面分析其原因及对策,提出预防措施及探讨。     

深化货物运输组织改革 大力开发适应市场需求的新产品

结合铁路跨越式发展思路,提出深化运输组织改革,大力开发货运新产品,组织开行好始发直达货物列车、地区间直达货物列车和技术站间远程、超远程技术直达列车,最大限度挖掘运输潜力,优化车流结构调整,推进铁路货运组织跨越式发展。     

液体危险货物罐车引发事故当休矣

<正>抓好运输设备安全管理是保障危险货物运输安全的重要基础,尤其是液体危险货物罐车发生事故概率及造成事故损失比其他类型危险货物运输车辆要高很多,因此液体危险货物罐车应当也必须成为道路交通安全监管的重中之重。2014年7月7日,国家安全监管总局、工业和信息化部、公安部、交通运输部、国家质检总局联合印发了《关于在用液体危险货物罐车加装紧急切断装置有关事项的通知》(简称《通知》),对于提升液体危险货物罐车安全技术水平、降低液体危险货物罐车安全隐患,     

The transport geography of logistics and freight distribution

Goods movement and freight distribution are widely underrepresented in regional science and geographical research. This is surprising since a large body of traditional spatial theory has been developed with respect to transportation costs or to trade areas: those aspects that were originally closely connected with the exchange of goods. Growing attention is being paid in geography to related subjects, such as the emergence of global production networks, to structural changes in retail or to the commodification of modern consumption. To a certain extent, these processes depend upon the efficient transfer of information, finance and physical goods. Yet, with a few exceptions, the freight sector appears to be neglected in contemporary research. This paper provides an overview of the emerging transport geography of logistics and freight distribution. It challenges the traditional perspective where transportation is considered as a derived demand with the idea that logistical requirements underline transportation as a component of an integrated demand. The paper provides an analysis of the evolution of logistics as it pertains to the core dimensions of transport geography (flows, nodes/locations and networks). The concept of logistical friction is also introduced to illustrate the inclusion of the multidimensional notion of impedance in integrated freight transport demand.     

A multi-level spatial-temporal model for freight movement: The case of manufactured goods flows on the U.S. highway networks

The spatial production, attraction, and movement of manufactured goods are vital to the economy of a region and country. The U.S. department of transportation also mandates to incorporate continuing and efficient freight movement and infrastructure into statewide and local long range planning. Studies on supply, demand, and transport of manufactured goods by firm, industry, mode, or commodity are vast in the logistics and supply chain literature. However, relatively sparse research is available on aggregated movement or freight on national, state, or local transportation networks. Better understanding and modeling freight movement on highway networks to facilitate local transportation, land use, economic development, and comprehensive planning is at the heart of freight research. Therefore, the major endeavors and novel contributions of this research include a conceptual framework proposed for freight movement research, a multi-level spatial-temporal freight model based upon the social optimum assignment for optimal “from”, “to”, “within”, and “through” freight flows of manufactured goods on the U.S. highway networks, and a set of performance measures designed to reveal states in terms of their competitive advantages in production, attraction, self-sufficiency, or cross-road. The freight flows were first visualized and highlighted by state at the U.S. level, then by county at the state level for Oklahoma, and finally by traffic analysis zone for the Tulsa metropolitan area. The spatial split of freight flows was accomplished through using freight, network, and demographic-economic databases at state, county, and zone scales.     

Intermodal containerized shipping in foreign trade and regional accessibility advantages

Intermodalism has become one of the most significant transformations of freight transportation in the United States over the past two decades. The coupling of shipping modes has enabled shippers to more fully realize the respective time and costs advantages of respective modes. The opportunity to take advantage of intermodalism when shipping manufactured goods overseas may provide an essential competitive edge to a company or to an entire region engaged in world commerce. The change in the freight accessibility map of the United States to foreign markets that can be ascribed to intermodal infrastructures and operations has so far not been studied. With the help of a geographic information system, this paper analyzes this transformation in the United States by mapping integral place accessibility measures of five-digit zip code areas with respect to gateways for export of manufactured goods, especially containerized freight. The performance of the intermodal freight network is evaluated by comparing accessibility measures based on the highway network and on the intermodal network, respectively, for all North American container ports, as well as for subgroups of container ports on the Eastern Seaboard, the Western Seaboard, and the Gulf Coast of North America. The paper discusses regional winners and losers in the new national freight transportation system.     

