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铁路既有线运用27t轴重货车是充分利用既有线资源、盘活存量资产的重要举措,将有效提升铁路既有线运输能力和效益。从货车全寿命周期的角度,计算车辆在寿命期25年内因车辆自身载重由70t向80t提升而带来的收入变动和与之相匹配的成本变动,对比分析既有线运用27t轴重货车的投入产出效益,并按照不考虑资金时间价值和考虑资金时间价值两种方式作出静态和动态的效益分析评价。 相似文献
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试论全寿命周期成本理论在公路行业的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文从全寿命周期成本的视角,将公路项目划分为规划设计阶段、建设施工阶段、养护管理阶段、改建扩建阶段,研讨了全寿命周期成本理论在各阶段的应用,对公路管理单位成本管理的各阶段管理对象、管理内容、管理方法进行了详细的分析和阐述,指出各阶段成本管理的重点,明确了成本管理的工作思路。 相似文献
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邓文中 《中国公路.建设市场专刊》2016,(5):101-103
人类文明的历史不长,大概不到10万年,和地球的年龄相比,这是很短的一瞬间。但在这很短的时间里,人类对大自然造成了巨大的破坏,这使我们不得不去考虑可持续性的问题。工程师在人类发展史中,为人类提供了良好的生活环境:桥梁、道路,以及其他建筑,但同时也无意中参与了破坏大自然环境的行动。社会还会无可避免地继续这种要求,工程师们最重要的任务就是尽量减小对自然环境的破坏,提高工程耐久性,从而延长桥梁、道路的使用寿命。 相似文献
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农村公路受到资金的限制,在建设的过程中不得不考虑如何用最小的投入产出最大的经济效益。基于全寿命周期理论,分析了农村公路全寿命周期成本的构成,提出了寿命期内各成本的量化计算方法 ;考虑资金的时间价值进行动态分析,构建了基于全寿命周期成本现值的路面经济性优化决策模型,针对折现率和交通量进行了敏感性分析;最后以陕西省农村公路为例,选取三种典型路面对其路面成本经济性进行了对比分析,得出水泥混凝土路面为路面经济性最优方案。 相似文献
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目前,朔黄铁路通信设备设施管理存在缺乏统一编码、台账数据不完整不规范等问题,为提升朔黄铁路通信设备设施的智能化管理水平,根据朔黄铁路基础设施智能运维系统统一规划,设计并研发通信设备全寿命周期管理模块。首先,提出通信设备设施全寿命周期管理流程,明确全寿命周期管理模块与检测监测一体化管理、状态评估与运维决策、安全生产管理、环境监测各模块之间的关系和数据流向;其次,参考国铁集团铁路通信设备设施单元划分和编码规范,结合朔黄铁路实际需求,制定设备编码规则,设计通信设备数据结构并将既有的电子设备台账数据进行清洗、赋码、分类、存储,实现设备基础台账数字化,最后从空间和时间维度展示设备设施信息的分布和履历信息,以便相关管理和运维人员全面掌握设备全寿命周期状态。 相似文献
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安全生产是施工企业一切工作的生命线.如何保证施工人员的人身安全以及施工工地建筑材料、设备等财产的安全,是施工企业关心的头等大事.在桥梁施工中,由于施工场地环境、人员较为复杂,施工人员受教育程度参差不齐,虽在人员进场时已进行过岗前教育、三级安全教育等一系列的安全教育培训,但在实际操作中违章作业的现象还是时有发生,而管理人员又不可能做到时时刻刻监督,这样就存在着许多不能及时发现的安全隐患,一旦放松警惕就会引发事故,造成人员和财产的损失.另外,由于桥梁施工线路长,施工点多,设备、物资较分散,因此一些不法分子把目光投向了施工现场,伺机进行盗窃. 相似文献
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Given the mixed findings of extant research on the impact of low-cost carriers (hereafter LCC) on aviation markets (with some studies showing stimulation of new demand, other studies showing LCCs encroaching on the turf of full-service carriers), the emergence of LCCs in Korea raised an interesting question as to whether or not they actually contribute to overall growth in domestic air traffic. The literature has paid limited attention to this issue so far. Employing a multivariate regression analysis with monthly data from 2000 to 2009, the impact of LCCs on tourism demand to a popular destination in Korea, Jeju Island, is examined, focusing on two specific questions: Have LCCs generated new tourism demand and brought more tourism revenue into the island’s economy? Have LCCs mitigated tourism seasonality on the island? Controlling for the effects of a number of factors, results showed that LCCs have generated new demand in addition to existing tourist flows to the island. Korean LCCs accounted for 35% of total passengers in 2009, which indicates an average growth rate of 161.7% over the last 4 years, compared to a −0.3% growth rate for all full-service carriers in Korea. However, LCCs seem to have had little impact on reducing seasonal fluctuations in passenger traffic to Jeju Island. The findings of this study will be of interest to researchers, policy makers, and a variety of stakeholders in the tourism industry interested in the relationship between no-frills airlines and island economies. 相似文献
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This study used an extended version of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to predict the travel intention of car drivers in Libya with regard to using the new low-cost carriers (LCC). In order to understand the willingness of travellers to accept the LCC in Libya and its antecedents, this study has added three constructs to the original TPB model, namely novelty seeking, trust, and external influences. The respondents in this study are 338 car drivers in Libya. The results of this study indicate that attitude towards LCC, perceived behavioural control, and subjective norm all have positive effects on the behavioural intention of taking LCC. Furthermore, novelty seeking and trust have indirect positive effects on behavioural intention. Trust, on the other hand, has an indirect positive influence on the three antecedents of intention in accepting LCC in Libya. Results also revealed that external influence (i.e. advertising campaigns by the media) has a significant indirect influence on car users’ intention to accept the new LCC via subjective norm and perceived behavioural control, and indirect influence on the behaviour intention of car users via novelty seeking with regard to attitude towards LCC and trust to perceived behavioural control. 相似文献
