企业家、企业家能力与组织能力探析

近百年来管理学的快速发展。对于企业家、企业能力理论的形成起到了巨大的推动作用，它们两者对组织能力有着怎样的影响？本文围绕企业家、企业家能力与组织能力的关系展开讨论。     

追赶企业技术创新演化四维驱动因素及作用机制——潍柴动力案例研究

将企业家认知作为外部环境影响企业创新行为的中介变量,完善了传统组织行为动力学的四维分析框架(人力资源、组织结构、技术和运作环境).在对潍坊柴油机动力股份有限公司案例分析的基础上,揭示追赶企业技术创新能力演化的四个驱动因素,印:具有先见的企业家认知是持续创新的根本动力和必要条件;适应性技术学习决定着技术追赶的知识基础;需...     

新创企业国际化过程中的企业家特定能力研究

新创企业国际化的蓬勃发展对传统的国际化理论提出了挑战,第三代企业家所拥有的企业家特定能力是新创企业国际化行为的驱动因素,本文把新创企业国际化过程中的企业家特定能力界定在以下几个方面：机会能力、关系能力、概念能力、整合能力、战略能力、承诺能力。企业家正是通过界定业务范围、培育组织能力和设置目标并采取行动等任务而作用于企业的国际化成长。     

企业家精神、开拓能力与组织绩效——基于苏北地区企业的实证分析

以苏北地区233家企业为对象,对企业家精神、开拓能力和组织绩效之间的关系进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,企业家精神、开拓能力对企业销售收入、利润增长率和市场占有率均具有正向影响,说明企业家精神发挥程度越高,越有利于组织绩效提升;企业的开拓能力越强,其盈利能力就越强、市场份额就越高;企业探索能力越强,组织绩效就越好。转型背景下苏北地区企业家精神的独特性、开拓能力对组织绩效产生显著影响;企业家精神只有以开拓能力为中介变量,才能显著改善企业绩效水平。开拓能力是发挥企业家精神、提升组织绩效的重要中介变量,企业家精神通过开拓能力环节对企业绩效产生间接影响。开拓能力成为发挥企业家精神、提升组织绩效的重要路径。研究结果对于丰富和完善企业家精神与企业绩效理论,指导企业实践都有重要的现实意义。     

组织记忆与企业家战略领导能力关系的实证研究

企业家战略领导能力是带领企业持续健康发展的重要因素之一,组织记忆是战略领导能力构建的重要源泉。文献梳理建立了组织记忆与企业家战略领导能力的理论模型与假设,实证研究表明:组织记忆对企业家战略领导能力有显著正向影响;组织记忆内容对提升企业家战略决策能力和战略控制能力的影响强于组织记忆管理水平,而企业家战略思维能力和战略实施能力的提升则更多受到组织记忆管理水平的影响。     

企业家精神对创新绩效的影响——数字化能力的中介作用与组织韧性的调节作用

企业家精神是推动新时代企业数字化转型,提升数字化能力,进而实现持续创新的关键因素。基于企业能力理论,探索数字化能力（核心竞争力）、组织韧性（动态适应力）视角下企业家精神对创新绩效的影响机制。以作为国际科技创新中心的北京市部分高精尖企业为样本,通过266份问卷调查数据进行实证检验。研究结果表明：企业家精神对创新绩效具有显著正向影响,数字化能力在企业家精神与创新绩效之间具有中介作用,组织韧性在企业家精神和数字化能力、企业家精神和创新绩效之间具有调节作用,组织韧性调节了数字化能力在企业家精神和创新绩效之间的中介效应。研究结论为数字经济背景下充分发挥企业家精神对创新绩效的积极影响,推动新时代高精尖企业高质量发展提供重要支撑。     

基于企业家层面的新创企业国际化驱动力研究

传统国际化理论对企业国际化的动因与行为的分析只停留在企业与环境层面上探讨企业,没有深入到人的因素,忽略了企业家在企业国际化过程中的作用。而企业家作为决策者,支配着企业的商务活动,对包括国际化在内的企业战略制定与实施产生重要影响。本文结合新创企业国际化的新发展,把企业家层面的分析引入到国际化的分析框架之中,从企业家特质、企业家认知和企业家网络三个方面探讨了新创企业国际化中的企业家驱动力。     

