以人为本管理人力资源的实践体现

人是企业最重要的资源,企业经营的第一资本。以人为中心的人力资源开发与管理,着眼于人的需要去理解人、关心人、尊重人。注重培育企业价值观,塑造企业精神,力求以企业文化凝聚人、引导人。激发和调动员工的工作积极性、主动性和创造性,才能得到企业管理“成事在人"的奇效。     

Forecast Rationality in Small Firms*

A large sample of small firms was longitudinally surveyed to investigate the rationality of revenue forecasts made within such firms. The analysis helps to address the dearth of research investigating owner/managers' forecasts of growth in firms and their degree of accuracy. Contrary to conventional expectations, the results do not support the contention that forecasts made by the managers of small firms are optimistic. Although systematic overestimation was not found, managers did tend to make forecasts that were generally too extreme, and tended to overextrapolate previous growth. These results are consistent with propositions that overconfidence biases and representative heuristics influence the revenue forecasts made in small firms.     

中小高科技企业人力资源管理

实践证明,掌握高科技的人是实现经济增长方式转变的动力。中小高科技企业由于激励机制不健全、缺乏规范的人员培训体系及绩效考核体系等缺陷,阻碍了公司的发展壮大。中小高科技企业对此要采取相应对策,对人力资源企业业务进行虚拟管理、柔性管理,完善报酬激励机制,以此实现企业效益最大化。     

Organization Context and Human Resource Management in the Small Firm

This paper examines the relationship between organization contextual variables and human resource management (HRM) practices in small firms. The proposed model is based on an integration of theoretical perspectives, including the resource-based approach, institutional theory, transaction cost economics (TCE), and concepts from strategic management. The model is explored empirically, with qualitative and quantitative analyses of data collected from a sample of sixteen small Dutch firms. Specific contextual variables examined include company size, the presence of a collective labor agreement, having a large firm associate, either as supplier, purchasing group or franchiser, and the company's strategic orientation toward growth (growth strategy). An important finding is the significance of having a large firm associate. Companies with a large firm associate are more likely to report having employer-based training programs. As predicted, company size is associated with more formal HRM practices, including greater regularity of performance appraisal and greater likelihood of employer-based training. A weak relationship is found between a more growth-oriented strategy and greater formality of these two HRM practices. Predictions based on collective labor agreements are not supported. The paper concludes that the findings warrant further research on the relationship between organization contextual variables and the formalization of HRM practices, although a clearer definition of the latter variable is needed in future research.     

Human Resource Issues in American Firms in China

ABSTRACT

A survey of human resource practices in American firms-both wholly-owned and joint ventures-in China indicate that these practices tend to change over time as the firm gains experience in the local environment. The types of benefits offered to employees vary by the size of the firm and the length of time the firm has been functioning in China. Human resource practices also differ between wholly-owned firms and joint ventures. Statistical analysis indicates that certain practices are more likely to positively impact on the enterprises' productivity, profitability, strategic goals. The implications of the study for managers in the context of a rapidly changing business environment are discussed.     

Achieving Growth and Responsiveness: Process Management and Market Orientation in Small Firms*

Achieving a consistent market orientation is a challenge for entrepreneurial manufacturers. This research seeks improved understanding of how internal process management assists and hinders small growing manufacturers in achieving the responsiveness component of a market orientation. Under process management, firms implement internal systems, procedures, and performance measures to improve performance and responsiveness to changing markets. Benefits include improved market sensing, two‐way communication, and coordinated responses to market demands. Despite the potential benefits, researchers question whether the internal structure and control of process management will improve responsiveness in entrepreneurial firms. Process management may conflict with the organizational cultures, agility, and responsiveness of entrepreneurial companies. Research results identify how process management assists and hinders the responsiveness component of market orientation in small manufacturers. Management implications and strategies for coping with growth challenges are presented.     

The Ethical Management Practices of Australian Firms

This paper addresses a number of important issues regarding the ethical practices and recent behaviour of large Australian firms in nine industries. These issues include whether firms have a written code of ethics, whether firms have a forum for the discussion of ethics, whether managers consider that their firm's activities have an environmental impact and whether there are any statistical relationships between the size, industry class, ownership, international involvement and location of the firm and its ethical management practices. These questions are examined by using data collected from a sample of 136 large firms operating in Australia.     

人力资源管理实践与小企业绩效关系的实证研究

以江苏省部分小企业为例,采用结构方程建模方法,对人力资源管理实践与小企业绩效之间的关系进行实证分析,研究结果表明:人力资源管理实践水平越高,小企业的劳动生产率越高,员工自愿离职率越低;人力资源管理实践对小企业的盈利能力有积极的正面作用,这种作用以生产率和员工自愿离职率为中介变量。     

虚拟人力资源管理的概念、理论框架及实践

虚拟人力资源管理是适应全球化、网络化企业竞争的一种新型管理方式。国内外学者对虚拟人力资源管理给出了不同的定义,主要认为虚拟人力资源管理是一种战略性人力资源管理,是以信息网络技术为支撑,以伙伴关系为基础,可将其分为组织虚拟和技术虚拟两大类,目的是为了更好的获取、应用、开发和配置智力资本,促进组织发展。根据企业虚拟人力资源管理的动因,对虚拟人力资源管理的实证研究、运行机制、风险及缺陷进行了分析。提出了虚拟人力资源管理研究与实践的未来发展趋势:虚拟人力资源管理的系统化、文化融合、专业人力资源管理服务机构的发展。进而推动组织变革和企业的持续健康发展。     

