The general linear model analysis of variance: its relevance to transportation planning and research†

The general linear model analysis of variance (GLANOVA) is discussed to show its relevance to several transportation planning and research topics. Two specific analytical procedures, an analysis of variance for multiway tables with unequal cell frequencies and an analysis of covariance, are presented. The potential applicability of these GLANOVA procedures to trip generation, mode split and market segmentation in transportation planning and research contexts is mentioned. It is concluded that further examination of GLANOVA techniques, both on empirical and analytical levels, will be fruitful for research studies. However, theoretical sophistication and lack of convenient computer programs which are compatible with transportation planning software make GLANOVA inappropriate for use in normal planning studies.     

试论项目施工管理之策划

随着市场竞争的加剧,项目施工面临越来越多错综复杂的因素,故策划作为项目成功实施的前提越来越受到关注。文章主要从策划程序、机构、组织等方面具体阐述项目工程策划要素,以期对项目施工管理提供有益的参考与借鉴。     

The use of risk analysis within British rail

This article explores the use of risk analysis as a major feature of the corporate planning process operated by the British Railways Board (BRB). The risk-analysis procedures involve the use of fractile analysis and Monte Carlo simulation. They were first used in connection with the forecasts produced in the BRR's 1983 Corporate Plan and, more particularly, its Railways business clement which is known as the Rail Plan. This was the first time that the BRB had used risk analysis of this kind but, because of its success, the procedures discussed in this article arc now incorporated as a permanent feature of its corporate planning process.     

基于MSFLB模型的物流园区规划方法的研究

重点分析了物流园区的发展及规划中存在的问题,探讨了MSFLB模型所包含的物流规划的步骤与方法,并结合平西物流园区实际规划方案进行了实例分析。     

城市总体规划环境影响评价研究

作为城市规划体系中的上层规划,城市总体规划对各类详细性规划有很强的指导作用,在其编制过程中纳入环境影响评价,将有助于从决策源头控制环境污染,减小生态破坏,降低环保成本,并最终促进城市的可持续发展。结合城市总体规划特点及环境影响评价要求,重点探讨了城市总体规划环境影响评价的介入时间、评价程序、工作重点及城市环境保护保障措施建设等,旨在促进城市规划领域环境影响评价的全面开展。     

Project 1990: educational planning at the metropolitan level

The fragmentation of metropolitan areas into large numbers of relatively small school districts has rendered long range educational planning highly unreliable when conducted at the district level. This article discusses a cooperative planning venture which was undertaken by the forty school districts in the Buffalo, New York metropolitan area. The planning organization is described and the general procedures for making student population projections, expenditure projections and revenue projections are reported. Although the article focuses on methodology, findings of general interest are reported including organizational alternatives which were generated. The project was financed with funds appropriated under Title III of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act.     

Enhancing Strategy Evaluation in Scenario Planning: a Role for Decision Analysis

Scenario planning can be a useful and attractive tool in strategic management. In a rapidly changing environment it can avoid the pitfalls of more traditional methods. Moreover, it provides a means of addressing uncertainty without recourse to the use of subjective probabilities, which can suffer from serious cognitive biases. However, one underdeveloped element of scenario planning is the evaluation of alternative strategies across the range of scenarios. If this is carried out informally then inferior strategies may be selected, while those formal evaluation procedures that have been suggested in relation to scenario planning are unlikely to be practical in most contexts. This paper demonstrates how decision analysis can be used to structure the strategy evaluation process in a way which avoids the problems associated with earlier proposals. The method is flexible, versatile and transparent and leads to a clear and documented rationale for the selection of a particular strategy.     

《城乡规划法》实施背景下完善规划行政许可制度思考

从完善规划行政许可制度入手,探讨《城乡规划法》实施背景下规划行政许可工作的整体制度性建设.根据《城乡规划法》和《行政许可法》的有关规定,现阶段,必须增强社会主义市场经济条件下对规划行政许可行为的本质认识,精简规划行政许可的范围与程序,完善规划行政许可管理工作机构设置,明晰管理权限,规范规划行政许可形式,加强公众参与和规...     

Test of a technique for planning medical procedures in preventive health examination programs

This paper reports on a retrospective test of a linear programming (LP) technique for planning of medical procedures in preventive health examination (PHE) programs. The technique itself has been published earlier; hence only a brief review is presented here. The test was, in essence, a comparison between a PHE program run along conventional lines (all procedures to all patients) and a PHE program guided by the LP technique. The results showed that the LP technique has several advantages over the conventional mode of operation.     