企业家背景特征影响企业投资行为的实验研究

企业家背景特征在企业投资决策中具有举足轻重的作用。本文在梳理企业家能力和企业投资行为相关文献的基础上,采用实验研究的方法,以浙江120位中小企业企业家为研究对象进行实验,以实验调查数据来说明企业家能力对企业投资行为的影响以及两者之间的联系。研究发现企业家背景特征与企业投资行为存在较强的关联性;由于企业家自身背景不同,以及出于对自身职位的考虑,使企业家在投资行为中会产生不同程度的非效率性投资行为。     

企业家背景特征影响企业投资行为的实验研究北大核心

企业家背景特征在企业投资决策中具有举足轻重的作用。本文在梳理企业家能力和企业投资行为相关文献的基础上,采用实验研究的方法,以浙江120位中小企业企业家为研究对象进行实验,以实验调查数据来说明企业家能力对企业投资行为的影响以及两者之间的联系。研究发现企业家背景特征与企业投资行为存在较强的关联性;由于企业家自身背景不同,以及出于对自身职位的考虑,使企业家在投资行为中会产生不同程度的非效率性投资行为。     

影响安徽省民营企业融资能力的企业家行为因素分析及对策探讨

民营企业在安徽省国民经济中起着越来越重要的作用，然而融资难的现状是安徽省民营企业面临的一大难题，影响民营企业融资能力的因素有很多。文章力图站在企业家行为的角度考察企业的融资能力，并对安徽省民营企业家行为提出几点建议，以期对安徽省民营企业的更好发展有所裨益。     

数字经济时代下企业组织惯性的重构路径研究

组织惯性研究中"选择决定论"与"组织适应论"的视角冲突,割裂了企业对组织惯性的认知,难以形成相匹配的应对模式。文章从资源基础理论视角切入设计案例研究,研究发现企业组织惯性的重构路径会经历三个主要阶段:(1)组织外围结构先行演化,不断试错,形成可被纳入核心结构的能力;(2)基于形成的能力进行资源动员,丰富可能的资源和能力组合方案;(3)通过解构与重组惯性的方式构建动态调节机制。研究结论有助于丰富组织惯性和资源基础的研究文献,弥合了组织惯性研究的视角冲突,在组织变革中引入了管理者的资源管理能力;同时可为企业无法准确识别环境变化时提供一个处理组织惯性的可行指导方案,促使企业组织的成长演化过程向进化转变。     

草根企业动态能力的演化——基于创业者二面能力的视角

草根企业是中国经济发展的重要组成部分,动态能力有助于草根企业的生存和成长。本文以大连食品加工行业的三家知名草根企业为研究对象,分别从它们的生存、成长和发展三个时期各选择一个典型事例共九个案例进行多案例分析,从创业者二面能力的视角,对草根企业发展过程中,由创业者思变和创造的常规能力以及整合和运作的非常规能力所构成的二面能力与企业的包括生产能力、技术能力等的一阶能力和动态能力之间的演化机理进行研究,研究结果揭示了在企业发展的不同时期,创业者二面能力的常规和非常规能力对企业动态能力演化影响的重要程度不同。     

战略性人力资源动态能力培育研究

由于当今组织环境的不确定性,企业必须培育战略性人力资源动态能力,以增强组织动态适应性,建立持久竞争优势。战略性人力资源动态能力的提升是通过人力资源管理实践创新实现的。     

Technological capabilities,resilience capabilities and organizational effectiveness

Abstract

Previous research has defined resilience as a desirable characteristic for an organization and its members to possess when circumstances adversely change. Resilience is analysed through different perspectives as organizational responses to external threats, organizational reliability or employee strengths. However, the role of resilience in enhancing organizational effectiveness is not fully understood. Grounded in organizational ambidexterity, the current research tests the value of resilience capabilities developed through specific Human Resource Practices (HRPs) in the context of ever-changing market conditions. This paper argues that as well as technological capabilities, HRPs that build resilience within an organization are needed to successfully implement technological change. Resilience capabilities are a mediating factor between technological capabilities and organizational effectiveness, whilst environment dynamism and competitive intensity are moderators of this relationship. Using a primary sample of 205 manufacturing firms, a model is presented and tested using Structural Equation Modelling. The results reinforce the importance of HRPs in building resilience which helps firms to continuously adjust to change and subsequently enhance their organizational effectiveness.     

