网络状产业链的价值创新协同与平台领导

在网络状产业链中,创新由分散的模块生产商和互补品生产商独立进行,传统的一体化组织模式不再适用,需要新的创新组织形式。平台领导者通过一系列的策略,协调网络状产业链各参与主体的价值创新行为。本文将防降价均衡(UPE)用于网络状产业链价值创新的动态博弈过程中,揭示平台领导者实现模块标准升级的相关策略与模块和网络等技术参数的匹配关系。平台领导企业通过模块规则的知识产权策略、互补品创新的横向兼容决策、标准升级的纵向兼容决策等,形成封闭策略组合和开放策略组合,协同模块生产商、互补品生产商的行为,实现价值创新协同,通过最终顾客价值的创造,吸引消费者购买新产品,实现标准的升级。     

基于网络外部性的价值模块整合与兼容性选择

本文分析了价值模块的网络外部性特征，并基于网络外部性研究了价值模块整合过程中的兼容性选择和价格竞争行为。研究结果表明：当由进入厂商选择兼容度时，兼容性越高进入厂商的市场份额越大，并能够获得更高的市场价格；当由在位厂商选择兼容度时，兼容度增加将减少消费者的转移成本，使更多的模块需求商转向购买进入厂商的产品，减少了在位厂商的市场份额；当转移成本的兼容性敏感系数较低时，在位模块供应商能够获得更高的价格，而当转移成本对兼容性很敏感时，较高的兼容度将迫使在位模块供应商降低价格。价值模块的网络外部性加剧了模块供应商之间的竞争，进一步促进了价值模块整合和产业融合的过程。     

企业兼容竞争的博弈分析

本文以双寡头博弈模型为基础，考察了产品兼容对企业价格和利润的影响，就在位企业和新进入企业如何利用兼容策略增强其竞争力进行了分析。本文的结论是，借助于历史销售优势和适当的兼容策略，优势企业可以设置策略壁垒来阻止潜在进入者的进入和胁迫市场内的竞争对手退出市场，劣势企业也可以凭借生产兼容性能相当优越或单向兼容的产品参与市场竞争。     

产品创新中部门间协同竞争行为博弈分析

在产品创新过程中企业内各部门间由于利益、目标导向、权利等方面存在的差异,因而导致部门之间存在各种冲突、对抗或竞争行为。本文通过对企业在产品创新过程中各部门间的冲突和竞争行为的分析,构建了部门间协同竞争博弈模型,并提出产品创新中促进部门协同创新的策略,减少部门间的恶性竞争行为,提高产品创新的成功率。     

企业产品降价时要注意的几个问题

企业产品降价是一种竞争策略。然而什么时候使用这种策略才是恰当的和必须的?降价时应注意什么问题?本文就此进行了论述。     

网络产业的联盟结构研究

网络产业中的企业技术联盟成为标准竞争的行动主体，市场表现为一定的联盟结构。本文通过引入企业选择技术标准的博弈模型揭示了网络效应与联盟结构的内在联系，重点分析了联盟结构分散化趋势的成因，指出较之垄断型联盟结构，竞争型联盟结构尽管损失了部分网络效应，但它促进了产品多样化，增加了消费者福利，有利于技术进步，从动态发展的视角看增进了社会福利。最后，本文对我国企业参与国际化网络竞争提出了一些政策建议。     

纵向一体化、排他性销售与寡头竞争中的非对称均衡

跨国公司往往通过使用排他性销售渠道（ED）或者纵向一体化（VI）进入东道国并进行竞争。这两种竞争策略的相似性和不完全替代性，使之成为本文的分析对象。在同一个东道国进行竞争的两个生产相似产品的寡头，当一方欲领先一步,应选择何种竞争策略来先动；当竞争对手先动选择一个竞争策略时，己方采取何种策略才能减少甚至摆脱后发劣势。本文通过建立两寡头Stackelberg数量竞争模型分析表明，跨国公司现实竞争中对于VI或者ED的偏好决不是偶然。而是经过理性博弈后的一种均衡。     