仓储系统设计的实验教学模式研究

在分析仓储系统设计的实验教学目标的前提下,提出实验教学中可行的仓储系统设计步骤。同时研究仓储系统实验教学内容与组织过程———合理组织教学内容、严格实验过程指导、科学实验考核;最后按实验步骤进行仓储系统的方案设计。     

The use of economics in urban travel demand modelling: A survey

This paper attempts to survey the recent innovations in urban transport planning and in particular to demonstrate the increasing importance being attached to economic analysis in the travel forecasting procedures employed. The article begins by setting out traditional economic notions as they relate to travel, progresses to illustrate their practical limitations for planners and then considers the applied work which has been attempted in this field. The paper is critical of the traditional sequential forecasting procedures and attempts to present a balanced picture of the current state of explicit demand modelling which has a firmer foundation in economic theory.     

物流管理在企业中的作用

本文介绍了物流管理的重要性,物流管理采用的方法、技术。采用ERP总体方案进行规划管理,物资供应系统实施策略与步骤,库存管理、采购管理、高级供应链实施内容和效果。     

Modeling and prediction of surgical procedure times

Accurate prediction of medical operation times is of crucial importance for cost-efficient operation room planning in hospitals. This paper investigates the possible dependence of procedure times on surgeon factors like age, experience, gender and team composition. The effect of these factors is estimated for over 30 different types of medical operations in two hospitals, by means of ANOVA models for logarithmic case durations. The estimation data set contains about 30,000 observations from 2005 to 2008. The relevance of surgeon factors depends on the type of operation. The factors found most often to be significant are team composition, experience and time of the day. Contrary to widespread opinions among surgeons, gender has nearly never a significant effect. By incorporating surgeon factors, the accuracy of out-of-sample prediction of case durations of about 1250 surgical operations in 2009 is improved by up to more than 15% compared with current planning procedures.     

论暖通空调安装施工的质量控制

暖通空调工程的施工包括空调设备及空调管道的施工等,其安装系统复杂,一般在整个建筑工程的后期进行.在安装暖通空调的施工过程中必须严格按照施工工序进行,积极做好事前控制.文章就暖通空调安装规范和验评标准要求,对其采用的技术手段和安装工艺进行分析,对各分项系统进行安装和调试,以有效提高暖通空调安装的质量水平.     

The process of regionalization: An appropriate conceptual and methodological approach

Socioeconomic planning often necessitates the development of a set of areal units. This spatial component of planning is regionalization, and it must be conceptually and methodologically compatible with its purpose. Many elements common to most traditional procedures (continguity constraints, predetermination of the number or size of regions, and mutual exclusivity of regions) jeopardize the validity of the regionalization. An alternative approach, factorial regionalization, produces intuitively meaningful regional types without imposing unrealistic constraints upon the regional landscape. In addition to being more objective, the procedure yields a greater amount of information than traditional methods. This in turn allows more flexibility in interpreting and employing the results of the regionalization.     

Modeling the location of greenbelts as a means for air quality control

This paper deals with the uptake of air pollutants by vegetation, in particular forest canopies, and the integration of this factor in the design of greenbelts as one component, together with emission abatement and land-use planning, of a comprehensive urban air quality control strategy. This integration involves the use of a grid diffusion model and the extension of the concept of pollution transfer coefficient as a function of the amounts and locations of vegetation. The traditional air pollution control cost-effectiveness optimization model is extended to account for vegetation variables, and alternative solution procedures are reviewed.     

Requirements planning systems in the health care environment

An important problem confronting health care administration is cost containment in hospitals. Much of the current high costs can be traced directly to outdated procedures in materials management leading to waste, excessive inventory and unnecessary obsolescence of expensive short shelf life items. In this paper, we illustrate how a modern requirements planning system for surgical supplies was developed for a private hospital in Houston and used to effectively hold inventory levels to the minimum required to support a detailed schedule of surgical procedures. We also discuss some specific problems involved in the transfer of manufacturing technology to the hospital setting.     

基于约束理论和网络计划的生产物流研究及实证

运用约束理论来考察生产物流对企业实际产品生产的影响,将生产物流假定为影响企业高效运作的制约环节,再运用网络计划方法,分析并选定生产企业产品制造的关键工艺流程路线,为企业找出生产物流中的制约因素。以金秋农药有限公司为例进行实证分析,以期为制造企业的生产物流合理化提供一个具有普遍意义的研究方法。     

Strategic job analysis

The application of job analysis techniques makes the implicit assumption that information about a job as it presently exists may be used to develop programs to recruit, select, train, and appraise people for the job as it will exist in the future. Given a rapidly changing internal and external world it is likely that many jobs will change in the future. This article reviews some new techniques that, when added to traditional job analysis procedures, may facilitate strategic planning for the development of personnel procedures such as selection and training. Examples of the new technique are presented, followed by a discussion of some topics requiring future thought and research.