Explaining Team-Based Pay: A Contingency Perspective Based on the Organizational Life Cycle,Team Design,and Organizational Learning Literatures

Using a contingency perspective that combines the organizational life cycle, team design, and organizational learning literatures, a total of 12 propositions are developed to explain and predict the application of team-based pay in organizations. In essence, this article argues that financial capabilities (associated with various stages in the life cycle) and human capital capabilities (represented by factors leading to an organization's absorptive capacity) should have a major impact on the application of team-based pay. It is also expected that situational favorableness for team pay (as determined by team task design) should influence the likelihood of its application in an organization.     

Emergenz organisationaler Fähigkeiten

The capabilities based view of the firm is a major approach in current strategic management research. It focuses on organizational capabilities as the fundamental unit of analysis and states that firms evolve through evolutionary processes. What organizational capabilities are and how they emerge and evolve are central research questions. Existing research focuses only on partial aspects of the emergence of organizational capabilities. Hence, an integrative framework to address these issues is missing. This contribution aims at developing such an integrative framework by a critical review of existing research. Different perspectives are combined to explain the emergence and evolution of organizational capabilities while focusing on a lifecycle model. This contribution starts with an explanation and a taxonomy of pivotal terms of the capabilities based view. Different ways of the emergence and the development of organizational competencies and their relationships will be systematically explained by examining theoretical backgrounds of evolutionary economics and path dependency theory. This contribution ends with a summary and discusses future research streams.     

Identifying,Enabling and Managing Dynamic Capabilities in the Public Sector*

abstract In this paper, we examine how a public sector organization developed a new strategic approach based on the identification and use of an internal dynamic capability (learning through experimenting). In response to the need for continual performance improvement in spite of reduced financial resources, this organization engaged in three overlapping phases as they shifted to this strategic approach. First, managers identified appropriate latent dynamic capabilities. Next, they used their leadership skills and built on established levels of trust to enable the use of these dynamic capabilities. Finally, they managed the tension between unrestricted development of local initiatives and organizational needs for guidance and control.     

Capabilities in Motion: New Organizational Forms and the Reshaping of the Hollywood Movie Industry*

abstract This paper looks at the evolution of capabilities in the Hollywood movie industry in the aftermath of the transition from a studio era dominated by integrated hierarchies to a post‐studio era dominated by flexible hub organizations supplied by networks of resource providers. Adopting a dynamic capabilities perspective we argue that two industry capabilities – mobilizing and transforming capabilities – play a crucial role in assembling and transforming resource bundles into feature films. We further argue that the transition to new organizational forms shifts the co‐evolutionary process, with practices and routines that make up mobilizing capabilities changing faster and becoming more important to box office success than practices and routines that make up transforming capabilities. We test our hypotheses using a sample of 400 films split between the studio and post‐studio eras. The results support our hypotheses, pointing to the influence of centralized control versus dispersed access to resources. The strategy of integrated hierarchical organizations depends on ownership of resources that reduces incentives to develop mobilizing capabilities, and increases incentives to develop transforming capabilities. The advent of new organizational forms, by contrast, increases returns to new practices and routines that mobilize resources at the expense of returns on exploring practices and routines that make up transforming capabilities.     

Identifying the moderating influences of external environments on new product development process

Few studies have attempted to investigate the following: (1) whether the firm's core capabilities or resources and routines (e.g., integration among functions) for product development, in the presence of environmental dynamics, become incumbent inertia or core rigidities? and (2) how environmental dynamics affect the influence of a project team's implementation capabilities in the new product development (NPD) process on new product launch performance? This study approaches these questions by addressing the three most indispensable NPD process components (i.e., marketing, technology, and organization) and incorporating new moderators, namely pace of technological change and competitive intensity, within a single study. It specifically examines the extent to which the latter two external environmental variables moderate the impact of NPD practices on new product launch outcome. Data obtained from a survey of NPD projects developed and launched by Korean manufacturers suggest that environmental dynamics would reduce the contribution of functional-specific sources of advantage (resources) and project-specific sources of advantage (e.g., integration among functions) to organizational implementation capabilities (i.e., a project team's proficiency in executing NPD activities). Moreover, the research also shows that market dynamics may increase the contribution of organizational implementation capabilities to NPD project performance.