Human Resource Management Practice of Service Organizations: Evidence from Selected Malaysian Firms

ABSTRACT

One of the important features of human resource management (HRM) theory is that organizations need to develop HRM practices that are supportive of the organization's business practice. The HRM practice of an organization defines the role behaviour of its employees. Service organizations are unique and distinct from manufacturing organizations. Thus, service organizations need to develop the appropriate role behaviour. Empirical evidence shows that service organizations in the U.S. develop HRM practices that are distinct when compared with manufacturing firms. This study examined the extent to which this is also true in Malaysia. It also subjected this relationship to a more rigorous scrutiny by also controlling for the influence of other variables known to affect HRM practice.     

Life Cycle Characteristics of Small Professional Service Firms*

Our study of professional services firms clearly revealed that firms change over the course of their life cycles. During the first three stages, diversification in sales, the differentiation in labor force, and the level of labor productivity increase. In the last stage, diversification in sales, the differentiation in labor force, and the level of labor productivity decrease. Development effects can be treated as interdependent. Our findings show that the effects of growth can be predicted to a certain extent. In efforts towards development, these predictions are important to business strategy, as well as to consultation with and education of SME entrepreneurs.     

中小企业人力资源管理系统解决方案研究

本文从所有制结构、组织结构、人力资源状况及管理专业化程度等方面考察了中小企业人力资源管理的特点,并提出中小企业人力资源管理的解决方案,即建立企业文化、管理制度与信息化建设"三位一体"的人力资源管理系统.     

中小企业人力资源管理存在的问题及对策分析

人力资源管理是企业发展与成功的关键因素,在当今社会受到了广泛的关注和重视。而中小企业作为一个特殊的群体,在目前的人力资源管理方面尚不够成熟、完善,已经成为制约中小企业快速发展的瓶颈之一。中小企业要想获得可持续的发展,并在竞争中立于不败之地,就必须结合自身的实际,把握人力这个重要资源,采取积极有效的人力资源管理策略,为企业的发展服务。     

人力资源管理与人力资源价值研究

人力资源价值的形成机制与转化机制扭曲,影响了人力资源的充分发挥,造成了人力资源的浪费.人力资源的有形价值直接推动社会经济的发展,人力资源的无形价值则促进社会的文明,二者是可以相互融合的.人力资源的无形价值能带来更多的人力资源有形价值,从而促进人力资源整体价值的提高.企业家才能是人力资源无形价值的集中表现形式.     

论人力资源管理在中小企业中的地位和作用

中小企业发展的按心问题是人才。人才缺乏,尤其是高素质的管理人才和高水平的技术人才的缺乏已严重制约了我国中小企业的健康发爰。当前,我国中小企业虽然数量多,但规模小、资金少、人数少,与大企业、外资企业相比,困难集中体现在他们难以吸引、留住和合理运用优秀的员工。实施有效的人力资源管理,应建立合理的人才引用和变更制度。建造优质的人力团队。制定有利于企业战略发展和员工自我实现的人力资源规划,建立多样化的激励机制,加强企业文化建设,为人力资源管理提供一个良好的环境。     

胜任力在现代中小企业人力资源管理中的价值分析

在人力资源管理中,胜任力的优势和价值主要在于为未来岗位工作提供高绩效的参考标准,能有效配置企业内部各种资源,可以实现企业发展与员工成长的统一,可以更多地关注员工的能力提升、潜能开发,真正体现＂以人为本＂的理念等方面。中小企业的人力资源管理,应以员工的胜任力为基础,将岗位研究和对人的评价分析结合到一起,帮助企业按照经营战略要求和员工个体特征,在个人优势和潜能的基础上对员工进行选拔、绩效评估、员工培训、多层激励,从而实现人力资源的合理配置和绩效提高,驱动员工产生优秀工作绩效、提升企业核心竞争力。     

Board Composition in Small and Medium‐Sized Family Firms*

This study focuses on the determinants of board composition in Belgian small and medium‐sized family firms. It extends the empirical literature on board composition in private small and medium‐sized family enterprises by integrating several dimensions of the “family component” in the research model. Furthermore, using a multinomial logit model, we examine in which circumstances family firms opt for (1) a family board, (2) an inside board, or (3) an outside board. Results suggest that family‐related contingency variables are far more important than CEO‐related or control variables, giving support to the argument that board composition in family firms is a reflection of the family characteristics and objectives. Moreover, the results suggest that a resource dependence and added value perspective explain more of the variation in board composition than agency considerations.     

Supplier Selection Practices among Small Firms in the United States: Testing Three Models

One of the issues investigated in recent studies on small business enterprises involves the role of supply chain management. Supply chain management has become an important part of strategic planning in both large and small businesses in the 1990s as firms increasingly choose outsourcingas an externally-driven strategic growth path. This study examines the supplier selection practices among 78 small business executives in the midwest United States by testing three models: rational/normative, external control, and strategic choice. Although the results show support for all three models, the rational/normative model emerges as the most significant model for predicting the supplier selection practices of small firms.