特色农业与乡村旅游协同发展路径探略

促进农业产业与以旅游业为代表的第三产业协同发展是"新常态"下我国经济发展的新思路,有助于促进农村地区在经济、社会和生态效益有机统一基础上的和谐发展。研究阐述了特色农业与乡村旅游协同发展的意蕴;从明确农业与旅游业协同发展的产业定位、产业调控和产业配套政策等方面理顺了特色农业与乡村旅游协同发展的产业扶持机制建设思路;给出了创新特色农业与乡村旅游协同式经营模式,开发特色农业与乡村旅游协同式旅游产品和建设特色农业与乡村旅游协同式利益分配机制等促进特色农业与乡村旅游协同发展的可行路径。     

乡村振兴战略下特色农业发展路径探究——以广东湛江地区为例

发展特色农业作为乡村振兴的一项重要措施，可以打造乡村的品牌形象，提升乡村的吸引力和竞争力。通过特色农业的引领和推动，乡村地区可以实现农业产业升级和多元化发展，实现农村经济的转型升级。研究乡村战略下农村特色农业发展路径成为了当前的热门话题，文章以广东湛江地区为例，探讨了乡村振兴战略下特色农业发展的路径，分析了湛江地区特色农业发展面临的基础薄弱问题，包括加工率低和基础设施不足等。同时，针对以上问题提出了加快产业化融合和建立产业联盟两项对策建议。     

乡村振兴战略下农业产业结构调整对农业经济增长的贡献研究

调整产业结构有助于推动农业经济发展，在农业产业结构调整的过程中，首先要调整种植业生产结构，加大力度发展渔牧产业；其次，要跟随市场脚步，用政策促进农业产业结构调整；最后，要注重优化农业技术，提高农业生产者的技术水平。在乡村振兴背景下，国家非常重视推进脱贫攻坚和乡村振兴战略的无缝对接，健全衔接机制，能够助力农村特色经济发展。     

乡村振兴战略背景下农业产业结构优化路径

在乡村振兴战略背景下,通过调整和优化农业产业结构,能有效促进农村地区的经济发展,提高农民的经济收入水平,顺应时代发展的需求。从当前的农业产业发展的情况来看,我国有些地区还存在着特色资源产业化不足、盲目选择支柱产业、农业产业结构不合理等问题。文章分析了农业产业发展中的问题,提出了优化农业产业结构的路径,创新和完善农业产业发展模式,优化农业产业布局,构建现代化的农业经营体系,延长农产品的价值链,以更好地助推我国农村经济的发展。     

罗平县高原特色农业产业集群发展探析

一个地区产业集群的形成和发展,能进一步优化资源配置,促进区域经济的发展。文章通过实地调研,主要研究探讨了罗平县高原特色农业产业集群发展成效,主要体现为形成了龙头企业为主体的特色农业产业集群发展模式、高原特色产品品牌、有影响力的庄园经济和"三大产业"协同发展的产业集群,进一步探讨了罗平县高原特色农业产业集群发展存在品牌效应差、龙头企业少、自然灾害频发、产品市场与信息服务体制不健全等问题,该文还根据罗平县农业产业集群发展成效及存在的问题提出了加大政策扶持力度、进一步提升高原特色农业产业集群的特色和加大科技创新力度等对策,进一步促进高原特色农业产业集群的发展,促进农村经济增长,提高农民收入,构建和谐农村,全面建设美丽乡村。     

乡村振兴大家谈

正中国特色社会主义进入新时代,我国社会主要矛盾已经转化为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾。实施乡村振兴战略,意在更好更快地解决城乡发展不平衡、农村发展不充分等问题,是做好新时代"三农"工作的根本遵循。如何推进乡村振兴?且听来自专家学者和基层的声音。产业兴旺农业部农村经济研究中心主任宋洪远:乡村产业兴旺,必须发展现代农业,实现农业现代化。具体来说,推进农业现代化,要突出抓     

网络营销赋能农村产业发展的机制研究——新媒体平台“直播+短视频+商城”助农案例及其分析

农业现代化是乡村振兴所需，产业兴旺则是乡村振兴的基础，是农业高质量发展、农民就业增收、农村可持续发展的现实需要。“互联网+”时代下实现网络营销与农村产业的融合发展，是推动小农户与瞬息万变的大市场有机衔接，促进农产品出村进城，全面实施乡村振兴战略、加快农业农村现代化的必然要求。数字经济时代的农村产业发展离不开网络营销，数字赋能也成为乡村振兴的趋势。本文以新媒体平台“直播+短视频+商城”助农为案例，从理论与案例两个角度分别阐释了在“互联网+”时代网络营销推动农村产业发展的理论机理与政策效果。研究发现，网络营销作为一种销售渠道赋能农村及其产品营销的路径实现，能够引导经济资金、人才与技术要素等涌入农村产业，从而实现经济增长要素的重新分配。鉴于此，本文认为政府有必要围绕农村人力资源能力建设、增加数字化基础设施建设、打造区域特色品牌、探索组织管理创新模式、夯实农业产业数字化平台、提高政府社会化服务能力等方面来优化农业产业数字化营商环境，推动农业从传统营销迅速向农业产业数字化转型，以提高数字生产力助推新型农业现代化发展。     