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为了使铁路危险货物罐车运输过程更加安全可靠、更加高效,需要对危险货物罐车运输过程中的各个环节进行有效的监督管理,以便在运输过程中随时掌握危险货物运输动态,一旦发生事故能够及时处置,最大限度地减少损失。基于物联网技术,通过研究运用信息控制与监测技术,实现危险货物铁路罐车运输的远程动态监控所涉及的关键要素、相关信息采集、功能结构分析和远程监控平台构建,从基本原理、核心技术、系统总体设计、监控平台设计等方面综合考虑,从而对罐车内部的压力、温度、液面高度、介质密度及在途运行位置等方面进行动态实时监控。 相似文献
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运用作业成本法,结合BP神经网络理论建立铁路货运成本预测模型。通过案例分析,得出BP神经网络可以更准确的预测铁路货运成本费用的结论。 相似文献
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税收筹划是铁路企业减轻税负、提高效益的有效措施,但在关注税收筹划利益的同时,也不能忽视其所需支付的成本和存在的风险。分析铁路企业税收筹划存在的各种成本和风险,提出从加强成本效益分析、树立风险意识、坚持依法筹划和确保筹划目标准确合理等方面加强对成本和风险的管理与控制。 相似文献
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Delay propagation is the flight departure delay caused by the arrival delay of pre-segment flight. Chinese airline market has suffered very poor on-time performance (OTP) in recent years. It is, however, unclear whether delay propagation prevails as one major source for such problem. This study first aims to empirically quantify delay propagation in the Chinese airline market. Specifically, we shed light on heterogenous levels of delay propagations across different airports and airlines. Then, the distinct delay propagation patterns in China are also discussed and compared with other developed airline markets (e.g., the US and Europe). Our estimation is based on OTP data for over 12 million Chinese flights covering the 2015–2017 period. Specifically, it is found that 10 min arrival delay of pre-segment flight within 1 hr before the departure lead to an average of 7.49 mins delay propagation for subsequent departure flight. Arrival delay of earlier pre-segments (1–2 and 2–3 hr before the departure) leads to much less delay propagation, due to longer ground buffer. Chinese airlines arrange longer ground and flight buffer than that of the US airlines to prevent the delay propagation from accumulating along the subsequent flights in a day. Thus, unlike the US market, delay propagation is not the major reason for poor OTP in China. In addition, delay propagation is less prevailing at the Chinese hub airport. This is because China has relied on point-to-point network, which does not require sophisticated schedule coordination. And the local passengers at these Chinese hub airports have higher time value such that the Chinese airlines also try to improve OTP at these hub airports to better serve these lucrative but time-sensitive local passengers. Unlike the European LCCs, Spring Airlines, the largest low-cost carrier (LCC) in China, outperforms major full-service carriers (FSCs) in controlling delay propagation. This finding may also apply to other Northeast Asian LCCs sharing common operational characteristics as Spring Airlines. Last, we find that airlines purposely tolerate moderate departure delays of up to 15 min, which is the threshold that defines delays, no matter whether the pre-segment flight arrives late or on-time. The relevant policy and managerial implications are also discussed. 相似文献
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基于广义回归神经网络的铁路货运量预测 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对BP神经网络预测存在局部极小缺陷和收敛速度慢的问题,提出基于广义回归神经网络(GRNN)的预测模型。基于我国1999—2008年铁路货运量的历史统计数据,应用GRNN模型和混沌BP神经网络模型对铁路货运量进行预测。通过两种预测模型的计算结果比较说明,GRNN模型具有良好的收敛性和较高的精度,而且模型结构简单、计算速度快,具有良好的实用性。 相似文献
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为了全面提升铁路车站调车作业安全,阐述铁路车站调车作业安全管理现状,针对本务机车和自轮运转设备调车作业的安全卡控手段缺乏的问题,分析本务机和自轮运转设备调车作业中采用STP技术在车列定位、股道存留车位置获取、无线信息交互运用等方面的制约因素,探讨铁路车站调车作业安全监控关键技术,提出采用北斗卫星定位技术优化车列定位方式、采用雷达和视频技术实现存留车位置探测、采用LTE无线通信技术解决信息传输瓶颈的解决方案。该方案的运用将充分发掘既有STP系统的平台价值,为建立覆盖各类机车的调车安全防护体系提供理论依据。 相似文献
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铁路列车提速的社会效益分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
我国铁路现已实现4次大面积提速,旅客运输周转量和客运收入实现大幅度的增长。通过翔实的统计资料,综合多方面因素的影响,定量分析了铁路提速带来的内部和外部效益,2001年铁路提速使企业内部效益增加 11亿元,外部效益增加 262亿元,因此铁路应继续实施提速战略,提高铁路的市场竞争力。 相似文献