共查询到14条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
避孕节育是中国计划生育的核心内容之一,也是我国中长期人口发展战略中稳定低生育水平的重要措施之一。选取1988年全国生育节育抽样调查数据,利用多分类Logit模型(MNL)对不同特征育龄妇女避孕措施进行分析。不同生育周期和不同社会特征、子女性别、计划生育政策强度对已婚育龄人群避孕措施的选取有明显的影响。不同孩次的已婚育龄人群在避孕措施选择中都存在一定的避孕偏好,尤其是子女性别不同时呈现避孕措施选择的明显差异,即最小子女为女孩的育龄人群比最小子女为男孩的育龄人群更为倾向于选择避孕套等自控型短效避孕措施,提示避孕措施的选择存在制度内规避行为,并受到一定的性别偏好因素的影响。 相似文献
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利用中国多世代人口数据库——辽宁部分(CMGPD-LN),运用离散时间事件史分析技术和logit模型,研究了1749-1909年清代辽东旗人社会中男性的婚姻与死亡水平、死亡风险的关系。婚姻对于男性具有保护作用,在婚男性的死亡风险要低于不在婚男性;logit模型结果表明,未婚和丧偶男性的死亡风险要显著高于初婚男性,中青年未婚男性的死亡风险高于初婚男性,而老年未婚男性的死亡风险比初婚男性低。 相似文献
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要实现共同富裕,必须关注西部脱贫地区的相对贫困现象。基于西部重点脱贫县长达十年的追踪调研数据,采用Probit模型和相对重要性分析等方法,从风险视角对西部脱贫县相对贫困治理路径进行研究。结果显示：风险冲击对农户相对贫困具有正向影响,其中,自然风险、健康风险、教育风险、意外风险对农户相对贫困具有正向影响,人情风险具有负向影响;相对重要性分析发现,健康与人情风险对农户相对贫困影响较大,意外与教育风险次之,自然风险影响较小;老年人口占比是农户家庭陷入相对贫困的首要影响因素;公共性转移收入、私人性转移收入、打工收入、购买保险、参加培训利于降低风险冲击对农户相对贫困的影响,借贷的作用则相反;风险冲击通过降低收入或增加支出对相对贫困产生影响。破解西部脱贫地区相对贫困治理过程中多元化的致贫与返贫风险,应健全相对贫困风险治理机制、完善社会保障兜底机制、优化内生动力培育机制、加快县域产业发展机制。 相似文献
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商业银行相对风险比较研究——来自中国14家商业银行2001-2004年的经验证据 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为寻找中国商业银行整体运行中的薄弱环节,本文基于所构建的风险评价指标体系及风险比较模型,对中国14家主要商业银行2001～2004年的相对风险水平进行了对比分析.研究发现,依照相对风险程度的高低,14家商业银行可以划分为三个层次,第一层次,由华夏银行、招商银行、民生银行及中国银行所构成,安全性较高;而中国农业银行、中国工商银行和广东发展银行则隶属于风险最高的第三层次,是中国银行业安全的薄弱环节.由于不良贷款率、盈利能力和资产的流动性比率是影响商业银行风险状况的主要因素,因此从这三个方面入手,改善位于第三层次商业银行的风险状况,是提高中国银行业整体安全性的关键,应该成为当前银行业改革的重点. 相似文献
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This article examines the expected duration of widowhood and its variation by socio-economic status (SES). The relationship between widowhood duration (WD) and SES and how they relate to annuitization and longevity risk is relevant in the light of ongoing changes in many pension systems. Using data from Ireland, WD is estimated for older married individuals, as a function of spousal age gap and spousal longevity gap. Both of the gaps are negatively correlated with SES. Thus, WD is negatively correlated with SES. Wives in the bottom of the SES distribution have the highest degree of annuitization, protecting them against longevity risk brought about by a higher WD. The movement towards less automatic annuitization may impact future widows differently, depending on their SES. 相似文献
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Anna Miromanova; 《Review of International Economics》2024,32(1):252-280
Despite the intention that sanctions, by design, should not harm civilians' welfare, evidence shows that they can negatively affect health outcomes. In this study, I measure the impact of sanctions on international trade in medical supplies and cross-country mortality rates. I find that sanctions, particularly those imposed by the United States, decrease the volume of medical exports to targeted countries, potentially leading to worse health outcomes. I also discover that sanctions increase mortality rates in the targeted countries, particularly for women with HIV/AIDS infections. Termination of foreign aid, blockades, and partial embargoes have the most damaging effect on mortality. 相似文献
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Tolga Yuret 《Applied economics letters》2018,25(13):914-917
According to the Turkish legal code, a student born in December must enrol in primary school alongside students born 11 months earlier in January. In this study, Turkish college admissions data is used to measure the effect of younger enrolment in primary school. It was found that students who are born in the second half of the year are less likely to be from selective public high schools, and are less likely to be successful in college admissions test. These results are consistent with disadvantages associated with younger enrolment in primary school. 相似文献
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我国现行的社会保障政策与法定退休年龄使得个人养老金收支盈亏及领取水平有很大的差异,并导致高龄退休人员相对贫困化。经计量,现行的社会保障政策才是导致这些不良结果的主要因素。适当降低退休时养老金替代率,提高养老金的年增长率是目前合理的政策调整取向。 相似文献
