进入模式对组织能力与国际业务绩效关系的调节作用研究

现有文献大量检验了企业能力与国际业务绩效的关系,但很少有文献从组织能力的视角研究进入模式对两者关系的调节作用并提供经验性证据.文章以广东、江苏和浙江三省制造型出口企业为例,对能力和国际业务绩效两者之间的关系如何受到进入模式的调节作用进行了实证研究,结果证实了国际化企业应该选择与其能力相匹配的进入模式,以获得更好的绩效.文章认为单纯从能力要素或进入模式来理解绩效都是片面的,应该将两者结合起来解释国际业务绩效.同时,结果还发现三省样本企业的能力要素对国际业务绩效存在不同的影响,文章对此进行了分析并提出了管理建议.     

SME Networks and International Performance: Unveiling the Significance of Foreign Market Entry Mode

This study investigates the relevance of interorganizational networks for the international performance of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in relation to the foreign market entry mode (FMEM) selected. We distinguish two groups of internationalized SMEs: exporting firms and micromultinational enterprises (mMNEs). Drawing on insights from the network theory, our study accounts for the role of intermediate outcomes (innovative behavior and foreign market knowledge). Structural equation modeling is conducted in a sample of U.K.‐based internationalized SMEs. Our findings suggest that interorganizational networks have an indirect influence on international performance but differences are found among the two groups of internationalized SMEs.     

规模经验对海外子公司进入模式的影响:以中国为例

中国企业在海外投资时,规模经验是影响进入模式的重要因素。然而,已有文献相对忽视了对规模经验的研究。本文以2000-2010年841家中国海外子公司为研究对象,从公司层次和规模异同两个维度,分析了其他子公司及母公司的相似、相异规模经验对海外子公司进入模式的影响,并对比了相似规模经验和相异规模经验的影响力强弱,考查了母公司市场化程度的调节效应。研究发现来自其他子公司及母公司的相似、相异规模经验越多,中国海外子公司采取独资进入模式的可能性越大,且相似规模经验比相异规模经验的影响更大,母公司市场化程度对规模经验与海外子公司选择独资进入模式之间的关系产生负向调节效应。在此基础上,我们进一步将相异规模经验划分为小规模经验和大规模经验,结果表明,除了其他子公司的小规模经验外,其他结果基本保持一致。     

论入世对中国利用外资的多维影响

深入分析入世对中国利用外资的影响,对于确定科学合理的外资政策,推动中国经济发展意义重大。从世贸组织原则、《与贸易有关的投资措施协议》和有代表性的中美、中欧世贸双边协议看,入世对中国利用外资的影响既是宏观的,又是具体的,表现出立体多维的特征。     

Moderating Effects of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Market Orientation‐Performance Linkage: Evidence from Chinese Small Firms*

Literature revealed that an appropriate alignment between firm strategic orientation and market positioning is critical because of its impact on firm performance. The alignment is especially crucial for small businesses as a result of their limited resource base. However, studies have not adequately accounted for the joint effect of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and market orientation (MO) on firm performance in different institutional environments, such as transitional economies. In this study, we examine the moderating effect of EO on the linkage between MO and firm performance among small enterprises in China. We have found that MO, alone and in conjunction with certain EO dimensions, is positively related to firm performance. More specifically, innovativeness and proactiveness have positively moderated the relationship between MO and performance. We discuss managerial implications and offer suggestions for future research.     