对铁路物流企业抑尘服务定价模式的思考

铁路是国民经济的大动脉,铁路运输是现代化运输业的主要运输方式之一,相比于其他运输方式具有连续性、运量大、成本低等特点。在铁路运输主营业务下,有一定数量的非运输经营企业依托于铁路线投资建设了许多货场,并在货场上开展物流延伸各项服务。合理确定收费价格是提高企业经营效益的关键,就某铁路物流企业煤炭抑尘服务如何定价展开讨论。     

铁路货运组织改革相关法律问题探讨

铁路货运组织改革涉及诸多相关法律问题。从铁路货运组织改革所涉及的铁路运输企业与货主企业外部法律关系变化的角度,探讨了铁路承运人经营资格、铁路运输行为的法律规制、铁路货运合同的内涵变化以及铁路货物损害赔偿等法律问题,有助于进一步完善铁路货运法律制度。     

危险货物办理站安全防护模型研究

针对目前危险货物运输面临的问题,分析了危险货物运输作业的特性,运用人类工效学和系统工程学的知识,提出建立安全防护模型的4-E对策管理对策;设备技术对策;应急预案对策和教育培训对策,以使危险货物运输得到安全有效的保障。     

Moving freight on public transit: Best practices,challenges, and opportunities

Freight on Transit (FOT) refers to an operational strategy where public transit vehicles and/or infrastructure are used to move freight. Examples include moving goods alongside passengers on buses, attaching cargo trailers to transit vehicles, and operating freight vehicles between trains on subway lines. This paper describes the methods and results of a three-round Delphi study engaging 34 transportation experts to explore challenges and opportunities of FOT and to conceptualize and evaluate potential FOT operations in Toronto. Traditional Delphi methods were used for the exploration of FOT challenges and opportunities, and a modified approach was formulated to integrate experts' opinions and develop new FOT concepts for Toronto. The results support previous claims that technical challenges of FOT may be easier to overcome than institutional barriers. Evaluation of potential FOT operating strategies in Toronto suggests that while the current public transit network does not have capacity to support additional movements, there may be realistic opportunities to include freight service in future projects as a means of offsetting operating costs and reducing the impacts of goods movements.     

Who is the main influencer on safety performance of dangerous goods air transportation in China?

The safety of dangerous goods transport by air is crucial to human and environment protection. This paper aims to identify the critical influence on dangerous goods’ safety performance in air transportation. Twenty risk factors are summarized and categorized by regulations and standards, government supervisor activities, operator activities and shipper activities. Several hypotheses are examined via structural equation modeling using a sample of online surveys in China. Results show that the operator and the government are the main influencers of safety performance in the air transport of dangerous goods. The total process safety is emphasized. The findings facilitate the prevention of accidents and unsafe incidents when transporting dangerous goods via air.     

Searching for policy priorities in the formulation of a freight transport strategy: a canonical correlation analysis of freight industry attitudes

An efficient and effective freight transport strategy can be aided by early professional contributions from key stakeholders. One broad group who have historically been given limited opportunity to influence the drafting of a freight strategy, are commercial road users and shippers who manufacture and distribute goods. Utilising a data set collected in Australia in 1996 from a sample of organisations involved directly and indirectly in road freight transportation, views were sought on road infrastructure changes, new road infrastructure, non-road infrastructure needs and transport policies. An optimal scaling approach using non-linear canonical correlation is implemented to search for structural relationships between the underlying policy and infrastructure dimensions and the various industry categories. This framework provides a powerful mechanism for identifying differences among stakeholders in terms of their support for or opposition to specific policies. Results reveal the considerable differences in attitudes associated with the component parts of the freight industry.     

Freight transportation demand elasticities: a geographic multimodal transportation network analysis

This paper presents direct and cross-elasticity estimates of the demands for three freight transportation modes: rail, road and inland waterways. They are computed for 10 different categories of goods with a detailed multimodal network model of Belgian freight transports. The model, which minimises the generalised cost of transportation tasks defined by O-D matrices, assigns traffic flows to the different modes, transport means and routes. Successive simulations with different relative costs permit the computation of specific arc-elasticities. In contrast with the usual methodologies, the present methodology is not based on a statistical analysis of disaggregate data on actual modal choices and transport tariffs. This is a particularly useful feature since such data are mostly not available for freight transports in Europe. Furthermore, it fully takes into account the detailed characteristics of the network, all available routes and combinations of modes, as well as the specific localisation of activities within the network. Its estimates are compared with previously published estimates, and, in particular, with Abdelwahab's results published (1998) in this journal.