后发企业的技术跨越微观机理——基于动态能力的作用分析

由于后发优势及在位者创新困境的存在,后发企业实现对领先企业的技术跨越成为可能。动态能力在后发企业技术跨越中起着重要的作用。为了研究基于技术学习角度的动态能力在后发企业技术跨越中的作用演化机理,构建了后发企业技术跨越的非对称动态演化博弈模型,并对策略选择进行了稳定性的分析,用数值仿真演示了决策参数不同取值的改变对演化结果的影响。结果表明：后发企业技术跨越选择模式的系统演化收敛于两种模式：一种是不变革,始终处于技术落后状态;另一种是技术变革,实现对领先企业的技术跨越。研究结果表明,高阶的动态能力能够促使后发企业进行变革创新,实现对领先企业的技术跨越。低阶的动态能力不利于企业进行技术变革。因此,要培育高阶的动态能力。     

基于二次创新的后发企业技术成长路径北大核心

本文通过对中电熊猫液晶技术发展历程的纵向案例分析,探讨后发企业如何借助外部创新网络实现技术赶超,以及企业跨越式技术成长的动力机制。本文探究了后发企业技术赶超过程中创新网络的构建与演化机理;分阶段重点阐释后发企业创新战略与创新能力的匹配与协同演进;分析了外部制度等环境因素的影响,从而识别出后发企业实现二次创新的关键因素和实现路径。研究发现后发企业的技术创新成长过程具有阶段性特征,并形成“适应性技术吸收-维护性技术开发-发展性技术变革”的跨越式成长路径。     

新型产业组织分析范式构建研究——从SCP到DIM

随着现代产业分工的精细化与企业间关系的网络化发展,产品之间的竞争已经由单个企业与单个企业之间的竞争转变为企业簇群与企业簇群之间的竞争。本文以此为出发点,通过引入产品价值网络的概念体系,试图在整合、修正传统SCP分析框架的基础上,构建一个基于模块化理论的新型产业组织分析范式——“DIM”①分析框架,以期从立体多维层面实现对现代产业组织结构、行为、绩效的更为全面研究。     

Divergent patterns of engagement in Internet standardization: Japan,Korea and China

This article analyzes the engagement of Japanese, Korean and Chinese participants in the development of Internet standards at IETF on the basis of four quantitative metrics: attendance, patenting, authorship and leadership. The results are strikingly divergent. Japanese involvement in Internet standardization began early and Japan was, for many years, second only to the U.S. in terms of IETF participation. Though Japanese participation has declined since the early 2000s, Japan remains a major contributor to IETF standardization. Korean involvement in IETF has always been significant, but below the levels of Japan and major European countries. Korean participation in IETF has also declined over the past decade, and has been dominated by one firm, Samsung. Though meaningful Chinese involvement in IETF did not begin until the mid-2000s, it has rapidly expanded in recent years. Today, China is a major player in numerous areas of Internet standardization in terms of three metrics (participation, patenting and leadership), and is rapidly gaining in terms of document authorship as well. Most of China׳s recent IETF involvement can be attributed to Huawei, though other Chinese firms have recently begun to increase their participation in the organization. Thus, contrary to some views that China׳s engagement with standardization is primarily one of indigenous innovation and “catching up”, China׳s experience with IETF demonstrates deliberate and effective engagement with a major Western standards-development organization on its own terms.     

增强Linux系统安全性的措施

L inux系统的安全取决于系统管理员如何来管理它。本文探讨了一系列可以增强安全性的技巧与策略 ,包括 :系统安装原则、BIOS安全、口令安全策略、设计帐户自动注销功能、文件系统和日志安全策略、使用 SSH及 TCP-WRAPPERS,隐藏系统信息、删除所有特殊帐户、关闭控制台程序、限制系统中的 SUID/ SGID程序等。本文最后向 L inux系统管理员提出了一些安全管理方面的建议     

Whose Image is it Anyway?: Some Considerations of the Curricular Importance of Subject Image in Secondary School Design and Technology Education

This paper explores the idea that a sense of school subject image is a necessary feature of curriculum management and a potent force for change. The discussion centres on the view that all school subjects have an image and that if those intimately involved with the subject do not control the image then someone else does! In such circumstances the image is the product of past encounters and old euphemisms and is unlikely to hold the changed realities.The UK developments in Design and Technology education (the term Design and Technology is used to denote the school subject defined under this heading by the UK National Curriculum, 1995) have created something of an image problem which has interesting international parallels. Some of these problems are due to clearly discernible internal tensions and an ambiguous relationship with other subject areas.Through greater attention to subject image internal controversies might be acknowledged and resolved, relationships with other subject areas can be more meaningfully understood and practitioners can be helped to make sense of curriculum change.     