供应商角色绩效与经销商感知公平：社会互动及合同的调节作用

文章探讨了由供应商—经销商构成的渠道关系中,供应商角色绩效对经销商感知公平（分配公平和程序公平）的影响及社会互动与合同对上述关系的调节作用,并进一步考察了经销商感知公平对其绩效的影响。实证研究结果显示：供应商角色绩效可以显著地提高经销商对分配公平的感知,但在提高经销商感知程序公平方面作用不显著;社会互动可以强化供应商角色绩效在提高经销商感知公平方面的作用;合同可以强化供应商角色绩效在提高经销商感知分配公平方面的作用,但无法强化供应商角色绩效对经销商感知程序公平的作用;经销商感知的分配公平可以显著地提高其绩效,但感知的程序公平对其绩效无显著影响。研究结论从渠道情境的角度解释了以往实证研究与理论观点不一致的原因,丰富了现有渠道公平的研究,也为供应商如何有效利用其角色绩效以提高经销商的感知公平提供指导意见。     

Networking Ability and the Financial Performance of New Ventures: Moderating Effects of Venture Size,Institutional Environment,and Their Interaction

Building on prior research, this study provides insights on the complex interaction between individual, organizational, and environmental factors in the field of new venture success. Specifically, we develop and test hypotheses on how venture size, institutional context, and their interaction moderate the effect of entrepreneurs' networking ability on the financial performance of new ventures. Based on a sample of 283 new ventures in Germany and Brazil—two countries that differ significantly in terms of their institutional frameworks—our analyses reveal moderating effects of venture size and the interaction between venture size and institutional environment.     

外资服务企业中国市场进入模式的实证研究

我国加入世贸组织以来,服务业已成为吸引外商直接投资的重要领域。本文选取2001年进入上海市的外资服务企业作为样本,采用描述性统计和列联相关分析的方法,对外资服务企业中国市场进入模式的特征进行了实证研究。研究表明,外资服务企业的进入模式选择具有更强烈的独资倾向,并对服务行业类型、经营期限、资本密集度以及文化距离因素对外资服务企业进入模式选择的影响进行了深入分析。     

外商直接投资的退出效应与绩效检验

文章摒弃了“从FDI进入研究东道国溢出效应”的传统思路,强调FDI退出对东道国的受益（贡献）情况。文章进一步利用2008-2013年间两位码分类的中国工业动态面板数据,估计了FDI退出对工业全要素生产率的效应。研究发现：FDI退出对中国工业绩效的影响呈现出显著的差异性,以追求研发创新和高端人才优势为战略动机的探索型FDI退出抑制了中国工业绩效的改善,而以国际分工和产业转移为投资目标的利用型FDI退出则有利于整体工业水平的提升,其对工业绩效改善的贡献呈递增之势。     

中小企业的国外市场进入模式与演进--以浙江省为例的若干分析

研究国外市场进入模式,目的是提供进入国外市场的积累性学识,以使中小企业更迅速国际化.本研究对影响国外市场进入的因素进行了分析,并从进入模式出发,探寻中小企业在进入国际市场的不同阶段所采取的主要进入模式及其更替,最后提出了启示和深入研究的方向.     

Adaptation and Performance in New Businesses: Understanding the Moderating Effects of Independence and Industry

New ventures as well as new business units experience significant difficulties in finding a viable business model. They often need to adapt their initial business model due to the presence of uncertainty and ambiguity. Technology-based companies are confronted with particularly high degrees of uncertainty and ambiguity. We hypothesize that adaptation is crucial for the performance (measured as survival) of these businesses, but that this effect is moderated by the (in)dependence of the new technology-based business and by the industry in which it is active. We test the adaptation-performance hypothesis through a survival analysis of a sample of 117 independent new ventures and business units. Our findings suggest that adaptation is beneficial in less mature, capital-intensive and high-velocity industries but not so in more mature, stable industries. Also, adaptation reduces failure rates in dependent business units as compared to independent ventures.     

Organizational Ambidexterity and Innovation Performance: The Moderating Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation

The influence of organizational ambidexterity on innovation and the growth of enterprises has gradually become an important research topic in the field of strategic management and organization theory. This paper builds up a theoretical framework of the relationship between organizational ambidexterity and innovation performance with regards to corporate entrepreneurship orientation. We select 175 companies from high and new technology industries in China’s three large cities, Beijing, Tianjin and Dalian, as samples to carry out an empirical test. We find that the balance and complement of organizational ambidexterity are positively correlated with the innovation performance of enterprises; a corporate entrepreneurial orientation has a significantly moderating effect on the relationship between the balance dimension of organizational ambidexterity and innovation performance, yet it has no significant positive moderating effect on the relationship between the combined dimension of organizational ambidexterity and innovation performance.     