河南省农业现代化发展的空间格局研究

[目的]基于产业融合的视角对河南省农业现代化发展水平进行评测,并由此分析其空间格局特征,有助于判断区域农业现代化发展的地域性差异,对促进区域农业协调发展具有重要的意义。[方法]文章基于我国农业现代化发展阶段,构建产业融合视角下的农业现代化评价指标体系,通过熵值法测算其农业现代化发展水平,采用全局Moran′s I指数分析其空间自相关性,由此探索河南省农业现代化的空间格局特征。[结果]河南省农业现代化水平呈正的空间自相关,以河南省17个地级市为单元的农业现代化水平呈现出较强的空间集聚特征。河南省农业现代化发展的高水平区域聚集在以郑州为中心的豫东北地区,低值水平区聚集在豫南、豫西北、豫西地区。[结论]从河南省农业现代化发展的整体趋势来看,其主要受益于系统内的农业多功能拓展、农业产业链延伸及农业产业价值的全面提升,随着乡村振兴战略的实施,有效带动乡村产业融合发展是新时期农业现代化发展的重要方向;农业产业融合作为推动农业结构调整快速实现的有效手段,是切实提高农业综合效益、改善农业发展现状、促进农业现代化发展的重要路径;经济水平和地理区位对农业现代化发展的影响作用在逐渐加强,应通过产业联动、技术渗透、体制创新等方式,因地制宜地形成农业生产与农产品加工、休闲农业等有机结合。     

乡村振兴背景下农业经济管理的有效路径探索

乡村振兴战略的实施为我国农业经济发展带来了新的机遇，尤其是对农业产业结构的调整和升级起着非常关键的作用。农业经济管理是我国乡村振兴的重要组成部分，通过高质量和高效率的农业经济管理，能够改变农村地区落后的农业生产条件，使农业生产模式逐渐向着规模化和现代化的方向发展，提高农村地区居民的经济收入水平。因此，应该重视农业经济管理在乡村振兴战略中的重要作用。文章结合农村地区经济发展的实际情况，提出高质量的农业经济管理优化措施，为推动我国农业的现代化发展奠定基础。     

和田地区农业产业化发展研究——基于SWOT分析框架

农业产业化发展是新时期我国农村综合性改革的重要目标,是促进乡村产业发展、实现脱贫致富和全面建成小康社会的重要着力点。在此背景下,以新疆和田地区农业产业化发展为研究目标,采用经济管理学中的SWOT分析方法,探讨边疆少数民族地区实现农业产业化发展的内外部条件及优劣势,提出了加快农业产业人才培养、提升农业生产组织建设、完善相关农业政策支持、凸出特色农业产业引领作用等策略。     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.     

Local impacts of industrial tree plantations: An empirical analysis in Indonesia across plantation types

The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.     

Upstream demand for water use by new tree plantations imposes externalities on downstream irrigated agriculture and wetlands*

Large‐scale tree plantations in high rainfall upstream areas can reduce fresh water inflows to river systems, thereby imposing external costs on downstream irrigation, stock and domestic water users and wetland interests. We take the novel approach of expressing all benefits and costs of establishing plantations in terms of $ per gigalitre (GL) of water removed annually from river flows, setting upstream demands on the same basis as downstream demands. For the Macquarie Valley, a New South Wales sub‐catchment of Australia’s Murray‐Darling Basin, we project changes in land and water use and changes in economic surpluses under two policy settings: without and with a policy requiring permanent water entitlements to be purchased from downstream parties, before plantation establishment. Without the policy, and given a high stumpage value for trees ($70/m³), upstream gains in economic surplus projected from expanding plantations are $639 million; balanced against $233 million in economic losses by downstream irrigators and stock and domestic water users for a net gain of $406 million, but 345 GL lower mean annual environmental flows. With the policy, smaller gains in upstream economic surplus from trees ($192 million), added to net downstream gains ($138 million) from sale of water, result in gains of $330 million with no reduction in environmental flows. Sustaining the 345 GL flow for a $76 million (406–330) reduction in gains to economic surplus may be seen to cost only $0.22 million/GL; but this is much lower than the market value of the first units of that water to agriculture and forestry.     

Underpayment of Small Producers of Coffee and Cocoa in Sierra Leone

Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.     

Malaria incidence and agricultural efficiency in Uganda

The cost of accessing healthcare can be a major determinant of disease prevalence, which in turn has short‐ and long‐term welfare implications on poor households. In response, governments in developing countries often resort to subsidizing the cost of drugs, which, while perhaps easier to administer, may not always be the most effective way of addressing healthcare cost. In this regard, we analyze the impact of different types of household level health expenses on disease incidence and agricultural production efficiency. We use data from the 2006 Uganda National Household Survey, which covered approximately 7,400 households. The results suggest that a 10% increase in consultation, medicine, and hospitalization expenses would reduce malaria incidence respectively by 35.6%, 20.5%, and 21.3 %, which translates into a 1.1%, 0.6%, and 0.6 % decrease in agricultural inefficiency, respectively. The results indicate that helping poor households meet expenses for consultation through subsidies or eliminating consultation fees has a larger impact on malaria incidence and agricultural productivity among poor rural households than subsidizing the cost of medical drugs, the most common avenue chosen by developing country governments in the fight against the disease.