快速成形技术的应用及热点分析

基于快速成形技术的原理,展示了快速成形技术在快速模具制造、金属零件直接成形、反求工程等领域的广泛应用,总结了快速成形制造技术研究的热点,即研发新材料和新设备、提高成形精度、建立RPM的反求工程系统、建立成形技术的统一标准和扩大成形技术的应用领域。     

CIS与现代企业管理美学

概括性介绍了 ＣＩＳ（Ｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｅ Ｉｄｅｎｔｉｔｙ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ）的三大基本组成，并阐述了它与现代企业管理密不可分的相互联系及所处的举足轻重的地位，指出导入ＣＩＳ是现代企业谋求发展的重要手段。     

HSE走进中国石油

企业管理水平的好坏直接影响着企业的经济效益,运用HSE管理能提高企业管理水平,HSE管理模式将健康,安全,环境三者视为一个有机的整体。HSE管理认为人的安全是第一位的,人是创造财富的原动力,是企业的最大财产,HSE管理体系强调的是“蝴蝶效应”。     

Diffusion and usage of public e-services in Europe: An assessment of country level indicators and drivers

We analyze the state of the art of indicators on e-government, e-health, e-procurement and e-participation. We survey the main methodological properties of these indicators, and highlight their heuristic potential. Further, we address empirically the issue of the explanation of the availability scores, i.e. how the supply of the various e-services in each country is affected by political, institutional and socio-economic differences, and is followed by actual usage. The econometric analysis uncovers the importance of broadband penetration and higher education as drivers for most of the types of e-services and users (citizens and businesses). Moreover, a corruption-free and agile public sector proves to be an important pre-condition for more effective supply and usage. Despite data limitations and the complexity of the underlying diffusion phenomena, our study is the first truly longitudinal contribution aimed at disentangling the common drivers of such an important phenomenon – the e-services availability and usage across European countries. As such, this work appears useful to inform the policy debate and practice, in a phase characterized by a prospective reorientation of the public e-services provision and policy agenda.     

一种高精度的频率标准比对系统

频率标准源可以提供精确的标准频率,在测定频率标准源的各项性能指标时,要求测试系统必须具有很高的比对精度。所设计的频率标准比对系统采取多级倍频 混频方式使频率偏差逐级扩大后再测量,从而避免了直接进行高次倍频的困难,提高了测量精度,可以对高精度的频率标准的准确度、长短期频率稳定度进行快速测量,是一种高精度时畴参数测量系统。     

Material power and normative conflict in global and local agrifood governance: The lessons of ‘Golden Rice’ in India

This special section aims to investigate the interaction of global and local forces in shaping agrifood governance. It starts from the recognition that a multitude of actors and norms shape today’s agrifood system. The resulting opaqueness of the systems makes it extremely difficult to understand and explain processes and outcomes of agrifood governance. Given the sustainability challenges facing the agrifood system, improvements in our understanding of what the interaction of global and local actors and norms means on the ground are urgently needed, however. The section, therefore, analyses agrifood governance in India across a selected group of cases. It does so by employing a systematic framework emphasizing the material and ideational dimensions of power and their interaction. The section has chosen India as the setting in which to analyze this interaction due to the crucial role the food demand and supply of this rising power plays in today’s agrifood system. This article provides the special sections’ analytical framework, which uses the interplay of material and ideational dimensions of power as a focal lens. In addition, the article applies this framework to an empirical study of the political conflict around GMO foods in India, specifically the case of ‘Golden Rice’.     

蒸汽热量计量应用的探析

研究了石油化工企业的燕汽计量情况,着重对蒸汽热量计量的合理性进行了分析,阐述了蒸汽热量计量的依据及计算方法,以及蒸气热量计量对节能降耗的重要意义.