The Effect of Corporate Social Performance on Financial Performance: The Moderating Effect of Ownership Concentration

The purpose of this study is to extend prior research on this topic by investigating whether the impact of ownership concentration moderates the link between corporate social performance (CSP) and financial performance (FP). This study uses a set of unique, hand-collected pollution control data to measure CSP, based on a sample of Taiwanese listed companies during the period from 1996 to 2006. The results of the empirical analysis provide firm support for the idea that the divergence between control rights and the cash flow rights of controlling owners negatively moderates the link between social and short- and long-run FP.     

The Role of Relationships in Determining Foreign Entry Modes

A number of theories explain the competitiveness of international firms. However, the role of the relationship between the supplier and potential customers is often neglected. Thus, a framework is developed that combines resource-oriented arguments with recent insights gained from transaction cost theory. The framework does not only serve to further our understanding of international competitiveness but also explains under which circumstances certain modes of foreign market entry promise success.     

Foreign Direct Investments and Domestic Employment of German SMEs: The Moderating Effect of Owner Management

Despite considerable research, the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and domestic employment is still inconclusive. The present paper contributes to extant research by providing differentiated findings on the FDI and domestic employment relationship. We examine how horizontal and vertical FDI impact domestic employment and how the effects are contingent on the ownership structure of the firm. Testing hypotheses on a dataset of 1,079 German small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) shows that horizontal FDI has a positive influence, whereas vertical FDI has a negative influence on domestic employment. Furthermore, domestic downsizing due to the establishment of foreign production subsidiaries is less severe in owner‐managed SMEs.     

进入模式、区域产业环境以及经营特性对中小企业跨区域经营绩效影响——基于浙商的实证研究

文章以238家总部设在浙江赴异地投资的中小企业为实证对象,通过多变量变异数分析、以及GLM回归分析等方法进行实证研究,探讨进入模式、区域产业环境以及经营特性对浙商在国内异地市场经营绩效的影响。研究结果显示：中小企业进入异地市场时,在综合绩效上以多数股权表现最好、独资次之、等额股权第三、少数股权最差;区域产业环境对异地经营绩效存在显著性影响。在具有供应链优势、成本优势或营销密集度优势的产业环境中,企业容易获得更佳的绩效表现,而在高研发密集度的区域,则呈现无差异表现;企业经营特性对其异地经营绩效存在显著性影响。具有良好控制能力和营销能力的企业容易获得更好的绩效。     

Identification Effects on Advertising Response: The Moderating Role of Involvement

This study examines two important variables for advertisers, ethnicity and product involvement. We investigate the effectiveness of Hispanic-targeted advertising by exploring the impact of ad model's ethnicity on attitudes toward high- and low-involvement products. The results of our quasi-experiment suggest that appealing to strong Hispanic identifiers may be highly desirable in terms of creating favorable attitudes when advertising low-involvement products. For high-involvement products, Hispanic-targeted advertising may not be as effective since ethnicity may not be an important cue. Theoretical implications regarding the impact of distinctiveness theory and practical implications for practitioners trying to spend advertising dollars more efficiently are discussed.     

心理距离对跨国公司进入模式的影响

基于65 670家外商直接投资企业数据,本文使用群组Logit模型,分析了心理距离对跨国公司进入中国市场模式选择的影响。研究发现语言差异和工业发展水平差异与跨国公司采取独资模式进入的机会比率呈显著负相关关系,宗教差异与跨国公司采取独资模式进入的机会比率呈显著正相关关系,而教育水平差异和民主差异对跨国公司进入模式选择的影响并不显著。