论中国CPA审计法律责任的制度缺失与重构

目前 ,我国CPA在涉及上市公司审计业务过程中 ,发生的舞弊现象十分严重 ,但是在处罚中存在严重的法律责任制度缺失问题 ,突出表现在法律责任缺乏界定依据 ,起诉主体法律条文不明 ,诉讼门槛起点太高 ,赔偿金额难以确定 ,处罚形式避重就轻。CPA参与上市公司舞弊的重要原因是 :民事赔偿机制严重缺失 ,地方政府过于庇护。重构CPA审计法律责任的制度设想 :明确CPA法律责任的界定依据和机构 ,建立民事责任赔偿机制 ,大力推广合伙制会计师事务所 ,建立CPA法律责任风险防范机制     

日本大股份公司的会计监察人制度及其启示

以会计师事务所及其注册会计师为主体的上市公司独立审计是我国证券市场监管的重要组成部分。然而,由于制度设计的缺陷,上市公司独立审计的监管实效不尽人意,甚至其自身也麻烦不断。近年来,我国上市公司信息披露不实、侵犯投资者合法权益的违法违规案件层出不穷,其中,涉及注册会计师违反职业道德和执业规范、为违规公司出具虚假审计报告的案件不乏其例。因此,如何完善上市公司的独立审计制度以保护投资者合法权益,已成为社会各界所普遍关注的焦点问题。西方国家证券市场之所以运作良好,乃得益于合理的制度安排。     

注册会计师独立性的保障机制研究

独立性是审计工作的关键,是注册会计师职业道德的灵魂,只有保障审计工作的独立性,才能保证审计报告的准确性,才能有效维护国家经济秩序、促进经济健康发展。然而在实际中,利益驱动、会计师事务所自身问题以及审计监管不健全等问题导致我国注册会计师审计不独立,应通过治理不健全的审计市场、规范会计师事务所的经营以及健全审计监管机制等途径,保障注册会计师审计的独立性。     

“双安”事件对我国审计制度的启示

安然的破产及安达信在破产案件中充当的角色让我们深刻认识到 ,当独立性及职业道德的要求与利益发生矛盾时 ,靠行业规范和法律规范平衡道德风险的制衡机制可能失灵。文章认为 ,对上市公司最好的监管方式是在审计制度中解决好利益机制的问题 ,可以从以下两个方面着手 :一是确定证券市场的监管主体 ;二是选择有效的监管手段     

我国注册会计师行业监管现状及对策

我国注册会计师行业监管,存在法制建设滞后、政府监管分散体制、市场准入制度不科学等问题.完善我国注册会计师行业监管的合理选择是,建立以政府为主导的独立监管模式,同时,要建立、健全注册会计师民事法律赔偿机制,改进注册会计师行业市场准入的监管.     

会计监管权利畸形及其抑制

会计监管权利来自保护产权和优化资源配置的义务,谁来履行这两项义务,谁才拥有会计监管权利,现实会计监管权利的分布存在着典型的畸形性现象.会计信息的特征、会计监管制度的"路径依赖"、政府部门的过度授权和独立审计机制的不完善性,是会计监管权利畸形性的具体成因.应借助于以股东为核心的公司利益相关者集团和体现国家意志的政府主管部门的"共同治理"模式,来弱化会计监管权利的畸形性.     

独立审计为什么没能发挥公司治理功能——基于“盛润股份”连续十五年获得“非标”意见的分析

文章以"盛润股份"连续十五年获得非标准审计意见为例,分析了"非标"意见未能发挥公司治理功能的制度根源.研究发现,独立审计之所以没能发挥治理功能,是因为审计师出具的"非标"意见未给公司及其内部人带来显著成本,而这又与市场价格机制和公司股权结构上的问题以及有效的监管和法律诉讼机制的缺失有关.本研究有助于深入了解中国证券市场上独立审计在公司治理中的功能及其存在的问题.     

中央企业境外资产监管与风险防范

近年来,在对外投资活动中,中央企业扮演了重要角色,通过境外投资和并购等方式积累了巨额资产,但国有资产流失的事件频发,找到问题的症结是监管和防范的前提.产权不明、政府组织监管不力、公司治理模式缺位、经营战略目标不明确、缺乏有效审计等问题是中央企业境外资产监管中主要存在的问题,我国应从实际情况出发,建立以有效的公司治理环境和内部审计等制度为核心的风险监管防范常态化机制.     

审计失败、法律责任与审计质量的关系

近年来,独立审计的质量问题一直困扰着我国会计职业界,特别是2001年以来,国内外连续发生的一系列财务欺诈案件以及与之相关的审计失败事件,使注册会计师行业的公信力受到严峻挑战,严重阻碍了证券市场的健康发展。事实上,为了提高审计质量,我国政府有关部门先后制定并发布了很多相关的法规和制度以明确规定注册会计师的法律责任,包括行政责任、民事责任、刑事责任,这些法律责任条款散见于《注册会计师法》、《公司法》、《证券法》和《刑法》等法律规定中。     

基于审计合谋治理的“选聘分离”审计委托模式研究

本文基于审计合谋的治理提出了"选聘分离"审计委托模式,通过进化博弈分析发现,只要能够做到审计委托权行权程序公正,并辅之以适度的监管,即可以达到防止审计合谋,引导独立审计行业健康发展的效果.同时基于审计合谋治理对这一模式涉及到的具体问题如审计费用如何收取、选聘过程如何进行及审计师可能的"寻租"问题的预防机制进行了制度设计.     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 period and the 1991- 2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

西部地区人力资本投资与知识化发展

人力资本投资在推动知识化发展的过程中存在自增强机制，通过促进人力资本保值增值，进行人力资源合理配置，改善配置环境和配置政策、完善配套措施，有助于充分发挥这一机制的功能，从而实现西部地区知识化发展。     

Age Discrimination in Employment in Canada

Issues pertaining to age discrimination in employment in Canada are analyzed with a view toward highlighting lessons that may be learned from the Canadian experience—an experience that is taking on increased policy importance. Reasons for the increased attention to age discrimination issues are outlined, followed by a portrayal of the age discrimination legislation and court interpretations in Canada, especially as they pertain to mandatory retirement. Enforcement aspects are discussed, as is the evidence on age discrimination in employment and the effectiveness of legislation with respect to age discrimination and mandatory retirement. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience, especially with respect to the poorly understood but complicated relationship between age discrimination and mandatory retirement. Policy recommendations for strengthening age discrimination legislation are also outlined. (JEL J14 , J24 , J71 )     

Inequalities in Income Distribution in Slovenia

This article presents an empirical analysis of income distribution based on income tax data for Slovenia in 1991-2000. It presents evidence of rising inequalities in income distribution (gross income, gross wages and pensions). These results are supported by coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and by the Lorenz curves. Inequalities increased rapidly in the 1991 to 1993 period. After a significant decrease in 1994 and a steady increase from 1995 to 2000, the peak value from 1993 was not surpassed. Atkinson's requirements for dominance comparisons are not violated. Inequalities are also present in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth among income groups.     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。     

Public participation in forestry in Turkey

Recently public participation in forestry has been seriously considered in Turkey. Participation is however quite a challenge for a country with a long tradition of top-down management and a strong bottom-up dependence on public provisioning. In such a setting, it may not be surprising that the experiences with public participation in forestry in Turkey are mixed. There are some positive initiatives like the creation of farmer's cooperatives and NGOs, but their role is quite limited and small of scale. This paper is bringing together different views based on existing studies in Turkish related to Turkey's experience with implementing public participation in forestry.