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Louise Rawlings Pauline O&#x;Shaughnessy Stephen J. Robson 《Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy》2019,38(3):220-234
We examined mortality rates in Australian women aged twenty to fifty years during 2001–2016, demonstrating continued disparity by socioeconomic status. Mortality has declined but the reduction occurred in the first decade with no evidence of improved rates since 2010. There have been steady improvements in death rates from causes not considered preventable, while potentially preventable deaths increased in all but the highest socioeconomic quintiles. These rises are particularly alarming in what have been termed “deaths of despair.” As well as the obvious compassionate responses to death in prime aged women, there are important economic considerations that should prompt further research and a policy response. 相似文献
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We exploit the timing of the Cuban Missile Crisis and the geographical variation in mortality risks individuals faced across states to analyse reproduction decisions during the crisis. The results of a difference-in-differences approach show evidence that fertility decreased in states that are farther from Cuba and increased in states with more military installations. Our findings suggest that individuals are more likely to engage in reproductive activities when facing high mortality risks, but reduce fertility when facing a high probability of enduring the aftermath of a catastrophe. 相似文献
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We use UK Labour Force Survey data to estimate wage differentials associated with the attainment of vocational qualifications, relative to comparison groups qualified to at best one level below. Our main aim is to show the variation in the size of such differentials, according to the unobserved characteristics of the individual, via quantile regression and also according to the characteristics of the qualifications themselves, in terms of the level, type and subject area. With respect to subject area, the key reason for variation in differentials across subjects is the differences in occupations to which qualifications lead. 相似文献
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Jagdish N. Bhagwati 《International economic journal》2013,27(1):1-14
The paper addresses three different phenomena: VERs, their causes and consequences; Quid Pro Quo direct foreign investment; and VIEs. Quid Pro Quo direct foreign investment relates to investment that is undertaken in one period to influence the probability of protection being imposed in the next period. VIEs are “voluntary import expansions” which define quantity outcomes in the domestic markets of the country on which they are imposed, as when U.S. requires that a certain share of the Japanese market in an industry must be supplied by U.S. exports by a certain date. [410] 相似文献
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Francesco Renna 《Applied economics》2019,51(12):1284-1302
There is debate in the literature as to whether military service is rewarded in the economy and the extent to which veterans receive either a wage premium or penalty. In this paper, we take a new approach to this question by conducting a wage decomposition of the veteran wage differential and decomposing the wage distribution of veterans and civilians instead of focusing only on the standard wage gap analysis at the averages. We find the veteran wage differential is driven by observable factors such as education, occupation, and industry, but also by location choice, a factor that has been previously overlooked in the literature. At the average, we find white men experience a veteran penalty whereas black men and women experience a veteran premium consistent with the bridging hypothesis. Additionally, we find that as we move along the wage distribution for all demographic groups, the veteran premium tends to become a veteran penalty, even after accounting for selection into military service. However, once we account for selection, we find that the premium for veteran black men disappears. 相似文献